The atmospheric concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,m,p-xylene and o-xylene） were measured simultaneously at a same sampling site in Beijing from September 2008 to August 2010.The aver...The atmospheric concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,m,p-xylene and o-xylene） were measured simultaneously at a same sampling site in Beijing from September 2008 to August 2010.The average concentrations of the total measured carbonyls during autumn,winter,spring,and summer were 37.7,31.3,39.7,50.5 μg/m 3,respectively,and maximal values for their diurnal variations usually happened at noontime.In contrast to carbonyls,the average concentrations of the total measured BTEX during the four seasons were 27.2,31.9,23.2,19.1 μg/m 3,respectively,andminimal values for their diurnal variations always occurred in the early afternoon.The average concentration for carbonyls increased about 24% from September 2008–August 2009 to September 2009–August 2010,for BTEX,increased about 15%.Integrated life time cancer risks for three carcinogens （benzene,formaldehyde and acetaldehyde） in Beijing exceeded the value of 1E-06,and the hazard quotient （HQ） of non-cancer risk of exposure to formaldehyde exceeded unity.展开更多
Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world.In this study,the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the urban area of Beijing,specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteoro...Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world.In this study,the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the urban area of Beijing,specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteorological Tower,were conducted from 2000 to 2007.The annual record of VOC trends exhibited in two different phases was separated in 2003.Records show that VOC concentrations increased from 2000 to 2003 due to the abrupt increase in vehicle number.Contrarily,since 2003,there had been a decrease in VOCs concentrations as the policy on gasoline and air pollution was implemented.Toluene,benzene,and i-pentane are the chemicals that abound in and are directly related to vehicle activity,such as in vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation.Furthermore,records indicate that there had been seasonal variation in VOCs levels in that VOCs level in summer is higher than that in winter.As such,temperature is considered to significantly contribute to VOCs in Beijing.Records also show that VOCs level was high in the morning and during rush hours in the evening.In contrast,VOCs level was low during midday due to photochemical destruction with OH radical and dilution effect.In this study,a particular benzene to toluene ratio range （0.4–1.0） was used as the indicator of air propelled by vehicular exhaust.We also applied the correlation coefficients between BTEX and i-pentane to evaluate evaporation influence to ambient BTEX in the Beijing urban area.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41075094,40830101, 21177140,20977097)the National Basic Research and the Development Program (973) of China (No. 2010CB732304)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Environmental Research in the Public Interest (No. 201009001)the National Water Special Project (No. 2009ZX07210-009)
文摘The atmospheric concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,m,p-xylene and o-xylene） were measured simultaneously at a same sampling site in Beijing from September 2008 to August 2010.The average concentrations of the total measured carbonyls during autumn,winter,spring,and summer were 37.7,31.3,39.7,50.5 μg/m 3,respectively,and maximal values for their diurnal variations usually happened at noontime.In contrast to carbonyls,the average concentrations of the total measured BTEX during the four seasons were 27.2,31.9,23.2,19.1 μg/m 3,respectively,andminimal values for their diurnal variations always occurred in the early afternoon.The average concentration for carbonyls increased about 24% from September 2008–August 2009 to September 2009–August 2010,for BTEX,increased about 15%.Integrated life time cancer risks for three carcinogens （benzene,formaldehyde and acetaldehyde） in Beijing exceeded the value of 1E-06,and the hazard quotient （HQ） of non-cancer risk of exposure to formaldehyde exceeded unity.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-Q02-03)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (No. XDA05100100)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Bejing (No.D09040903670902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41021004)
文摘Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world.In this study,the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the urban area of Beijing,specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteorological Tower,were conducted from 2000 to 2007.The annual record of VOC trends exhibited in two different phases was separated in 2003.Records show that VOC concentrations increased from 2000 to 2003 due to the abrupt increase in vehicle number.Contrarily,since 2003,there had been a decrease in VOCs concentrations as the policy on gasoline and air pollution was implemented.Toluene,benzene,and i-pentane are the chemicals that abound in and are directly related to vehicle activity,such as in vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation.Furthermore,records indicate that there had been seasonal variation in VOCs levels in that VOCs level in summer is higher than that in winter.As such,temperature is considered to significantly contribute to VOCs in Beijing.Records also show that VOCs level was high in the morning and during rush hours in the evening.In contrast,VOCs level was low during midday due to photochemical destruction with OH radical and dilution effect.In this study,a particular benzene to toluene ratio range （0.4–1.0） was used as the indicator of air propelled by vehicular exhaust.We also applied the correlation coefficients between BTEX and i-pentane to evaluate evaporation influence to ambient BTEX in the Beijing urban area.
