The Godson project is the first attempt to design high performancegeneral-purpose microprocessors in China. This paper introduces the microarchitecture of theGodson-2 processor which is a 64-bit, 4-issue, out-of-order...The Godson project is the first attempt to design high performancegeneral-purpose microprocessors in China. This paper introduces the microarchitecture of theGodson-2 processor which is a 64-bit, 4-issue, out-of-order execution RISC processor that implementsthe 64-bit MIPS-like instruction set. The adoption of the aggressive out-of-order executiontechniques (such as register mapping, branch prediction, and dynamic scheduling) and cachetechniques (such as non-blocking cache, load speculation, dynamic memory disambiguation) helps theGodson-2 processor to achieve high performance even at not so high frequency. The Godson-2 processorhas been physically implemented on a 6-metal 0.18 μm CMOS technology based on the automaticplacing and routing flow with the help of some crafted library cells and macros. The area of thechip is 6,700 micrometers by 6,200 micrometers and the clock cycle at typical corner is 2.3 ns.展开更多
This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)g...This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)grid.The DC CFC consists of two identical full bridge DC-DC converters with the capacitors of the two converters being connected in parallel.The scalability of the DC CFC is easily achievable due to the identical bridge converter topology;the cost of this DC CFC is also relatively low due to its simple physical structure and low voltage ratings.The control performance of the DC CFC is tested on a meshed 3-terminal(3-T)HVDC grid,which is based on modular multilevel converters(MMC).The DC branch current control in the meshed MTDC grid is achieved using the proposed control strategy of the DC CFC,and is verified through case studies on the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).展开更多
The existing estimates of the volume transport from the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea are summarized, showing an annual mean westward transport, with the Taiwan Strait outflow subtracted, of 3.5±2.0 Sv （1...The existing estimates of the volume transport from the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea are summarized, showing an annual mean westward transport, with the Taiwan Strait outflow subtracted, of 3.5±2.0 Sv （1 Sv=-0^6 ma s^-1）. Results of a global ocean circulation model show an annual mean transport of 3.9 Sv from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the South China Sea. The boreal winter transport is larger and exhibits a South China Sea branch of the Pacific-to-Indian Ocean throughflow, which originates from the western Philippine Sea toward the Indonesian Seas through the South China Sea, as well as through the Karimata and Mindoro Straits. The southwestward current near the continental slope of the northern South China Sea is shown to be a combination of this branch and the interior circulation gyre. This winter branch can be confirmed by trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters, which clearly show a flow from the Luzon Strait to the Karimata Strait in winter. In summer, the flow in the Karimata Strait is reversed. Numerical model results indicate that the Pacific water can enter the South China Sea and exit toward the Sulu Sea, but no observational evidence is available. The roles of the throughiiow branch in the circulation, water properties and air-sea exchange of the South China Sea, and in enhancing and regulating the volume transport and reducing the heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow, are discussed.展开更多
Using SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)markers a genetic linkage map of cucumber was constructed with a population consisting of 138 F_(2) individuals derived from a cross of the two cucumber lines,S06 and...Using SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)markers a genetic linkage map of cucumber was constructed with a population consisting of 138 F_(2) individuals derived from a cross of the two cucumber lines,S06 and S52.In the survey of parental polymorphisms with 182 primer combinations,64 polymorphism-revealing primer pairs were screened out,which generated totally 108 polymorphic bands with an average of 1.7 bands per primer pair and at most 6 bands from one primer pair.The constructed molecular linkage map included 92 loci,distributed in seven linkage groups and spanning 1164.2 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 12.6 cM between two neighboring loci.Based on this linkage map,the quantitative trait loci(QTL)for the lateral branch number(lbn)and the lateral branch average length(lbl)in cucumber were identified by QTLMapper1.6.A major QTL lbn1 located between ME11SA4B and ME5EM5 in LG2 could explain 10.63%of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S06.A major QTL lbl1 located between DC1OD3 and DC1EM14 in LG2 could account for 10.38%of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S_(06).展开更多
BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placeme...BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placement. It has been reported that the right branch mainly receives superior mesenteric venous blood while the left branch mainly receives blood from the splenic vein. We hypothesized that targeted puncture of the left portal vein would divert the non-nutritive blood from the splenic vein into the TIPS shunt; therefore, targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE.AIM To evaluate the influence of targeted puncture of left branch of portal vein in TIPS on HE.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1244 patients with portal-hypertension-related complications of refractory ascites or variceal bleeding who underwent TIPS from January 2000 to January 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into group A(targeting left branch of portal vein, n = 937) and group B(targeting right branch of portal vein, n = 307). TIPS-related HE and clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS The symptoms of ascites and variceal bleeding disappeared within a short time.By the endpoint of follow-up, recurrent bleeding and ascites did not differ significantly between groups A and B(P = 0.278, P = 0.561, respectively).Incidence of HE differed significantly between groups A and B at 1 mo(14.94% vs36.80%, χ~2 = 4.839, P = 0.028), 3 mo(12.48% vs 34.20%, χ~2 = 5.054, P = 0.025), 6 mo(10.03% vs 32.24%, χ~2 = 6.560, P = 0.010), 9 mo(9.17% vs 31.27%, χ~2 = 5.357, P =0.021), and 12 mo(8.21% vs 28.01, χ~2 = 3.848, P = 0.051). There were no significant differences between groups A and B at 3 years(6.61% vs 7.16%, χ~2 = 1.204, P =0.272) and 5 years(5.01% vs 6.18%, χ~2 = 0.072, P = 0.562). The total survival rate did not differ between groups A and B(χ~2 = 0.226, P = 0.634, log-rank test).CONCLUSION Targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may 展开更多
文摘The Godson project is the first attempt to design high performancegeneral-purpose microprocessors in China. This paper introduces the microarchitecture of theGodson-2 processor which is a 64-bit, 4-issue, out-of-order execution RISC processor that implementsthe 64-bit MIPS-like instruction set. The adoption of the aggressive out-of-order executiontechniques (such as register mapping, branch prediction, and dynamic scheduling) and cachetechniques (such as non-blocking cache, load speculation, dynamic memory disambiguation) helps theGodson-2 processor to achieve high performance even at not so high frequency. The Godson-2 processorhas been physically implemented on a 6-metal 0.18 μm CMOS technology based on the automaticplacing and routing flow with the help of some crafted library cells and macros. The area of thechip is 6,700 micrometers by 6,200 micrometers and the clock cycle at typical corner is 2.3 ns.
