A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated？ Can adult stem cells be...A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated？ Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth？ If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration？ Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration？ How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants？ Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide？ This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration： repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes.展开更多
Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue engineering,the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because of the difficulty of simulating nat...Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue engineering,the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because of the difficulty of simulating native organs/tissues'microenvironment.As a kind of natural tissue-derived biomaterials,decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)-based scaffolds have gained attention due to their unique biomimetic properties,providing a specific microenvironment suitable for promoting cell proliferation,migration,attachment and regulating differentiation.The medical applications of dECM-based scaffolds have addressed critical challenges,including poor mechanical strength and insufficient stability.For promoting the reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs,dif-ferent types of dECM-based composite platforms have been designed to mimic tissue microenvironment,including by integrating with natural polymer or/and syntenic polymer or adding bioactive factors.In this review,we summarized the research progress of dECM-based composite scaffolds in regenerative medicine,highlighting the critical challenges and future perspectives related to the medical application of these composite materials。展开更多
It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous s...It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury.Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells.Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than neurons.Consequently,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function.Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming techniques.Used alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit.Thus can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local microenvironment.By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons.This offers a novel approach for treating central ne展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with multifactorial conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.Although the underlying mechan...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with multifactorial conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.Although the underlying mechanisms of IBD remain unclear,growing evidence has shown that dysregulated immune system reactions in genetically susceptible individuals contribute to mucosal inflammation.However,conventional treatments have been effective in inducing remission of IBD but not in preventing the relapse of them.In this way,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSC)therapy has been recognized as a promising treatment for IBD due to their immunomodulatory properties,ability to differentiate into several tissues,and homing to inflammatory sites.Even so,literature is conflicted regarding the location and persistence of MSC in the body after transplantation.For this reason,recent studies have focused on the paracrine effect of the biofactors secreted by MSC,especially in relation to the immunomodulatory potential of soluble factors(cytokines,chemokines,and growth factors)and extracellular vehicles that are involved in cell communication and in the transfer of cellular material,such as proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Moreover,treatment with interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βcauses MSC to express immunomodulatory molecules that mediate the suppression via cell-contact dependent mechanisms.Taken together,we present an overview of the role of bioactive factors and cell membrane proteins derived from MSC as a cell-free therapy that can improve IBD treatment.展开更多
Bioactive components are partially responsible for the nutritional and health benefits of soybeans. Four major bioactive components: isoflavones, oligosaccharides, phospholipids,and saponins, were quantified in 763 so...Bioactive components are partially responsible for the nutritional and health benefits of soybeans. Four major bioactive components: isoflavones, oligosaccharides, phospholipids,and saponins, were quantified in 763 soybean samples collected from widely distributed regions across China from 2010 to 2013. A majority of the tested bioactive components showed generally declining trends from the north(high latitude) to the south(low latitude).A positive relationship between total oligosaccharides(TO) and altitude was observed. Total isoflavones(TI), phospholipids(TP) and TO were negatively correlated with cumulative temperature above or equal to 15 °C(AT15) and mean daily temperature(MDT), but positively correlated with diurnal temperature range(DTR) and hours of sunshine(HS).Total saponins(TS) were negatively correlated with MDT but positively correlated with rainfall(RF), whereas TO were negatively correlated with RF. Path-coefficient analysis showed that, besides genotype differences, temperature and HS during the reproductive period influenced TI and TP contents, while temperature and RF influenced TS and TO. The effects of weather factors on soybean bioactive components in diverse regions of China were characterized. These findings will be helpful in promoting soybean production for functional food purposes.展开更多
Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction.They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects.However,rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the develo...Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction.They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects.However,rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the development and application of dermal substitutes.Several bioactive factors play an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis and an understanding of the mechanism of achieving their effective delivery and sustained function is vital.Nanomaterials have great potential for tissue engineering.Effective delivery of bioactive factors(including growth factors,peptides and nucleic acids)by nanomaterials is of increasing research interest.This paper discusses the process of dermal substitute angiogenesis and the roles of related bioactive factors in this process.The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing is also reviewed.We focus on new systems and approaches for delivering bioactive factors for enhancing angiogenesis in dermal substitutes.展开更多
基金supported by RC2DE020767 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
文摘A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated？ Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth？ If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration？ Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration？ How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants？ Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide？ This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration： repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 32271410,32071323 and 81971734)the Science and Technology Projects in Fujian Province(2022FX1,2023Y4008)+1 种基金Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(21BS113)the Open Research Fund of Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology,Huaqiao University(AACCT0004).
