Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain f...Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown th展开更多
The gut microbiota is profoundly involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,in part by regulating bile acid(BA)metabolism and affecting multiple BA-receptor signaling pathways.BAs are synthesized in the liver by multi-s...The gut microbiota is profoundly involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,in part by regulating bile acid(BA)metabolism and affecting multiple BA-receptor signaling pathways.BAs are synthesized in the liver by multi-step reactions catalyzed via two distinct routes,the classical pathway(producing the 12α-hydroxylated primary BA,cholic acid),and the alternative pathway(producing the non-12α-hydroxylated primary BA,chenodeoxycholic acid).BA synthesis and excretion is a major pathway of cholesterol and lipid catabolism,and thus,is implicated in a variety of metabolic diseases including obesity,insulin resistance,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Additionally,both oxysterols and BAs function as signaling molecules that activate multiple nuclear and membrane receptor-mediated signaling pathways in various tissues,regulating glucose,lipid homeostasis,inflammation,and energy expenditure.Modulating BA synthesis and composition to regulate BA signaling is an interesting and novel direction for developing therapies for metabolic disease.In this review,we summarize the most recent findings on the role of BA synthetic pathways,with a focus on the role of the alternative pathway,which has been under-investigated,in treating hyperglycemia and fatty liver disease.We also discuss future perspectives to develop promising pharmacological strategies targeting the alternative BA synthetic pathway for the treatment of metabolic diseases.展开更多
Functional dyspepsia(FD)and gastroparesis are two common functional gastrointestinal diseases,affecting millions of people in both China and around the world.However,treatment options are limited and difficult due to ...Functional dyspepsia(FD)and gastroparesis are two common functional gastrointestinal diseases,affecting millions of people in both China and around the world.However,treatment options are limited and difficult due to multiple factors involved in their pathophysiologies.Therefore it is critically important to assess and understand pathophysiologies of these diseases before a treatment is given.In this minireview we provide updates on recent development in the pathophysiologies and treatments of FD and gastroparesis.In addition to common abnormalities in gastric accommodation,antral hypomotility and visceral hypersensitivity,FD has recently been reported to display a number of impairment in duodenal functions,such as low-grade inflammation and increased permeability.For gastroparesis,macrophages have recently been reported to play an important role in its pathophysiology.A brief overview on the assessment of pathophysiologies of FD and gastroparesis is also provided;pros and cons of clinically available methodologies as well as emerging methods are discussed.Finally,available treatment options for FD and gastroparesis are presented in this minireview,including authors′opinions on the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.Potential novel therapies for FD and gastroparesis,especially those associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine,are also introduced and discussed.展开更多
The basic concept of integrative medicine（IM） is that by combining mainstream（biomedicine） with complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）, synergistic therapeutic effects can be attained.When the methods of mi...The basic concept of integrative medicine（IM） is that by combining mainstream（biomedicine） with complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）, synergistic therapeutic effects can be attained.When the methods of mind/body medicine（MBM） are added to this combination,as in Western countries,a new concept emerges that drastically changes the approach toward illness. It is interesting to note that the joining of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the early days of the Peoples＇ Republic of China preceded the Western model of IM by almost 50 years.Several elements that make up the key components of IM as practiced today in the West were already present in the Chinese version of IM,and Chinese medicine has played and continues to play an important role in advancing IM.However,one of the major differences between the Chinese and the Western models of IM today,besides MBM and some other treatment options,is that Western integrative medicine（WIM） strictly requires its CAM methods to be supported by scientific evidence. The therapeutic methods of IM and their applications are many and varied.However,they are most frequently employed to treat chronic medical conditions,e.g.,bronchial asthma,rheumatic disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disorder and chronic pain.Other fields in which IM may be applied are internal medicine（inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases）,musculoskeletal disorders,oncology （chemotherapy-induced side effects）,obstetrics and gynecology（dysmenorrhea,endometriosis,infertility and menopausal complaints）,pediatrics,geriatrics,neurology（migraine and chronic headache）,and psychiatry （anxiety and depression）. The concept of WIM is discussed here in detail by reviewing its scope and implications for the practice of medicine and focusing on the role of Chinese medicine in WIM.