Grain boundary diffusion(GBD)process is an important approach for producing Nd-Fe-B magnets with high coercivity and high thermal stability.The GBD for hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with nanocrystalline micro structure...Grain boundary diffusion(GBD)process is an important approach for producing Nd-Fe-B magnets with high coercivity and high thermal stability.The GBD for hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with nanocrystalline micro structure is more complicated compared to sintered magnets.Here,we investigated the effects of different GBD methods,i.e.,intergranular addition(in-situ GBD 1#),in-situ GBD from magnet surface during hot pressing and hot deformation(in-situ GBD 2#),and conventional GBD,on the magnetic properties and microstructure of hot deformed magnets.After the treatment by these three GBD approaches using 2 wt%Pr_(40)Tb_(30)Cu_(30)diffusion source,the coercivity of the hot-deformed magnet increases from 1281 to 1567,1412 and 2022 kA/m,respectively.The coercivity enhancement is attributed to the formation of local(Nd,Tb)2Fe14B phase with stro ng magnetic anisotropy.Reduced grain orientation is found in both in-situ GBD 1#and conventional GBD treated samples mainly due to the local stress state variation and the rotation of platelet grains.Interestingly,the in-situ GBD 2#processed sample has a high orientation at diffusion surface,which may be caused by the modified surface state of the magnet by the diffusion source.Compared with the in-situ GBD processes,the conventional GBD exhibits a higher utilization efficiency of Tb.Since the in-situ GBD is effective to treat thick hot-deformed magnets,further effort should be aimed at enhancing its diffusion efficiency.展开更多
Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrim...Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrimental electron conduction preventing their application as ion conductors.Here,REH_(x)(RE=Nd,Ce,and Pr)with varied grain sizes,rich grain boundaries,and defects have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent sintering.The electronic conductivity of the ball-milled REH_(x)samples can be reduced by 2-4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-ball-milled samples.The relationship of electron conduction and miscrostructures in REH_(x)is studied and discussed based on experimental data and previously-proposed classical and quantum theories.The H-conductivity of all REH_(x)is about 10^(-4)to 10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at room temperature,showing promise for the development of H-conductors and their applications in clean energy storage and conversion.展开更多
采用不同腐蚀剂对热轧态和时效态5Cr21Mn9Ni4N耐热钢进行腐蚀,研究了不同腐蚀剂对5Cr21Mn9Ni4N钢腐蚀效果的影响。结果表明:传统的硝酸乙醇溶液无法腐蚀试样,试样表面无任何变化;三氯化铁盐酸水溶液无法使试样显示清晰完整的组织及晶界...采用不同腐蚀剂对热轧态和时效态5Cr21Mn9Ni4N耐热钢进行腐蚀,研究了不同腐蚀剂对5Cr21Mn9Ni4N钢腐蚀效果的影响。结果表明:传统的硝酸乙醇溶液无法腐蚀试样,试样表面无任何变化;三氯化铁盐酸水溶液无法使试样显示清晰完整的组织及晶界,且存在过度腐蚀现象;采用5 g FeCl_(3)+50 mL HCl+100 mL H_(2)O腐蚀剂与10 g CuSO_(4)+15 mL H_(2)SO_(4)+100 mL HCl+5 mL C_(3)H_(8)O_(3)腐蚀剂配合使用,在室温下对热轧态及时效态5Cr21Mn9Ni4N钢进行腐蚀,能够清晰显示材料的奥氏体组织。展开更多
Deformation behavior at grain levels greatly affects the machining characteristics of crystalline materials.In the present work,we investigate the influence of material anisotropy on ultra-precision diamond cutting of...Deformation behavior at grain levels greatly affects the machining characteristics of crystalline materials.In the present work,we investigate the influence of material anisotropy on ultra-precision diamond cutting of single crystalline and polycrystalline copper by experiments and crystal plasticity finite element simulations.Specifically,diamond turning and in situ SEM orthogonal cutting experiments are carried out to provide direct experimental evidence of the material anisotropy-dependent cutting results in terms of machined surface morphology and chip profile.Corresponding numerical simulations with the analysis of built stress further validate experimental results and reveal the mechanisms governing the material anisotropy influence.The above findings provide insight into the fabrication of ultra-smooth surfaces of polycrystalline metals by ultraprecision diamond turning.展开更多
It is difficult to obtain nanoscale grain size and strong texture in hot-deformed magnets simultaneously,which is responsible for the low magnetic properties of nanocrystalline magnets.In this study,a strong texture w...It is difficult to obtain nanoscale grain size and strong texture in hot-deformed magnets simultaneously,which is responsible for the low magnetic properties of nanocrystalline magnets.In this study,a strong texture was realized in a nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnet via a high-stress low-temperature rapid deformation.Strong texture formation is ascribed to the high stress,which promotes the preferential growth of grains by increasing strain energy anisotropy.The nanocrystalline formation is ascribed to the low deformation temperature(below the melting point of the Nd-rich phase)and short deformation time.The effects of deformation temperature and applied stresses on the microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated in detail.Thus,the highest maximum energy product of 43.3 MGOe is obtained.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2052,51774146)。
