Two-dimensional graphene offers interesting electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties that are currently being explored for advanced electronics,membranes,and composites.Here we synthesize and explore the biologica...Two-dimensional graphene offers interesting electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties that are currently being explored for advanced electronics,membranes,and composites.Here we synthesize and explore the biological applications of nano-graphene oxide(NGO),i.e.,single-layer graphene oxide sheets down to a few nanometers in lateral width.We develop functionalization chemistry in order to impart solubility and compatibility of NGO in biological environments.We obtain size separated pegylated NGO sheets that are soluble in buffers and serum without agglomeration.The NGO sheets are found to be photoluminescent in the visible and infrared regions.The intrinsic photoluminescence(PL)of NGO is used for live cell imaging in the near-infrared(NIR)with little background.We found that simple physisorption viaπ-stacking can be used for loading doxorubicin,a widely used cancer drug onto NGO functionalized with antibody for selective killing of cancer cells in vitro.Owing to its small size,intrinsic optical properties,large specifi c surface area,low cost,and useful non-covalent interactions with aromatic drug molecules,NGO is a promising new material for biological and medical applications.展开更多
Enormous studies have corroborated that long non-codig RNAs(LncRNAs)extensively participate in crucial physiological processes such as metabolism and immunity,and are closely related to the occurrence and development ...Enormous studies have corroborated that long non-codig RNAs(LncRNAs)extensively participate in crucial physiological processes such as metabolism and immunity,and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors,cardiovascular diseases,nervous system disorders,nephropathy,and other diseases.The application of lncRNAs as biomarkers or intervention targets can provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.This paper has focused on the emerging research into lncRNAs as pharmacological targets and has reviewed the transition of IncRNAs from the role of disease coding to acting as drug candidates,including the current status and progress in preclinical research.Cutting-edge strategies for lncRNA modulation have been summarized,including the sources of LncRNA-related drugs,such as genetic technology and small-molecule compounds,and related delivery methods.The current progress of clinical trials of lncRNA-targeting drugs is also discussed.This information will form a latest updated reference for research and development of lncRNA-based drugs.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summa...Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological systems.Ultrasensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface.Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detection.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L.In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical applications.In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous administration.If well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces.Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and doxorubicin.Moreover,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals.Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.展开更多
Exosomes are cell-derived nano vesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm,released upon fusion of multi vesicular bodies with the cell surface.They can transport nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids for intercellular comm...Exosomes are cell-derived nano vesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm,released upon fusion of multi vesicular bodies with the cell surface.They can transport nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells.In cancers,exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response,blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and promoting angiogenesis.They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers.Because of their amphipathic structure,exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.展开更多
Taking inspiration from nature, the biomimetic concept has been integrated into drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Disguised with cell membranes, the nanoparticles can acquire various functions of natural cells....Taking inspiration from nature, the biomimetic concept has been integrated into drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Disguised with cell membranes, the nanoparticles can acquire various functions of natural cells. The cell membrane-coating technology has pushed the limits of common nano-systems(fast elimination in circulation) to more effectively navigate within the body. Moreover, because of the various functional molecules on the surface, cell membrane-based nanoparticles(CMBNPs) are capable of interacting with the complex biological microenvironment of the tumor. Various sources of cell membranes have been explored to camouflage CMBNPs and different tumor-targeting strategies have been developed to enhance the anti-tumor drug delivery therapy. In this review article we highlight the most recent advances in CMBNP-based cancer targeting systems and address the challenges and opportunities in this field.展开更多
Erythrocytes(red blood cells, RBCs) are the most abundant circulating cells in the blood and have been widely used in drug delivery systems(DDS) because of their features of biocompatibility,biodegradability, and long...Erythrocytes(red blood cells, RBCs) are the most abundant circulating cells in the blood and have been widely used in drug delivery systems(DDS) because of their features of biocompatibility,biodegradability, and long circulating half-life. Accordingly, a 'camouflage' comprised of erythrocyte membranes renders nanoparticles as a platform that combines the advantages of native erythrocyte membranes with those of nanomaterials. Following injection into the blood of animal models, the coated nanoparticles imitate RBCs and interact with the surroundings to achieve long-term circulation. In this review, the biomimetic platform of erythrocyte membrane-coated nano-cores is described with regard to various aspects, with particular focus placed on the coating mechanism, preparation methods, verification methods, and the latest anti-tumor applications. Finally, further functional modifications of the erythrocyte membranes and attempts to fuse the surface properties of multiple cell membranes are discussed,providing a foundation to stimulate extensive research into multifunctional nano-biomimetic systems.展开更多
Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability,nontoxicity, biocompatibi...Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability,nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromoleculebased carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.展开更多
A patch with the capability of avoiding wound infection and promoting tissue remolding is of great value for wound healing.In this paper,we develop a biomass chitosan microneedle array(CSMNA)patch integrated with smar...A patch with the capability of avoiding wound infection and promoting tissue remolding is of great value for wound healing.In this paper,we develop a biomass chitosan microneedle array(CSMNA)patch integrated with smart responsive drug delivery for promoting wound healing.Chitosan possesses many outstanding features such as the natural antibacterial property and has been widely utilized for wound healing.Besides,the microstructure of microneedles enables the effective delivery of loaded drugs into the target area and avoids the excessive adhesion between the skin and the patch.Also,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is encapsulated in the micropores of CSMNA by temperature sensitive hydrogel.Therefore,the smart release of the drugs can be controllably realized via the temperature rising induced by the inflammation response at the site of wounds.It is demonstrated that the biomass CSMNA patch can promote inflammatory inhibition,collagen deposition,angiogenesis,and tissue regeneration during the wound closure.Thus,this versatile CSMNA patch is potentially valuable for wound healing in clinical applications.展开更多
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes,oral delivery of l...Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes,oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract,difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.展开更多
基金by NIH-NCI funded CCNE TR at Stanford University.We are grateful to Drs.Alice Fan and Dean Felsher for providing the antibodies used in this work.