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popu...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide for the treatment of AP.The current evidence from basic research and clinical studies has shown that TCM has good therapeutic effects on AP.This review summarizes the widely used formulas,single herbs and monomers that are used to treat AP and the potential underlying mechanisms of TCM.Because of the abundance,low cost,and safety of TCM as well as its ability to target various aspects of the pathogenesis,TCM provides potential clinical benefits and a new avenue with tremendous potential for the future treatment of AP.展开更多
Although the current standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) is sorafenib, many previous studies have established the need for a reliable local modality for PVTT co...Although the current standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) is sorafenib, many previous studies have established the need for a reliable local modality for PVTT control, which is a major cause of liver function deterioration and metastasis. Additionally, there is growing evidence for the prognostic significance of PVTT classification according to the location of tumor thrombosis. Favorable outcomes can be obtained by applying local modalities, including surgery or transarterial chemoembolization, especially in second-order or distal branch PVTT. Rapid control of PVTT could maintain or improve liver function and reduce intrahepatic as well as distant metastasis. Radiotherapy(RT) is one of the main locoregional treatment modalities in oncologic fields, but has rarely been used in HCC because of concerns regarding hepatic toxicity. However, with the development of advanced techniques, RT has been increasingly applied in HCC management. Randomized studies have yet to definitively prove the benefit of RT, but several comparative studies have justified the application of RT in HCC. The value of RT is especially noticeable in HCC with PVTT; several prospective and retrospective studies have reported favorable outcomes, including a 40% to 60% objective response rate and median overall survival of 15 mo to 20 mo in responders. In this review, we evaluate the role of RT as an alternative local modality in HCC with PVTT.展开更多
Characteristics of soil erosion change along a long slope in the gentle hilly areas in black soil region in Northeast China are discussed. A simplified slope model based on segments was used to analyze the runoff data...Characteristics of soil erosion change along a long slope in the gentle hilly areas in black soil region in Northeast China are discussed. A simplified slope model based on segments was used to analyze the runoff data and soil erosion data observed between 2003 and 2004 over 10 field plots with different slope length in Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province. We found that soil erosion rate over long slopes in the black soil region changed alternatively along the slope and creates alternative zones of intensive erosion and week erosion.The exact place of each zone is different for different rainfall conditions. In a year with less and mild precipitation, rill cannot happen within the top 50 m, while in a year with large and intensive precipitation, rill can be formed starting even at 15 m from the top of the slope.展开更多
A Chebyshev fitting way for a propeller atlas across four quadrants is discussed. As an example, Chebyshev polynomial fitting results and its error analysis are given. Because it’s difficult generally to get a propel...A Chebyshev fitting way for a propeller atlas across four quadrants is discussed. As an example, Chebyshev polynomial fitting results and its error analysis are given. Because it’s difficult generally to get a propeller atlas across four quadrants, a way is used to construct an alternative with higher accuracy based on the properties. As an application example, an alternative for the propeller property of a Deep Submergence Vehicle across four quadrants is given practically and a simulation model of the four quadrants propeller for dynamic condition is set up. The model lays a foundation for DSV full operating-condition movement simulation. A lot of simulation work shows that the results are very close to the practical data and, therefore, are effective.展开更多
A mixture alternative refrigerant to HCFC-22 named THR03 was developed by us.The calculation results of THR03 was compared with HCFC-22 and other alternatives. The standard A/C performance test for THR03 and HCFC-22 i...A mixture alternative refrigerant to HCFC-22 named THR03 was developed by us.The calculation results of THR03 was compared with HCFC-22 and other alternatives. The standard A/C performance test for THR03 and HCFC-22 in the same air conditioner was done. The flammability and the material compatibility test are also discussed in this paper. It shows that THR03 has zero ODP, low GWP value, non toxicity, non flammability, and good thermal performance. The thermal parameters of THR03 such as the operating temperatures,pressures and volumetric capacity are close to those of HCFC-22. Therefore, THR03 can be applied directly to existing and new air conditioner as "drop-in" alternative.展开更多
