Under climate change, rising frequency and serious extreme weather events have challenged agricultural production. Designing appropriate adaptation measures to the extreme weather events require rigorous and empirical...Under climate change, rising frequency and serious extreme weather events have challenged agricultural production. Designing appropriate adaptation measures to the extreme weather events require rigorous and empirical analysis. The overall goals of this study are to understand physical adaptation measures taken by farmers and the impacts of household and community assets on farmers＇ adaptation when they face drought. The analyses are based on a unique data set collected from a household survey in three provinces in China. The survey results show that though not common on annual basis, some farmers did use physical adaptation measures to fight drought. Regression analysis reveals that both household and community assets significantly affect farmers＇ adaptation behaviors. Improving households＇ social capital and wealth, communities＇ network and access to government＇s anti-drought service can facilitate farmers＇ adaptation to drought. Results indicate that community＇s irrigation infrastructure and physical adaptation taken by farmers can substitute each other. Further analysis shows that the households taking adaptation measures have higher crop yields than those without taking these measures. The paper concludes with several policy implications.展开更多
The widespread use of machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms has highlighted the strategic role of data.To acquire data for training algorithms and eventually empowering the digital transfo...The widespread use of machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms has highlighted the strategic role of data.To acquire data for training algorithms and eventually empowering the digital transformation,data marketplaces are often required to support and coordinate cross-organizational data transactions.However,the prior industry practices have suggested that the transaction costs in the data marketplaces are severely high,and the supporting infrastructure is far from mature.This paper proposes a data attributes-affected data exchange(DADE)conceptual model to understand the challenges and directions for developing data marketplaces.Specifically,our model framework is built upon two dimensions,data lifecycle maturity and data asset specificity.Based on the DADE model,we propose four approaches for developing data marketplaces and discuss future research directions with an overview of computational methods as potential technical solutions.展开更多
The logistics nodes and logistics enterprises are the core carriers and organiza- tional subjects of the logistics space, and their location characteristics and differentiation strategies are of key importance to opti...The logistics nodes and logistics enterprises are the core carriers and organiza- tional subjects of the logistics space, and their location characteristics and differentiation strategies are of key importance to optimizing urban logistics spatial patterns and ensuring reasonable resource allocation. Based on Tencent Online Maps Platform from December 2014, 4396 logistics points of interest （POI） were collected in Beijing, China. By the methods of industrial concentration evaluation and kernel density analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of logistics in Beijing are explored, the interaction mechanism among the type differ- ence, supply-demand side factors and location choice behavior are clarified, and the internal mechanism of spatial differentiation under the combined influence of transportation, land rent and assets are revealed. The following conclusions are drawn in the paper. （1） Logistics en- terprises and logistics nodes exhibit the characteristic of both co-agglomeration and spatial separation in location, and logistics activities display the spatial pattern of ＂marginal area of downtown area, suburbs and exurban area＂, which have a weak coupling degree with logis- tics employment space. （2） The public logistics space, namely, logistics parks and logistics centers, is produced under the guidance of the government, and the terminal logistics space consisting of logistics distribution centers serving for the specific industries and terminal users is dominated by enterprises. The Iocational differentiation between the two modes of logistics space is significant. （3） In the formation of the logistics spatial location, the government can change the traffic condition by re-planning the transport routes and freight station locations, and control the land rent and availability of different areas by increasing or decreasing the land use of logistics, to impact the enterprise behavior and form different types of logistics space and function differentiation. In comparison, logistics enterp展开更多
In this paper we study the determinants of gross capital flows, project the size of China＇s international investment position in 2020, and analyze the implications for the renminbi real exchange rate if China liberal...In this paper we study the determinants of gross capital flows, project the size of China＇s international investment position in 2020, and analyze the implications for the renminbi real exchange rate if China liberalizes the capital account. We assume in this exercise that the renminbi will have largely achieved capital account convertibility by the end of the current decade, a timetable consistent with recent proposals by the People ＇s Bank of China. Our analysis shows that if the capital account were liberalized, China＇s gross international investment position would grow significantly, and inflows and outflows would become much more balanced. The private sector would turn its net liability position into a balanced position, and the official sector would reduce its net asset position significantly, relative to the country ＇s GDP. Because of the increasing importance of private sector foreign claims and the decreasing importance of official foreign reserves, China would be able to earn higher net investment income from abroad. Overall, China would continue to be a net creditor, with the net foreign asset position as a share of GDP remaining largely stable through this decade. These findings suggest that the renminbi real exchange rate would not be particularly sensitive to capital account liberalization as capital flows are expected to be two-sided. The renminb i real exchange rate would likely be on a path of moderate appreciation as China is expected to maintain a sizeable growth differential with its trading partners.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB955700)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(70925001,71161140351)+1 种基金the International Development Research Center(107093-001)the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ADP/2010/070)
文摘Under climate change, rising frequency and serious extreme weather events have challenged agricultural production. Designing appropriate adaptation measures to the extreme weather events require rigorous and empirical analysis. The overall goals of this study are to understand physical adaptation measures taken by farmers and the impacts of household and community assets on farmers＇ adaptation when they face drought. The analyses are based on a unique data set collected from a household survey in three provinces in China. The survey results show that though not common on annual basis, some farmers did use physical adaptation measures to fight drought. Regression analysis reveals that both household and community assets significantly affect farmers＇ adaptation behaviors. Improving households＇ social capital and wealth, communities＇ network and access to government＇s anti-drought service can facilitate farmers＇ adaptation to drought. Results indicate that community＇s irrigation infrastructure and physical adaptation taken by farmers can substitute each other. Further analysis shows that the households taking adaptation measures have higher crop yields than those without taking these measures. The paper concludes with several policy implications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(NSFC)[Grants No.91746302 and 71822201]National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Distribution and Exchange Technologies.