文摘Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue engineering,the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because of the difficulty of simulating native organs/tissues'microenvironment.As a kind of natural tissue-derived biomaterials,decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)-based scaffolds have gained attention due to their unique biomimetic properties,providing a specific microenvironment suitable for promoting cell proliferation,migration,attachment and regulating differentiation.The medical applications of dECM-based scaffolds have addressed critical challenges,including poor mechanical strength and insufficient stability.For promoting the reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs,dif-ferent types of dECM-based composite platforms have been designed to mimic tissue microenvironment,including by integrating with natural polymer or/and syntenic polymer or adding bioactive factors.In this review,we summarized the research progress of dECM-based composite scaffolds in regenerative medicine,highlighting the critical challenges and future perspectives related to the medical application of these composite materials。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.82272171 (to ZY),82271403 (to XL),31971279 (to ZY),81941011 (to XL),31730030 (to XL)。
文摘It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury.Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells.Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than neurons.Consequently,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function.Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming techniques.Used alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit.Thus can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local microenvironment.By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons.This offers a novel approach for treating central ne
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with multifactorial conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.Although the underlying mechanisms of IBD remain unclear,growing evidence has shown that dysregulated immune system reactions in genetically susceptible individuals contribute to mucosal inflammation.However,conventional treatments have been effective in inducing remission of IBD but not in preventing the relapse of them.In this way,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSC)therapy has been recognized as a promising treatment for IBD due to their immunomodulatory properties,ability to differentiate into several tissues,and homing to inflammatory sites.Even so,literature is conflicted regarding the location and persistence of MSC in the body after transplantation.For this reason,recent studies have focused on the paracrine effect of the biofactors secreted by MSC,especially in relation to the immunomodulatory potential of soluble factors(cytokines,chemokines,and growth factors)and extracellular vehicles that are involved in cell communication and in the transfer of cellular material,such as proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Moreover,treatment with interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βcauses MSC to express immunomodulatory molecules that mediate the suppression via cell-contact dependent mechanisms.Taken together,we present an overview of the role of bioactive factors and cell membrane proteins derived from MSC as a cell-free therapy that can improve IBD treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101400)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Bioactive components are partially responsible for the nutritional and health benefits of soybeans. Four major bioactive components: isoflavones, oligosaccharides, phospholipids,and saponins, were quantified in 763 soybean samples collected from widely distributed regions across China from 2010 to 2013. A majority of the tested bioactive components showed generally declining trends from the north(high latitude) to the south(low latitude).A positive relationship between total oligosaccharides(TO) and altitude was observed. Total isoflavones(TI), phospholipids(TP) and TO were negatively correlated with cumulative temperature above or equal to 15 °C(AT15) and mean daily temperature(MDT), but positively correlated with diurnal temperature range(DTR) and hours of sunshine(HS).Total saponins(TS) were negatively correlated with MDT but positively correlated with rainfall(RF), whereas TO were negatively correlated with RF. Path-coefficient analysis showed that, besides genotype differences, temperature and HS during the reproductive period influenced TI and TP contents, while temperature and RF influenced TS and TO. The effects of weather factors on soybean bioactive components in diverse regions of China were characterized. These findings will be helpful in promoting soybean production for functional food purposes.
基金supported by the National key research and development project(2016YFC1100800,2016YFC1100803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772069,81401591,81801911)the Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Program(LGF19H150008).
文摘Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction.They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects.However,rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the development and application of dermal substitutes.Several bioactive factors play an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis and an understanding of the mechanism of achieving their effective delivery and sustained function is vital.Nanomaterials have great potential for tissue engineering.Effective delivery of bioactive factors(including growth factors,peptides and nucleic acids)by nanomaterials is of increasing research interest.This paper discusses the process of dermal substitute angiogenesis and the roles of related bioactive factors in this process.The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing is also reviewed.We focus on new systems and approaches for delivering bioactive factors for enhancing angiogenesis in dermal substitutes.