The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPS...The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPSF30-S and an m^(6)A-binding YTH domain.Little is known about the biological roles of CPSF30-L and the molecular mechanism underlying its m^(6)A-binding function in alternative polyadenylation.Here,we charac-terized CPSF30-L as an Arabidopsis m^(6)A reader whose m^(6)A-binding function is required for the floral tran-sition and abscisic acid(ABA)response.We found that the m^(6)A-binding activity of CPSF30-L enhances the formation of liquid-like nuclear bodies,where CPSF30-L mainly recognizes m*A-modified far-upstream elements to control polyadenylation site choice.Deficiency of CPSF30-L lengthens the 3'untranslated region of three phenotypes-related transcripts,thereby accelerating their mRNA degradation and leading to late flowering and ABA hypersensitivity.Collectively,this study uncovers a new molecular mechanism for m^(6)A-driven phase separation and polyadenylation in plants.展开更多
Objectives： Knee osteoarthritis （OA） is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Short-term Baduanjin （八段锦） exercise had been testified to be beneficial to the disease. This study conducted an initial ...Objectives： Knee osteoarthritis （OA） is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Short-term Baduanjin （八段锦） exercise had been testified to be beneficial to the disease. This study conducted an initial assessment of the one-year Baduanjin exercise on knee OA. Methods： The recruited patients practiced Baduanjin at the community recreational center. Sessions were held for 30 min five times a week for one year. Knee pain, stiffness, physical disability, general health, knee extensors and flexors strength, and aerobic ability were measured using the Westem Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index （WOMAC）, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 （SF-36）, the 6-Minute Walk Test （6-MWT）, and the Isoldnetic Strength of the Knee Extensors and Flexors （ISKEF）. Body mass index （BMI） was also calculated before and after the study period for comparison. Results： Twenty-eight patients signed the informed consent. Six patients withdrew from the trial. Twenty-two patients （29 knees） completed the one-year study. After one-year Baduanjin exercise, WOMAC pain （132.0 ± 69.6 vs. 56.2±67.6, P=0.000）, stiffness （64.7±54.8 vs. 22.3±34.6, P=0.000）, and physical function subscales （386.1± 275.8 vs. 182.0 ±235.7, P=0.003）; SF-36 body pain （45.7 ±20.0 vs. 57.4 ±17.9, P=0.005）, general health （50.5± 20.0 vs. 62.1 ±16.1, P=0.004）, role emotional （64.4±26.1 vs. 73.5±21.3, P=0.047）, and health transition （3.3± 1.0 vs. 2.6±1.0, P=0.008）; BMI （25.0±2.9 vs. 24.4±2.9, P=0.032）; 6-MWT （565.7±94.6 vs. 610.5±66.7, P=0.036）; and ISKEF Peak Torque （the Knee Extensors： 60.5 ±25.5 vs. 76.8 ±31, P=0.000; the Knee Flexors： 29.3±15.9 vs. 37.1 ±15.8, P=0.001） were significantly improved. No adverse effects resulted from the exercise. Conclusions： It suggested that the long-term Baduanjin could be a feasible and safe exercise option for knee OA.展开更多
Precursor-mRNAs(pre-mRNA) can be processed into one or more mature m RNA isoforms through constitutive or alternative splicing pathways. Constitutive splicing of pre-mRNA plays critical roles in gene expressional regu...Precursor-mRNAs(pre-mRNA) can be processed into one or more mature m RNA isoforms through constitutive or alternative splicing pathways. Constitutive splicing of pre-mRNA plays critical roles in gene expressional regulation, such as intronmediated enhancement(IME), whereas alternative splicing(AS) dramatically increases the protein diversity and gene functional regulation. However, the unavailability of mutants for individual spliced isoforms in plants has been a major limitation in studying the function of mRNA splicing. Here, we describe an efficient tool for manipulating the splicing of plant genes. Using a Cas9-directed base editor, we converted the 5′ splice sites in four Arabidopsis genes from the activated GT form to the inactive AT form. Silencing the AS of HAB 1.1(encoding a type 2 C phosphatase) validated its function in abscisic acid signaling, while perturbing the AS of RS31 A revealed its functional involvement in plant response to genotoxic treatment for the first time. Lastly,altering the constitutive splicing of Act2 via base editing facilitated the analysis of IME. This strategy provides an efficient tool for investigating the function and regulation of gene splicing in plants and other eukaryotes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473784)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2017A298)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Youth Elite Support Plan in Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.gxyq ZD2016134)Construction Project of Scientific Research Innovation Platform of Anhui Province of China(No.2015TD033)
文摘Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown th
