The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In th...The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.展开更多
Due to occasionally changing natural environment,plants are always threatened by drought, waterlogging ,high or low temperature,acidity,saline-alkali and so on.Therefore,the physiological,biochemical and ecological st...Due to occasionally changing natural environment,plants are always threatened by drought, waterlogging ,high or low temperature,acidity,saline-alkali and so on.Therefore,the physiological,biochemical and ecological studies on plants under environmental stress have become a hot field.Much research indicates that AM can improve the ability of plants to resist environmental stress.This article briefly reviewed the recent studies about the effects of AM on resistance of plants to environmental stress,especially to drought,saline and acidity,and the possible physiological and biochemical mechanisms are discussed as well.展开更多
Soil microorganisms play a central role in decomposing organic matter, in determining the release of mineral nutrients, and in nutrient cycling. Recently, extensive studies have focused on soil microbial diversity. Ho...Soil microorganisms play a central role in decomposing organic matter, in determining the release of mineral nutrients, and in nutrient cycling. Recently, extensive studies have focused on soil microbial diversity. However, understanding the diversity of this complex microbial community in the soil environment is a challenging task. Thus, it is important to master and comprehend appropriate methods for studying soil microbial diversity. Concepts of soil microbial diversity and major methods of study are briefly introduced in this paper. Then, the application of biochemical-based and molecular-based techniques in this area, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Based on recent related research, perspectives for studying microbial diversity in soils are presented.展开更多
Longterm continuous straw mulch no tillage increased soil total and active microbial biomass and activities.Tillage methods influenced soil bacterial and fungal biomass and activities.Conventional tillage increased so...Longterm continuous straw mulch no tillage increased soil total and active microbial biomass and activities.Tillage methods influenced soil bacterial and fungal biomass and activities.Conventional tillage increased soil bacterial biomass,but the shapes and distributions of soil bacteria differed insignificantly for different tillage soils.No tillage increased soil total and active hyphal length and biomass.The bacterial and fungal contributions to respiration differed remarkably for tillage method experimental soils.Conventional tillage surface soil layer concentrated largely fungal component,while no tillage soil had much bacterial activities.It showed that soil microbial activity and is not consistent with biomass and its composition in different tillage method soils.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1802231&31701978)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)+2 种基金The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)LWZ and ZLY thanks to the financial supports by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2017240)the Yunling scholars funds of Yunnan Provincial Government,respectively.
文摘The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.
文摘Due to occasionally changing natural environment,plants are always threatened by drought, waterlogging ,high or low temperature,acidity,saline-alkali and so on.Therefore,the physiological,biochemical and ecological studies on plants under environmental stress have become a hot field.Much research indicates that AM can improve the ability of plants to resist environmental stress.This article briefly reviewed the recent studies about the effects of AM on resistance of plants to environmental stress,especially to drought,saline and acidity,and the possible physiological and biochemical mechanisms are discussed as well.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2002CB111505).
文摘Soil microorganisms play a central role in decomposing organic matter, in determining the release of mineral nutrients, and in nutrient cycling. Recently, extensive studies have focused on soil microbial diversity. However, understanding the diversity of this complex microbial community in the soil environment is a challenging task. Thus, it is important to master and comprehend appropriate methods for studying soil microbial diversity. Concepts of soil microbial diversity and major methods of study are briefly introduced in this paper. Then, the application of biochemical-based and molecular-based techniques in this area, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Based on recent related research, perspectives for studying microbial diversity in soils are presented.
文摘Longterm continuous straw mulch no tillage increased soil total and active microbial biomass and activities.Tillage methods influenced soil bacterial and fungal biomass and activities.Conventional tillage increased soil bacterial biomass,but the shapes and distributions of soil bacteria differed insignificantly for different tillage soils.No tillage increased soil total and active hyphal length and biomass.The bacterial and fungal contributions to respiration differed remarkably for tillage method experimental soils.Conventional tillage surface soil layer concentrated largely fungal component,while no tillage soil had much bacterial activities.It showed that soil microbial activity and is not consistent with biomass and its composition in different tillage method soils.
