带状疱疹(HZ)是一种由潜伏在人体脊髓背根神经节中的水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)再激活、复制引起的感染性皮肤病。HZ发病机制尚未完全明确,在VZV分子特征和功能方面,沉默即刻早期蛋白(immediate early protein,IE)基因是引起病毒复制、激...带状疱疹(HZ)是一种由潜伏在人体脊髓背根神经节中的水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)再激活、复制引起的感染性皮肤病。HZ发病机制尚未完全明确,在VZV分子特征和功能方面,沉默即刻早期蛋白(immediate early protein,IE)基因是引起病毒复制、激活的关键;在免疫应答方面,特异性细胞免疫抑制是VZV再激活和发生播散的主要原因。VZV被相关模式识别受体识别后激活信号传导通路,诱导炎症因子的产生发挥抗病毒作用,同时间接激活T淋巴细胞介导的免疫应答,共同引起皮肤和神经组织的损伤,发展为HZ。本文综述了HZ发病机制的研究进展。展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains e...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains enigmatic. In contrast to infection of B lymphocytes, EBV infection does not directly transform nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones with malignant potential. EBV infection of normal pharyngeal epithelial cells is predominantly lytic in nature. Genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium, in combination with inflammatory stimulation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, presumably play essential roles in the establishment of a latent EBV infection in infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during the early development of NPC. Establishment of latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and expression of latent viral genes, including the BART transcripts and BART-encoded micro RNAs, are crucial features of NPC. Expression of EBV genes may drive further malignant transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. The difficulties involved in the establishment of NPC cell lines and the progressive loss of EBV epsiomes in NPC cells propagated in culture strongly implicate the contribution of host stromal components to the growth of NPC cells in vivo and maintenance of EBV in infected NPC cells. Defining the growth advantages of EBV-infected NPC cells in vivo will lead to a better understanding of the contribution of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.展开更多
文摘带状疱疹(HZ)是一种由潜伏在人体脊髓背根神经节中的水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)再激活、复制引起的感染性皮肤病。HZ发病机制尚未完全明确,在VZV分子特征和功能方面,沉默即刻早期蛋白(immediate early protein,IE)基因是引起病毒复制、激活的关键;在免疫应答方面,特异性细胞免疫抑制是VZV再激活和发生播散的主要原因。VZV被相关模式识别受体识别后激活信号传导通路,诱导炎症因子的产生发挥抗病毒作用,同时间接激活T淋巴细胞介导的免疫应答,共同引起皮肤和神经组织的损伤,发展为HZ。本文综述了HZ发病机制的研究进展。
基金the generous funding sources for the above study:the Health and Medical Research Fund (Grant No HMRF: 12110942 and 13120872) to CMTGRF grants from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (17120814,779713,779312,780911,779810)+1 种基金Ao E NPC (Grant No. Ao E/M-06/08)the Theme-Based Research Scheme (Grant No. T12401/13-R) to SWT
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains enigmatic. In contrast to infection of B lymphocytes, EBV infection does not directly transform nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones with malignant potential. EBV infection of normal pharyngeal epithelial cells is predominantly lytic in nature. Genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium, in combination with inflammatory stimulation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, presumably play essential roles in the establishment of a latent EBV infection in infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during the early development of NPC. Establishment of latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and expression of latent viral genes, including the BART transcripts and BART-encoded micro RNAs, are crucial features of NPC. Expression of EBV genes may drive further malignant transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. The difficulties involved in the establishment of NPC cell lines and the progressive loss of EBV epsiomes in NPC cells propagated in culture strongly implicate the contribution of host stromal components to the growth of NPC cells in vivo and maintenance of EBV in infected NPC cells. Defining the growth advantages of EBV-infected NPC cells in vivo will lead to a better understanding of the contribution of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