文摘The gut microbiota is profoundly involved in glucose and lipid metabolism,in part by regulating bile acid(BA)metabolism and affecting multiple BA-receptor signaling pathways.BAs are synthesized in the liver by multi-step reactions catalyzed via two distinct routes,the classical pathway(producing the 12α-hydroxylated primary BA,cholic acid),and the alternative pathway(producing the non-12α-hydroxylated primary BA,chenodeoxycholic acid).BA synthesis and excretion is a major pathway of cholesterol and lipid catabolism,and thus,is implicated in a variety of metabolic diseases including obesity,insulin resistance,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Additionally,both oxysterols and BAs function as signaling molecules that activate multiple nuclear and membrane receptor-mediated signaling pathways in various tissues,regulating glucose,lipid homeostasis,inflammation,and energy expenditure.Modulating BA synthesis and composition to regulate BA signaling is an interesting and novel direction for developing therapies for metabolic disease.In this review,we summarize the most recent findings on the role of BA synthetic pathways,with a focus on the role of the alternative pathway,which has been under-investigated,in treating hyperglycemia and fatty liver disease.We also discuss future perspectives to develop promising pharmacological strategies targeting the alternative BA synthetic pathway for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
文摘Functional dyspepsia(FD)and gastroparesis are two common functional gastrointestinal diseases,affecting millions of people in both China and around the world.However,treatment options are limited and difficult due to multiple factors involved in their pathophysiologies.Therefore it is critically important to assess and understand pathophysiologies of these diseases before a treatment is given.In this minireview we provide updates on recent development in the pathophysiologies and treatments of FD and gastroparesis.In addition to common abnormalities in gastric accommodation,antral hypomotility and visceral hypersensitivity,FD has recently been reported to display a number of impairment in duodenal functions,such as low-grade inflammation and increased permeability.For gastroparesis,macrophages have recently been reported to play an important role in its pathophysiology.A brief overview on the assessment of pathophysiologies of FD and gastroparesis is also provided;pros and cons of clinically available methodologies as well as emerging methods are discussed.Finally,available treatment options for FD and gastroparesis are presented in this minireview,including authors′opinions on the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.Potential novel therapies for FD and gastroparesis,especially those associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine,are also introduced and discussed.
文摘The basic concept of integrative medicine（IM） is that by combining mainstream（biomedicine） with complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）, synergistic therapeutic effects can be attained.When the methods of mind/body medicine（MBM） are added to this combination,as in Western countries,a new concept emerges that drastically changes the approach toward illness. It is interesting to note that the joining of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the early days of the Peoples＇ Republic of China preceded the Western model of IM by almost 50 years.Several elements that make up the key components of IM as practiced today in the West were already present in the Chinese version of IM,and Chinese medicine has played and continues to play an important role in advancing IM.However,one of the major differences between the Chinese and the Western models of IM today,besides MBM and some other treatment options,is that Western integrative medicine（WIM） strictly requires its CAM methods to be supported by scientific evidence. The therapeutic methods of IM and their applications are many and varied.However,they are most frequently employed to treat chronic medical conditions,e.g.,bronchial asthma,rheumatic disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disorder and chronic pain.Other fields in which IM may be applied are internal medicine（inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases）,musculoskeletal disorders,oncology （chemotherapy-induced side effects）,obstetrics and gynecology（dysmenorrhea,endometriosis,infertility and menopausal complaints）,pediatrics,geriatrics,neurology（migraine and chronic headache）,and psychiatry （anxiety and depression）. The concept of WIM is discussed here in detail by reviewing its scope and implications for the practice of medicine and focusing on the role of Chinese medicine in WIM.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30171167,No.30901945Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20130201130009+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province,No.2012KTCQ03-15Science Research Foundation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,No.YJ(QN)201311)
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide for the treatment of AP.The current evidence from basic research and clinical studies has shown that TCM has good therapeutic effects on AP.This review summarizes the widely used formulas,single herbs and monomers that are used to treat AP and the potential underlying mechanisms of TCM.Because of the abundance,low cost,and safety of TCM as well as its ability to target various aspects of the pathogenesis,TCM provides potential clinical benefits and a new avenue with tremendous potential for the future treatment of AP.
