The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this ...The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician radiation and dissect four principal aspects by synthesizing the studies over the past years: (1) relationships of the radiation to fossil clades, ecotypes, and environments, such as water depth, latitude, and climate; (2) the ecological structure and food webs of Ordovician marine organisms; (3) fossil records and true biodiversities; and (4) likely triggering and controlling factors of the Ordovician radiation. The authors also recommend approaches to furthering studies of these aspects.展开更多
目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献...目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献。利用CiteSpace软件对这些文献进行了可视化分析,从多个维度和角度总结了该领域的关键词及其聚类等信息。结果:这些文献反映出该领域的研究呈现出动态的、不断发展的趋势,吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣。在国家/机构分布方面,中国、美国和印度等国发文量较高,而英国和印度等国的发文中心性较强。关键词分析发现,紫外线辐射、氧化应激、类霉菌素氨基酸、抗氧化活性等方面是该领域的研究热点,而DNA损伤、光保护和卟啉-334等突现关键词则具有研究潜力。聚类分析发现,紫外线辐射防护、类霉菌素氨基酸、谷氨酸和辅助放疗是该领域的主要研究方向,并整理出各种辐射防护相关的氨基酸及其衍生物。结论:通过对氨基酸辐射防护领域的现状、热点及趋势进行的可视化,为未来的氨基酸食品的开发和辐射防护的研究提供有价值的指导与展望。自核废水事件引发广泛关注后,市场对于天然无害的辐射防护产品需求激增,特别是氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发潜力巨大。但目前氨基酸辐射保护作用的构效或机制研究并不深入,仍需要加强多机构合作、多中心交流、聚焦研究热点关键词,助力氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发。在核污水不断蔓延的背景下,以食品科技为盾,守护人类的身体健康。展开更多
The radioactivity measurements in food crops and their diet derivatives and farm soil samples from Abeokuta, one of the elevated background radiation areas in Nigeria have been carried out in order to determine the co...The radioactivity measurements in food crops and their diet derivatives and farm soil samples from Abeokuta, one of the elevated background radiation areas in Nigeria have been carried out in order to determine the concentration levels of natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th). The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides in the samples were determined via gamma-ray spectrometry using a 76 mm × 76 mm NaI(Tl) detector. Different common food crops representing the major sources of dietary requirements to the local population were collected for the measurements. The collected food crops were prepared into their different derivable composite diets using preparation techniques locale to the population. Using available food consumption data and the activity concentrations of the radionuclides, the ingestion effective doses were evaluated for the food crops and diet types per preparation techniques. For the tuberous food crop samples, the annual ingestion effective doses in the raw and different composite diets were 0.02 - 0.04 μSv and cumulatively 0.04 - 0.05 μSv while in the non-tuberous crops the doses were 0.44 - 0.70 μSv and cumulatively greater than 1 μSv respectively. Results of the study indicate that method of diet preparation is seen to play a major role in population ingestion dose reduction especially for tuberous crops than in non-tuberous crops. The study also showed that more ingestion dose could be incurred in diets prepared by roasting techniques. The result of the study will serve as a useful radiometric data for future epidemiological studies in the area and for food safety regulations and policy implementations in the country.展开更多
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) from cold-chain foods to frontline workers poses a serious public health threat during the current global pandemic. There is an urgent need to ...The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) from cold-chain foods to frontline workers poses a serious public health threat during the current global pandemic. There is an urgent need to design concise approaches for effective virus inactivation under different physicochemical conditions to reduce the risk of contagion through viral contaminated surfaces of cold-chain foods. By employing a time course of electron beam exposure to a high titer of SARS-CoV-2 at cold-chain temperatures, a radiation dose of 2 kGy was demonstrated to reduce the viral titer from 10^(4.5)to 0 median tissue culture infectious dose(TCID_(50))/mL. Next,using human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43) as a suitable SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, 3 kGy of high-energy electron radiation was defined as the inactivation dose for a titer reduction of more than 4 log units on tested packaging materials. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to test three viral genes,namely, E, N, and ORF1ab. There was a strong correlation between TCID50and RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2detection. However, RT-qPCR could not differentiate between the infectivity of the radiation-inactivated and nonirradiated control viruses. As the defined radiation dose for effective viral inactivation fell far below the upper safe dose limit for food processing, our results provide a basis for designing radiation-based approaches for the decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 in frozen food products. We further demonstrate that cell-based virus assays are essential to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficiency for the decontaminating strategies.展开更多
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-122)Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Nos. 2006CB806402, 2006FY120300-4)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40532009)
文摘The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician radiation and dissect four principal aspects by synthesizing the studies over the past years: (1) relationships of the radiation to fossil clades, ecotypes, and environments, such as water depth, latitude, and climate; (2) the ecological structure and food webs of Ordovician marine organisms; (3) fossil records and true biodiversities; and (4) likely triggering and controlling factors of the Ordovician radiation. The authors also recommend approaches to furthering studies of these aspects.