基金supported by UK-China Smart Grid Project ERIFT via UK EPSRC,University of Birmingham SiGuang Li Scholarship and China Scholarship Council。
文摘This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)grid.The DC CFC consists of two identical full bridge DC-DC converters with the capacitors of the two converters being connected in parallel.The scalability of the DC CFC is easily achievable due to the identical bridge converter topology;the cost of this DC CFC is also relatively low due to its simple physical structure and low voltage ratings.The control performance of the DC CFC is tested on a meshed 3-terminal(3-T)HVDC grid,which is based on modular multilevel converters(MMC).The DC branch current control in the meshed MTDC grid is achieved using the proposed control strategy of the DC CFC,and is verified through case studies on the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).
基金the National Science Foundation of China through Grants Nos.40520140074,40136010(for G.Fang),40476016(for Z.Wei)partly supported by The National Science Foundation(U.S.A)through Grant OCE-02-19782 and ONR Grants Nos.014041.0698,014051—0272(for R.D.Susanto)partly supported b oNR through Grants 040611-8331,050303-7499(for Q.Zheng).
文摘The existing estimates of the volume transport from the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea are summarized, showing an annual mean westward transport, with the Taiwan Strait outflow subtracted, of 3.5±2.0 Sv （1 Sv=-0^6 ma s^-1）. Results of a global ocean circulation model show an annual mean transport of 3.9 Sv from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the South China Sea. The boreal winter transport is larger and exhibits a South China Sea branch of the Pacific-to-Indian Ocean throughflow, which originates from the western Philippine Sea toward the Indonesian Seas through the South China Sea, as well as through the Karimata and Mindoro Straits. The southwestward current near the continental slope of the northern South China Sea is shown to be a combination of this branch and the interior circulation gyre. This winter branch can be confirmed by trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters, which clearly show a flow from the Luzon Strait to the Karimata Strait in winter. In summer, the flow in the Karimata Strait is reversed. Numerical model results indicate that the Pacific water can enter the South China Sea and exit toward the Sulu Sea, but no observational evidence is available. The roles of the throughiiow branch in the circulation, water properties and air-sea exchange of the South China Sea, and in enhancing and regulating the volume transport and reducing the heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow, are discussed.
基金This work was support ed by the Shanghai Municipal Scientifi c&Technological Commission(Grant Nos.033107019)Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission(Grant Nos 2003-2-1-2).
文摘Using SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)markers a genetic linkage map of cucumber was constructed with a population consisting of 138 F_(2) individuals derived from a cross of the two cucumber lines,S06 and S52.In the survey of parental polymorphisms with 182 primer combinations,64 polymorphism-revealing primer pairs were screened out,which generated totally 108 polymorphic bands with an average of 1.7 bands per primer pair and at most 6 bands from one primer pair.The constructed molecular linkage map included 92 loci,distributed in seven linkage groups and spanning 1164.2 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 12.6 cM between two neighboring loci.Based on this linkage map,the quantitative trait loci(QTL)for the lateral branch number(lbn)and the lateral branch average length(lbl)in cucumber were identified by QTLMapper1.6.A major QTL lbn1 located between ME11SA4B and ME5EM5 in LG2 could explain 10.63%of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S06.A major QTL lbl1 located between DC1OD3 and DC1EM14 in LG2 could account for 10.38%of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S_(06).
文摘BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placement. It has been reported that the right branch mainly receives superior mesenteric venous blood while the left branch mainly receives blood from the splenic vein. We hypothesized that targeted puncture of the left portal vein would divert the non-nutritive blood from the splenic vein into the TIPS shunt; therefore, targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE.AIM To evaluate the influence of targeted puncture of left branch of portal vein in TIPS on HE.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1244 patients with portal-hypertension-related complications of refractory ascites or variceal bleeding who underwent TIPS from January 2000 to January 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into group A(targeting left branch of portal vein, n = 937) and group B(targeting right branch of portal vein, n = 307). TIPS-related HE and clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS The symptoms of ascites and variceal bleeding disappeared within a short time.By the endpoint of follow-up, recurrent bleeding and ascites did not differ significantly between groups A and B(P = 0.278, P = 0.561, respectively).Incidence of HE differed significantly between groups A and B at 1 mo(14.94% vs36.80%, χ~2 = 4.839, P = 0.028), 3 mo(12.48% vs 34.20%, χ~2 = 5.054, P = 0.025), 6 mo(10.03% vs 32.24%, χ~2 = 6.560, P = 0.010), 9 mo(9.17% vs 31.27%, χ~2 = 5.357, P =0.021), and 12 mo(8.21% vs 28.01, χ~2 = 3.848, P = 0.051). There were no significant differences between groups A and B at 3 years(6.61% vs 7.16%, χ~2 = 1.204, P =0.272) and 5 years(5.01% vs 6.18%, χ~2 = 0.072, P = 0.562). The total survival rate did not differ between groups A and B(χ~2 = 0.226, P = 0.634, log-rank test).CONCLUSION Targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may