基金Supported by Samsung Medical Center,No.GF01130081Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-2015R1D1A1A01060945Marine Biotechnology Program Funded by Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea,No.20150220
文摘Although the current standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) is sorafenib, many previous studies have established the need for a reliable local modality for PVTT control, which is a major cause of liver function deterioration and metastasis. Additionally, there is growing evidence for the prognostic significance of PVTT classification according to the location of tumor thrombosis. Favorable outcomes can be obtained by applying local modalities, including surgery or transarterial chemoembolization, especially in second-order or distal branch PVTT. Rapid control of PVTT could maintain or improve liver function and reduce intrahepatic as well as distant metastasis. Radiotherapy(RT) is one of the main locoregional treatment modalities in oncologic fields, but has rarely been used in HCC because of concerns regarding hepatic toxicity. However, with the development of advanced techniques, RT has been increasingly applied in HCC management. Randomized studies have yet to definitively prove the benefit of RT, but several comparative studies have justified the application of RT in HCC. The value of RT is especially noticeable in HCC with PVTT; several prospective and retrospective studies have reported favorable outcomes, including a 40% to 60% objective response rate and median overall survival of 15 mo to 20 mo in responders. In this review, we evaluate the role of RT as an alternative local modality in HCC with PVTT.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2007CB407207Knowledge Innovation Project of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,No.CXIOG-A04-10the support from CAS through its "One Hundred Talent" program
文摘Characteristics of soil erosion change along a long slope in the gentle hilly areas in black soil region in Northeast China are discussed. A simplified slope model based on segments was used to analyze the runoff data and soil erosion data observed between 2003 and 2004 over 10 field plots with different slope length in Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province. We found that soil erosion rate over long slopes in the black soil region changed alternatively along the slope and creates alternative zones of intensive erosion and week erosion.The exact place of each zone is different for different rainfall conditions. In a year with less and mild precipitation, rill cannot happen within the top 50 m, while in a year with large and intensive precipitation, rill can be formed starting even at 15 m from the top of the slope.
文摘A Chebyshev fitting way for a propeller atlas across four quadrants is discussed. As an example, Chebyshev polynomial fitting results and its error analysis are given. Because it’s difficult generally to get a propeller atlas across four quadrants, a way is used to construct an alternative with higher accuracy based on the properties. As an application example, an alternative for the propeller property of a Deep Submergence Vehicle across four quadrants is given practically and a simulation model of the four quadrants propeller for dynamic condition is set up. The model lays a foundation for DSV full operating-condition movement simulation. A lot of simulation work shows that the results are very close to the practical data and, therefore, are effective.
文摘A mixture alternative refrigerant to HCFC-22 named THR03 was developed by us.The calculation results of THR03 was compared with HCFC-22 and other alternatives. The standard A/C performance test for THR03 and HCFC-22 in the same air conditioner was done. The flammability and the material compatibility test are also discussed in this paper. It shows that THR03 has zero ODP, low GWP value, non toxicity, non flammability, and good thermal performance. The thermal parameters of THR03 such as the operating temperatures,pressures and volumetric capacity are close to those of HCFC-22. Therefore, THR03 can be applied directly to existing and new air conditioner as "drop-in" alternative.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21822702,21820102008,92053109,and 21432002)the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0505201 and 2019YFA0802201).
