背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血...背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法:2013年9月至2014年11月行THA患者731例,按TXA的不同用法分为3组:静脉TXA组238例,于手术切皮前完成静脉单次15 mg/kg TXA;局部TXA组136例,于术中3个时点使用总量3 g的TXA;静脉联合局部TXA组357例,于术前使用15 mg/kg TXA,并于术中3个时点使用总量1.5 g的TXA。主要观察指标为总失血量、输血率、术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)及肺栓塞(PE)发生率;次要观察指标为术后引流量、血红蛋白(Hb)下降最大值及伤口并发症发生率。结果结果:静脉联合局部TXA组平均总失血量(819.82±202.82)ml,输血率为1.4%,术后引流量(181.20±37.62)ml,Hb下降最大值(2.95±0.78)g/dl,均明显低于静脉TXA组和局部TXA组,而DVT及症状性PE的发生风险组间比较无统计学差异。静脉TXA组的总失血量、输血率均略低于局部TXA组,两组比较无统计学差异。结论结论:1静脉15 mg/kg TXA、局部3 g TXA及静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA均可有效减少THA失血量和输血率,不增加DVT的发生风险;2静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA的效果明显优于静脉15 mg/kg TXA或局部3 g TXA,推荐使用;3静脉15 mg/kg TXA的效果略优于局部3 g TXA。展开更多
Blood loss during liver transplantation (OLTx) is a common consequence of pre-existing abnormalities of the hemostatic system,portal hypertension with multiple collateral vessels,portal vein thrombosis,previous abdomi...Blood loss during liver transplantation (OLTx) is a common consequence of pre-existing abnormalities of the hemostatic system,portal hypertension with multiple collateral vessels,portal vein thrombosis,previous abdominal surgery,splenomegaly,and poor "functional" recovery of the new liver.The intrinsic coagulopathic features of end stage cirrhosis along with surgical technical difficulties make transfusion-free liver transplantation a major challenge,and,despite the improvements in understanding of intraoperative coagulation profiles and strategies to control blood loss,the requirements for blood or blood products remains high.The impact of blood transfusion has been shown to be significant and independent of other well-known predictors of posttransplant-outcome.Negative effects on immunomodulation and an increased risk of postoperative complications and mortality have been repeatedly demonstrated.Isovolemic hemodilution,the extensive utilization of thromboelastogram and the use of autotransfusion devices are among the commonly adopted procedures to limit the amount of blood transfusion.The use of intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfusion should still be considered an important method to reduce the need for allogenic blood and the associated complications.In this article we report on the common preoperative and intraoperative factors contributing to blood loss,intraoperative transfusion practices,anesthesiologic and surgical strategies to prevent blood loss,and on intraoperative blood salvaging techniques and autologous blood transfusion.Even though the advances in surgical technique and anesthetic management,as well as a better understanding of the risk factors,have resulted in a steady decrease in intraoperative bleeding,most patients still bleed extensively.Blood transfusion therapy is still a critical feature during OLTx and various studies have shown a large variability in the use of blood products among different centers and even among individual anesthesiologists within the same center.展开更多
Previously, both primary and secondary anti-D alloimmunizations induced by "Asian type" DEL (RHD1227A allele) were observed in two incidents. We investigated how often these alloimmunization events occur. Th...Previously, both primary and secondary anti-D alloimmunizations induced by "Asian type" DEL (RHD1227A allele) were observed in two incidents. We investigated how often these alloimmunization events occur. The transfusions of any D-negative patients were investigated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, China, during the entire 2009. The antigens of D, C, c, E, and e were routinely