Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models(PTMs) has brought natural language processing(NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language rep...Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models(PTMs) has brought natural language processing(NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning and its research progress. Then we systematically categorize existing PTMs based on a taxonomy from four different perspectives. Next,we describe how to adapt the knowledge of PTMs to downstream tasks. Finally, we outline some potential directions of PTMs for future research. This survey is purposed to be a hands-on guide for understanding, using, and developing PTMs for various NLP tasks.展开更多
英语的名词化往往导至表达的抽象化。G. M. Young曾指出,“an excessive reliance on the noun at the expense Of the verb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now,from when and how a...英语的名词化往往导至表达的抽象化。G. M. Young曾指出,“an excessive reliance on the noun at the expense Of the verb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now,from when and how and in what mood the thing was done, and insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness.”英语的抽象表达法 (method of abstract dillon)主要见于大量使用抽象名词。迷类名词涵义概括,指称笼统,覆盖面广,往往有一种“虚”、“泛”、“暗”、“曲”、“隐”的“魅力”,因而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。如:展开更多
为适应数字化技术发展要求,自动、规范、方便地生成各类试验报告,结合Word文档的模板技术,巧妙运用Word软件的"域"和"宏"两个功能,应用VBA(Visual Basic for Applications)编程,研究了利用Visual Basic语言编写的W...为适应数字化技术发展要求,自动、规范、方便地生成各类试验报告,结合Word文档的模板技术,巧妙运用Word软件的"域"和"宏"两个功能,应用VBA(Visual Basic for Applications)编程,研究了利用Visual Basic语言编写的Word试验报告自动生成软件,分析了此软件的优点和实现方法,重点介绍了对多表格、多图形的处理,以车轮外形试验报告自动生成系统为实例,验证了此方案的实用、有效性,实践表明此方法机制简单、灵活方便、适用范围广。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61751201 and 61672162)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2018SHZDZX01)and ZJLab。
文摘Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models(PTMs) has brought natural language processing(NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning and its research progress. Then we systematically categorize existing PTMs based on a taxonomy from four different perspectives. Next,we describe how to adapt the knowledge of PTMs to downstream tasks. Finally, we outline some potential directions of PTMs for future research. This survey is purposed to be a hands-on guide for understanding, using, and developing PTMs for various NLP tasks.
文摘英语的名词化往往导至表达的抽象化。G. M. Young曾指出,“an excessive reliance on the noun at the expense Of the verb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now,from when and how and in what mood the thing was done, and insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness.”英语的抽象表达法 (method of abstract dillon)主要见于大量使用抽象名词。迷类名词涵义概括,指称笼统,覆盖面广,往往有一种“虚”、“泛”、“暗”、“曲”、“隐”的“魅力”,因而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。如:
文摘为适应数字化技术发展要求,自动、规范、方便地生成各类试验报告,结合Word文档的模板技术,巧妙运用Word软件的"域"和"宏"两个功能,应用VBA(Visual Basic for Applications)编程,研究了利用Visual Basic语言编写的Word试验报告自动生成软件,分析了此软件的优点和实现方法,重点介绍了对多表格、多图形的处理,以车轮外形试验报告自动生成系统为实例,验证了此方案的实用、有效性,实践表明此方法机制简单、灵活方便、适用范围广。