文摘The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in plants are not fully understood.CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform of the polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists of CPSF30-S and an m^(6)A-binding YTH domain.Little is known about the biological roles of CPSF30-L and the molecular mechanism underlying its m^(6)A-binding function in alternative polyadenylation.Here,we charac-terized CPSF30-L as an Arabidopsis m^(6)A reader whose m^(6)A-binding function is required for the floral tran-sition and abscisic acid(ABA)response.We found that the m^(6)A-binding activity of CPSF30-L enhances the formation of liquid-like nuclear bodies,where CPSF30-L mainly recognizes m*A-modified far-upstream elements to control polyadenylation site choice.Deficiency of CPSF30-L lengthens the 3'untranslated region of three phenotypes-related transcripts,thereby accelerating their mRNA degradation and leading to late flowering and ABA hypersensitivity.Collectively,this study uncovers a new molecular mechanism for m^(6)A-driven phase separation and polyadenylation in plants.
基金Supported by the Key Disciplines of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50206)Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau Foundation for Traditional Chinese Medicine(No. 2010L071A)+1 种基金the Shanghai Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs(No.08411950400)partially supported by the Wuliqiao Community
文摘Objectives： Knee osteoarthritis （OA） is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Short-term Baduanjin （八段锦） exercise had been testified to be beneficial to the disease. This study conducted an initial assessment of the one-year Baduanjin exercise on knee OA. Methods： The recruited patients practiced Baduanjin at the community recreational center. Sessions were held for 30 min five times a week for one year. Knee pain, stiffness, physical disability, general health, knee extensors and flexors strength, and aerobic ability were measured using the Westem Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index （WOMAC）, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 （SF-36）, the 6-Minute Walk Test （6-MWT）, and the Isoldnetic Strength of the Knee Extensors and Flexors （ISKEF）. Body mass index （BMI） was also calculated before and after the study period for comparison. Results： Twenty-eight patients signed the informed consent. Six patients withdrew from the trial. Twenty-two patients （29 knees） completed the one-year study. After one-year Baduanjin exercise, WOMAC pain （132.0 ± 69.6 vs. 56.2±67.6, P=0.000）, stiffness （64.7±54.8 vs. 22.3±34.6, P=0.000）, and physical function subscales （386.1± 275.8 vs. 182.0 ±235.7, P=0.003）; SF-36 body pain （45.7 ±20.0 vs. 57.4 ±17.9, P=0.005）, general health （50.5± 20.0 vs. 62.1 ±16.1, P=0.004）, role emotional （64.4±26.1 vs. 73.5±21.3, P=0.047）, and health transition （3.3± 1.0 vs. 2.6±1.0, P=0.008）; BMI （25.0±2.9 vs. 24.4±2.9, P=0.032）; 6-MWT （565.7±94.6 vs. 610.5±66.7, P=0.036）; and ISKEF Peak Torque （the Knee Extensors： 60.5 ±25.5 vs. 76.8 ±31, P=0.000; the Knee Flexors： 29.3±15.9 vs. 37.1 ±15.8, P=0.001） were significantly improved. No adverse effects resulted from the exercise. Conclusions： It suggested that the long-term Baduanjin could be a feasible and safe exercise option for knee OA.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31788103 and 31420103912)as well as the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSWSMC030 and GJHZ1602)
文摘Precursor-mRNAs(pre-mRNA) can be processed into one or more mature m RNA isoforms through constitutive or alternative splicing pathways. Constitutive splicing of pre-mRNA plays critical roles in gene expressional regulation, such as intronmediated enhancement(IME), whereas alternative splicing(AS) dramatically increases the protein diversity and gene functional regulation. However, the unavailability of mutants for individual spliced isoforms in plants has been a major limitation in studying the function of mRNA splicing. Here, we describe an efficient tool for manipulating the splicing of plant genes. Using a Cas9-directed base editor, we converted the 5′ splice sites in four Arabidopsis genes from the activated GT form to the inactive AT form. Silencing the AS of HAB 1.1(encoding a type 2 C phosphatase) validated its function in abscisic acid signaling, while perturbing the AS of RS31 A revealed its functional involvement in plant response to genotoxic treatment for the first time. Lastly,altering the constitutive splicing of Act2 via base editing facilitated the analysis of IME. This strategy provides an efficient tool for investigating the function and regulation of gene splicing in plants and other eukaryotes.