serotyped. The "Asian type" DEL variant was genotyped and the RHD heterozygote was determined through two published methods. The changes in anti-D levels were monitored by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and flow cytometry. Thirty D-negative transfused patients were included in the study. We focused on 11 recipients who were transfused with packed red blood cells (RBCs) from DEL donors at least one time. Of those 11 recipients, seven were anti-D negative before transfusion and four were anti-D positive (one patient with an autoantibody). One of the seven pre-transfusion anti-D negative patients produced a primary-response anti-D after being transfused with 400 ml of DEL blood twice. All four pre-transfusion antibody positive patients were not observed hemoglobin (Hb) levels increased, as expected after transfusions. Two patients had an increase in anti-D from 1:8 to 1:64 by IAT, which was also shown by flow cytometry. None of the patients experienced an acute hemolytic episode. Our data indicated that the primary anti-D induced by DEL transfusion or the secondary anti-D elevated by DEL in a truly D-negative patient might not be unusual. We suggest that a truly D-negative childbearing-aged woman should avoid DEL transfusion to protect her from primary anti-D allosensitization. In addition, anti-D positive recipients should also avoid DEL red cell transfusion due to the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR).展开更多
目的评价在快速康复理念指导下,优化的围术期干预措施综合运用于初次全髋关节置换术的有效性。方法回顾分析2013年1月1日至2015年10月31日我院骨科一个医疗组施行的初次全髋关节置换术资料,根据干预措施的差异分为传统康复组、快速康复...目的评价在快速康复理念指导下,优化的围术期干预措施综合运用于初次全髋关节置换术的有效性。方法回顾分析2013年1月1日至2015年10月31日我院骨科一个医疗组施行的初次全髋关节置换术资料,根据干预措施的差异分为传统康复组、快速康复组及优化快速康复组。比较三组间失血量、输血率、并发症发生率、术后关节活动度、住院天数、住院费用及再入院率的差异。结果共435例纳入本研究。优化快速康复组与传统康复组相比,平均失血量减少91.44 m L,总并发症发生率降低14.05%,平均住院天数减少1.34 d,两组间差异有统计学意义;优化快速康复组及快速康复组与传统康复组相比髋关节的屈曲、外展活动度均增加,且组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义。输血率、各类并发症发生率、住院费用及再入院率亦逐年减少,但三组间的差异无统计学意义。结论快速康复在初次全髋关节置换术的运用重在围术期的管理,在循证医学证据的指导下,通过不断优化、合理运用干预措施,可达到降低并发症发生率、促进功能康复、缩短住院时间的目的。展开更多
文摘背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法:2013年9月至2014年11月行THA患者731例,按TXA的不同用法分为3组:静脉TXA组238例,于手术切皮前完成静脉单次15 mg/kg TXA;局部TXA组136例,于术中3个时点使用总量3 g的TXA;静脉联合局部TXA组357例,于术前使用15 mg/kg TXA,并于术中3个时点使用总量1.5 g的TXA。主要观察指标为总失血量、输血率、术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)及肺栓塞(PE)发生率;次要观察指标为术后引流量、血红蛋白(Hb)下降最大值及伤口并发症发生率。结果结果:静脉联合局部TXA组平均总失血量(819.82±202.82)ml,输血率为1.4%,术后引流量(181.20±37.62)ml,Hb下降最大值(2.95±0.78)g/dl,均明显低于静脉TXA组和局部TXA组,而DVT及症状性PE的发生风险组间比较无统计学差异。静脉TXA组的总失血量、输血率均略低于局部TXA组,两组比较无统计学差异。结论结论:1静脉15 mg/kg TXA、局部3 g TXA及静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA均可有效减少THA失血量和输血率,不增加DVT的发生风险;2静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA的效果明显优于静脉15 mg/kg TXA或局部3 g TXA,推荐使用;3静脉15 mg/kg TXA的效果略优于局部3 g TXA。
文摘Blood loss during liver transplantation (OLTx) is a common consequence of pre-existing abnormalities of the hemostatic system,portal hypertension with multiple collateral vessels,portal vein thrombosis,previous abdominal surgery,splenomegaly,and poor "functional" recovery of the new liver.The intrinsic coagulopathic features of end stage cirrhosis along with surgical technical difficulties make transfusion-free liver transplantation a major challenge,and,despite the improvements in understanding of intraoperative coagulation profiles and strategies to control blood loss,the requirements for blood or blood products remains high.The impact of blood transfusion has been shown to be significant and independent of other well-known predictors of posttransplant-outcome.Negative effects on immunomodulation and an increased risk of postoperative complications and