文摘目的:本研究利用CiteSpace软件对近10年来氨基酸辐射防护领域的文献进行计量学分析,探讨该领域的形成、发展、热点和趋势。方法:数据源为Web of Science数据库中经过去重和筛选的核心合集,包含了与辐射损伤相关的氨基酸研究的413篇文献。利用CiteSpace软件对这些文献进行了可视化分析,从多个维度和角度总结了该领域的关键词及其聚类等信息。结果:这些文献反映出该领域的研究呈现出动态的、不断发展的趋势,吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣。在国家/机构分布方面,中国、美国和印度等国发文量较高,而英国和印度等国的发文中心性较强。关键词分析发现,紫外线辐射、氧化应激、类霉菌素氨基酸、抗氧化活性等方面是该领域的研究热点,而DNA损伤、光保护和卟啉-334等突现关键词则具有研究潜力。聚类分析发现,紫外线辐射防护、类霉菌素氨基酸、谷氨酸和辅助放疗是该领域的主要研究方向,并整理出各种辐射防护相关的氨基酸及其衍生物。结论:通过对氨基酸辐射防护领域的现状、热点及趋势进行的可视化,为未来的氨基酸食品的开发和辐射防护的研究提供有价值的指导与展望。自核废水事件引发广泛关注后,市场对于天然无害的辐射防护产品需求激增,特别是氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发潜力巨大。但目前氨基酸辐射保护作用的构效或机制研究并不深入,仍需要加强多机构合作、多中心交流、聚焦研究热点关键词,助力氨基酸辐射防护食品的开发。在核污水不断蔓延的背景下,以食品科技为盾,守护人类的身体健康。
文摘The radioactivity measurements in food crops and their diet derivatives and farm soil samples from Abeokuta, one of the elevated background radiation areas in Nigeria have been carried out in order to determine the concentration levels of natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th). The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides in the samples were determined via gamma-ray spectrometry using a 76 mm × 76 mm NaI(Tl) detector. Different common food crops representing the major sources of dietary requirements to the local population were collected for the measurements. The collected food crops were prepared into their different derivable composite diets using preparation techniques locale to the population. Using available food consumption data and the activity concentrations of the radionuclides, the ingestion effective doses were evaluated for the food crops and diet types per preparation techniques. For the tuberous food crop samples, the annual ingestion effective doses in the raw and different composite diets were 0.02 - 0.04 μSv and cumulatively 0.04 - 0.05 μSv while in the non-tuberous crops the doses were 0.44 - 0.70 μSv and cumulatively greater than 1 μSv respectively. Results of the study indicate that method of diet preparation is seen to play a major role in population ingestion dose reduction especially for tuberous crops than in non-tuberous crops. The study also showed that more ingestion dose could be incurred in diets prepared by roasting techniques. The result of the study will serve as a useful radiometric data for future epidemiological studies in the area and for food safety regulations and policy implementations in the country.
基金supported by a grant from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB29040000)the Industrial innovation team grant from Foshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070163, 81761128002, 81871297)the China ATOMIC energy authority, Foshan High-level Hospital construction DengFeng plan and Guangdong Province biomedical innovation platform construction project tumor immunobiotherapy
文摘The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) from cold-chain foods to frontline workers poses a serious public health threat during the current global pandemic. There is an urgent need to design concise approaches for effective virus inactivation under different physicochemical conditions to reduce the risk of contagion through viral contaminated surfaces of cold-chain foods. By employing a time course of electron beam exposure to a high titer of SARS-CoV-2 at cold-chain temperatures, a radiation dose of 2 kGy was demonstrated to reduce the viral titer from 10^(4.5)to 0 median tissue culture infectious dose(TCID_(50))/mL. Next,using human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43) as a suitable SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, 3 kGy of high-energy electron radiation was defined as the inactivation dose for a titer reduction of more than 4 log units on tested packaging materials. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to test three viral genes,namely, E, N, and ORF1ab. There was a strong correlation between TCID50and RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2detection. However, RT-qPCR could not differentiate between the infectivity of the radiation-inactivated and nonirradiated control viruses. As the defined radiation dose for effective viral inactivation fell far below the upper safe dose limit for food processing, our results provide a basis for designing radiation-based approaches for the decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 in frozen food products. We further demonstrate that cell-based virus assays are essential to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficiency for the decontaminating strategies.