文摘Grain boundary diffusion(GBD)process is an important approach for producing Nd-Fe-B magnets with high coercivity and high thermal stability.The GBD for hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with nanocrystalline micro structure is more complicated compared to sintered magnets.Here,we investigated the effects of different GBD methods,i.e.,intergranular addition(in-situ GBD 1#),in-situ GBD from magnet surface during hot pressing and hot deformation(in-situ GBD 2#),and conventional GBD,on the magnetic properties and microstructure of hot deformed magnets.After the treatment by these three GBD approaches using 2 wt%Pr_(40)Tb_(30)Cu_(30)diffusion source,the coercivity of the hot-deformed magnet increases from 1281 to 1567,1412 and 2022 kA/m,respectively.The coercivity enhancement is attributed to the formation of local(Nd,Tb)2Fe14B phase with stro ng magnetic anisotropy.Reduced grain orientation is found in both in-situ GBD 1#and conventional GBD treated samples mainly due to the local stress state variation and the rotation of platelet grains.Interestingly,the in-situ GBD 2#processed sample has a high orientation at diffusion surface,which may be caused by the modified surface state of the magnet by the diffusion source.Compared with the in-situ GBD processes,the conventional GBD exhibits a higher utilization efficiency of Tb.Since the in-situ GBD is effective to treat thick hot-deformed magnets,further effort should be aimed at enhancing its diffusion efficiency.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB4000602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21988101,22279130,21633011)+1 种基金the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2023RJ016)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(x LYC2002076)。
文摘Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrimental electron conduction preventing their application as ion conductors.Here,REH_(x)(RE=Nd,Ce,and Pr)with varied grain sizes,rich grain boundaries,and defects have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent sintering.The electronic conductivity of the ball-milled REH_(x)samples can be reduced by 2-4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-ball-milled samples.The relationship of electron conduction and miscrostructures in REH_(x)is studied and discussed based on experimental data and previously-proposed classical and quantum theories.The H-conductivity of all REH_(x)is about 10^(-4)to 10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at room temperature,showing promise for the development of H-conductors and their applications in clean energy storage and conversion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261011)Industrial Support Program for Higher Education Institutions in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-19)Gansu Province Key R&D Program Projects(21YF5GD186)。
文摘采用不同腐蚀剂对热轧态和时效态5Cr21Mn9Ni4N耐热钢进行腐蚀,研究了不同腐蚀剂对5Cr21Mn9Ni4N钢腐蚀效果的影响。结果表明:传统的硝酸乙醇溶液无法腐蚀试样,试样表面无任何变化;三氯化铁盐酸水溶液无法使试样显示清晰完整的组织及晶界,且存在过度腐蚀现象;采用5 g FeCl_(3)+50 mL HCl+100 mL H_(2)O腐蚀剂与10 g CuSO_(4)+15 mL H_(2)SO_(4)+100 mL HCl+5 mL C_(3)H_(8)O_(3)腐蚀剂配合使用,在室温下对热轧态及时效态5Cr21Mn9Ni4N钢进行腐蚀,能够清晰显示材料的奥氏体组织。
基金The authors greatly acknowledge support from the Science Challenge Project(Nos.TZ2018006-0201-02 and TZ2018006-0205-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Deformation behavior at grain levels greatly affects the machining characteristics of crystalline materials.In the present work,we investigate the influence of material anisotropy on ultra-precision diamond cutting of single crystalline and polycrystalline copper by experiments and crystal plasticity finite element simulations.Specifically,diamond turning and in situ SEM orthogonal cutting experiments are carried out to provide direct experimental evidence of the material anisotropy-dependent cutting results in terms of machined surface morphology and chip profile.Corresponding numerical simulations with the analysis of built stress further validate experimental results and reveal the mechanisms governing the material anisotropy influence.The above findings provide insight into the fabrication of ultra-smooth surfaces of polycrystalline metals by ultraprecision diamond turning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51931007,51971196,52071279,52101234)。
文摘It is difficult to obtain nanoscale grain size and strong texture in hot-deformed magnets simultaneously,which is responsible for the low magnetic properties of nanocrystalline magnets.In this study,a strong texture was realized in a nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnet via a high-stress low-temperature rapid deformation.Strong texture formation is ascribed to the high stress,which promotes the preferential growth of grains by increasing strain energy anisotropy.The nanocrystalline formation is ascribed to the low deformation temperature(below the melting point of the Nd-rich phase)and short deformation time.The effects of deformation temperature and applied stresses on the microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated in detail.Thus,the highest maximum energy product of 43.3 MGOe is obtained.