mortality have been repeatedly demonstrated.Isovolemic hemodilution,the extensive utilization of thromboelastogram and the use of autotransfusion devices are among the commonly adopted procedures to limit the amount of blood transfusion.The use of intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfusion should still be considered an important method to reduce the need for allogenic blood and the associated complications.In this article we report on the common preoperative and intraoperative factors contributing to blood loss,intraoperative transfusion practices,anesthesiologic and surgical strategies to prevent blood loss,and on intraoperative blood salvaging techniques and autologous blood transfusion.Even though the advances in surgical technique and anesthetic management,as well as a better understanding of the risk factors,have resulted in a steady decrease in intraoperative bleeding,most patients still bleed extensively.Blood transfusion therapy is still a critical feature during OLTx and various studies have shown a large variability in the use of blood products among different centers and even among individual anesthesiologists within the same center.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30670893)the Foundation of Science and Technology Development Scheme of Shaanxi Province (No. 2010K16-01-12), China
文摘Previously, both primary and secondary anti-D alloimmunizations induced by "Asian type" DEL (RHD1227A allele) were observed in two incidents. We investigated how often these alloimmunization events occur. The transfusions of any D-negative patients were investigated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, China, during the entire 2009. The antigens of D, C, c, E, and e were routinely serotyped. The "Asian type" DEL variant was genotyped and the RHD heterozygote was determined through two published methods. The changes in anti-D levels were monitored by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and flow cytometry. Thirty D-negative transfused patients were included in the study. We focused on 11 recipients who were transfused with packed red blood cells (RBCs) from DEL donors at least one time. Of those 11 recipients, seven were anti-D negative before transfusion and four were anti-D positive (one patient with an autoantibody). One of the seven pre-transfusion anti-D negative patients produced a primary-response anti-D after being transfused with 400 ml of DEL blood twice. All four pre-transfusion antibody positive patients were not observed hemoglobin (Hb) levels increased, as expected after transfusions. Two patients had an increase in anti-D from 1:8 to 1:64 by IAT, which was also shown by flow cytometry. None of the patients experienced an acute hemolytic episode. Our data indicated that the primary anti-D induced by DEL transfusion or the secondary anti-D elevated by DEL in a truly D-negative patient might not be unusual. We suggest that a truly D-negative childbearing-aged woman should avoid DEL transfusion to protect her from primary anti-D allosensitization. In addition, anti-D positive recipients should also avoid DEL red cell transfusion due to the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR).
文摘目的评价在快速康复理念指导下,优化的围术期干预措施综合运用于初次全髋关节置换术的有效性。方法回顾分析2013年1月1日至2015年10月31日我院骨科一个医疗组施行的初次全髋关节置换术资料,根据干预措施的差异分为传统康复组、快速康复组及优化快速康复组。比较三组间失血量、输血率、并发症发生率、术后关节活动度、住院天数、住院费用及再入院率的差异。结果共435例纳入本研究。优化快速康复组与传统康复组相比,平均失血量减少91.44 m L,总并发症发生率降低14.05%,平均住院天数减少1.34 d,两组间差异有统计学意义;优化快速康复组及快速康复组与传统康复组相比髋关节的屈曲、外展活动度均增加,且组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义。输血率、各类并发症发生率、住院费用及再入院率亦逐年减少,但三组间的差异无统计学意义。结论快速康复在初次全髋关节置换术的运用重在围术期的管理,在循证医学证据的指导下,通过不断优化、合理运用干预措施,可达到降低并发症发生率、促进功能康复、缩短住院时间的目的。
