Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. T...Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. The activation of the Y-linked gene Sry （sex- determining region Y） and its downstream target Sox9 （Sry box-containing gene 9） triggers testis differentiation by stimulating the differentiation of Sertoli cells, which then direct testis morphogenesis. Once engaged, a genetic pathway promotes the testis development while actively suppressing genes involved in ovarian development. This review focuses on the events of testis determination and the struggle to maintain male fate in the face of antagonistic pressure from the underlying female programme.展开更多
Mammalian testis development is a complex and highly sophisticated process. To study the dynamic change of normal testis development at the transcriptional level, we investigated mouse testes at three postnatal ages: ...Mammalian testis development is a complex and highly sophisticated process. To study the dynamic change of normal testis development at the transcriptional level, we investigated mouse testes at three postnatal ages: 6 days postnatal, 4 weeks old, and 10 weeks old, representing infant (PN1), juvenile (PN2), and adult (PN3) stages, respectively. Using ultra high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, we obtained 211 million reads with a length of 35 bp. We identified 18837 genes that were expressed in mouse testes, and found that genes expressed at the highest level were involved in spermatogenesis. The gene expression pattern in PN1 was distinct from that in PN2 and PN3, which indicates that spermatogenesis has commenced in PN2. We analyzed a large number of genes related to spermatogenesis and somatic development of the testis, which play important roles at different developmental stages. We also found that the MAPK, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly involved at different developmental stages. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate testis development. Our study also demonstrates significant advantages of RNA-seq technology for studying transcriptome during development.展开更多
目的用同量异位素标记的相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术结合液相色谱质谱技术构建3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸蛋白差异表达谱系。方法分别抽提3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸总蛋白质,iTRAQ标...目的用同量异位素标记的相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术结合液相色谱质谱技术构建3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸蛋白差异表达谱系。方法分别抽提3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸总蛋白质,iTRAQ标记,液相色谱(LC)分离蛋白质,LTQ OrbitrapTM质谱仪进行蛋白质鉴定。结果鉴定出20个差异表达蛋白质,其中18个为3周龄小鼠睾丸高表达蛋白质,2个为成年睾丸高表达蛋白质。差异表达蛋白质主要参与细胞的有丝分裂、减数分裂、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及精子发生等重要细胞事件。结论用目前最新的定量蛋白质组技术,构建的3周龄小鼠睾丸与成年睾丸差异表达蛋白谱系对研究睾丸功能、精子发生有一定理论价值,为定量蛋白组学技术在雄性生殖领域的应用奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. The activation of the Y-linked gene Sry （sex- determining region Y） and its downstream target Sox9 （Sry box-containing gene 9） triggers testis differentiation by stimulating the differentiation of Sertoli cells, which then direct testis morphogenesis. Once engaged, a genetic pathway promotes the testis development while actively suppressing genes involved in ovarian development. This review focuses on the events of testis determination and the struggle to maintain male fate in the face of antagonistic pressure from the underlying female programme.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB944100,2011CB944101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90919024)+1 种基金the Special Foundation Work Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (2009FY120100)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012AA020409)
文摘Mammalian testis development is a complex and highly sophisticated process. To study the dynamic change of normal testis development at the transcriptional level, we investigated mouse testes at three postnatal ages: 6 days postnatal, 4 weeks old, and 10 weeks old, representing infant (PN1), juvenile (PN2), and adult (PN3) stages, respectively. Using ultra high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, we obtained 211 million reads with a length of 35 bp. We identified 18837 genes that were expressed in mouse testes, and found that genes expressed at the highest level were involved in spermatogenesis. The gene expression pattern in PN1 was distinct from that in PN2 and PN3, which indicates that spermatogenesis has commenced in PN2. We analyzed a large number of genes related to spermatogenesis and somatic development of the testis, which play important roles at different developmental stages. We also found that the MAPK, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly involved at different developmental stages. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate testis development. Our study also demonstrates significant advantages of RNA-seq technology for studying transcriptome during development.
文摘目的用同量异位素标记的相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术结合液相色谱质谱技术构建3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸蛋白差异表达谱系。方法分别抽提3周龄小鼠与成年小鼠睾丸总蛋白质,iTRAQ标记,液相色谱(LC)分离蛋白质,LTQ OrbitrapTM质谱仪进行蛋白质鉴定。结果鉴定出20个差异表达蛋白质,其中18个为3周龄小鼠睾丸高表达蛋白质,2个为成年睾丸高表达蛋白质。差异表达蛋白质主要参与细胞的有丝分裂、减数分裂、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及精子发生等重要细胞事件。结论用目前最新的定量蛋白质组技术,构建的3周龄小鼠睾丸与成年睾丸差异表达蛋白谱系对研究睾丸功能、精子发生有一定理论价值,为定量蛋白组学技术在雄性生殖领域的应用奠定了基础。