文摘The widespread use of machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms has highlighted the strategic role of data.To acquire data for training algorithms and eventually empowering the digital transformation,data marketplaces are often required to support and coordinate cross-organizational data transactions.However,the prior industry practices have suggested that the transaction costs in the data marketplaces are severely high,and the supporting infrastructure is far from mature.This paper proposes a data attributes-affected data exchange(DADE)conceptual model to understand the challenges and directions for developing data marketplaces.Specifically,our model framework is built upon two dimensions,data lifecycle maturity and data asset specificity.Based on the DADE model,we propose four approaches for developing data marketplaces and discuss future research directions with an overview of computational methods as potential technical solutions.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41501123, No.71703219
文摘The logistics nodes and logistics enterprises are the core carriers and organiza- tional subjects of the logistics space, and their location characteristics and differentiation strategies are of key importance to optimizing urban logistics spatial patterns and ensuring reasonable resource allocation. Based on Tencent Online Maps Platform from December 2014, 4396 logistics points of interest （POI） were collected in Beijing, China. By the methods of industrial concentration evaluation and kernel density analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of logistics in Beijing are explored, the interaction mechanism among the type differ- ence, supply-demand side factors and location choice behavior are clarified, and the internal mechanism of spatial differentiation under the combined influence of transportation, land rent and assets are revealed. The following conclusions are drawn in the paper. （1） Logistics en- terprises and logistics nodes exhibit the characteristic of both co-agglomeration and spatial separation in location, and logistics activities display the spatial pattern of ＂marginal area of downtown area, suburbs and exurban area＂, which have a weak coupling degree with logis- tics employment space. （2） The public logistics space, namely, logistics parks and logistics centers, is produced under the guidance of the government, and the terminal logistics space consisting of logistics distribution centers serving for the specific industries and terminal users is dominated by enterprises. The Iocational differentiation between the two modes of logistics space is significant. （3） In the formation of the logistics spatial location, the government can change the traffic condition by re-planning the transport routes and freight station locations, and control the land rent and availability of different areas by increasing or decreasing the land use of logistics, to impact the enterprise behavior and form different types of logistics space and function differentiation. In comparison, logistics enterp
文摘In this paper we study the determinants of gross capital flows, project the size of China＇s international investment position in 2020, and analyze the implications for the renminbi real exchange rate if China liberalizes the capital account. We assume in this exercise that the renminbi will have largely achieved capital account convertibility by the end of the current decade, a timetable consistent with recent proposals by the People ＇s Bank of China. Our analysis shows that if the capital account were liberalized, China＇s gross international investment position would grow significantly, and inflows and outflows would become much more balanced. The private sector would turn its net liability position into a balanced position, and the official sector would reduce its net asset position significantly, relative to the country ＇s GDP. Because of the increasing importance of private sector foreign claims and the decreasing importance of official foreign reserves, China would be able to earn higher net investment income from abroad. Overall, China would continue to be a net creditor, with the net foreign asset position as a share of GDP remaining largely stable through this decade. These findings suggest that the renminbi real exchange rate would not be particularly sensitive to capital account liberalization as capital flows are expected to be two-sided. The renminb i real exchange rate would likely be on a path of moderate appreciation as China is expected to maintain a sizeable growth differential with its trading partners.