文摘Two-dimensional graphene offers interesting electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties that are currently being explored for advanced electronics,membranes,and composites.Here we synthesize and explore the biological applications of nano-graphene oxide(NGO),i.e.,single-layer graphene oxide sheets down to a few nanometers in lateral width.We develop functionalization chemistry in order to impart solubility and compatibility of NGO in biological environments.We obtain size separated pegylated NGO sheets that are soluble in buffers and serum without agglomeration.The NGO sheets are found to be photoluminescent in the visible and infrared regions.The intrinsic photoluminescence(PL)of NGO is used for live cell imaging in the near-infrared(NIR)with little background.We found that simple physisorption viaπ-stacking can be used for loading doxorubicin,a widely used cancer drug onto NGO functionalized with antibody for selective killing of cancer cells in vitro.Owing to its small size,intrinsic optical properties,large specifi c surface area,low cost,and useful non-covalent interactions with aromatic drug molecules,NGO is a promising new material for biological and medical applications.
基金supported by the Drug Innovation Major Project of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-002-010)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2016-I2M-3e011,China)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.7202138 and 7181007,China)
文摘Enormous studies have corroborated that long non-codig RNAs(LncRNAs)extensively participate in crucial physiological processes such as metabolism and immunity,and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors,cardiovascular diseases,nervous system disorders,nephropathy,and other diseases.The application of lncRNAs as biomarkers or intervention targets can provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.This paper has focused on the emerging research into lncRNAs as pharmacological targets and has reviewed the transition of IncRNAs from the role of disease coding to acting as drug candidates,including the current status and progress in preclinical research.Cutting-edge strategies for lncRNA modulation have been summarized,including the sources of LncRNA-related drugs,such as genetic technology and small-molecule compounds,and related delivery methods.The current progress of clinical trials of lncRNA-targeting drugs is also discussed.This information will form a latest updated reference for research and development of lncRNA-based drugs.
文摘Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological systems.Ultrasensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface.Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detection.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L.In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical applications.In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous administration.If well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces.Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and doxorubicin.Moreover,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals.Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-3-007,China)Technology Major Projects for‘Major New Drugs Innovation and Development’(2018ZX09711001-005-025 and 2018ZX09711001-012,China)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703536 and 81803584)
文摘Exosomes are cell-derived nano vesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm,released upon fusion of multi vesicular bodies with the cell surface.They can transport nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells.In cancers,exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response,blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and promoting angiogenesis.They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers.Because of their amphipathic structure,exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773911, 81690263, 81673372, and 81361140344)National Basin Research Program of China (2013CB 932500)Development Project of Shanghai Peak Disciplines– Integrated Medicine (No. 20150407)
文摘Taking inspiration from nature, the biomimetic concept has been integrated into drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Disguised with cell membranes, the nanoparticles can acquire various functions of natural cells. The cell membrane-coating technology has pushed the limits of common nano-systems(fast elimination in circulation) to more effectively navigate within the body. Moreover, because of the various functional molecules on the surface, cell membrane-based nanoparticles(CMBNPs) are capable of interacting with the complex biological microenvironment of the tumor. Various sources of cell membranes have been explored to camouflage CMBNPs and different tumor-targeting strategies have been developed to enhance the anti-tumor drug delivery therapy. In this review article we highlight the most recent advances in CMBNP-based cancer targeting systems and address the challenges and opportunities in this field.
文摘Erythrocytes(red blood cells, RBCs) are the most abundant circulating cells in the blood and have been widely used in drug delivery systems(DDS) because of their features of biocompatibility,biodegradability, and long circulating half-life. Accordingly, a 'camouflage' comprised of erythrocyte membranes renders nanoparticles as a platform that combines the advantages of native erythrocyte membranes with those of nanomaterials. Following injection into the blood of animal models, the coated nanoparticles imitate RBCs and interact with the surroundings to achieve long-term circulation. In this review, the biomimetic platform of erythrocyte membrane-coated nano-cores is described with regard to various aspects, with particular focus placed on the coating mechanism, preparation methods, verification methods, and the latest anti-tumor applications. Finally, further functional modifications of the erythrocyte membranes and attempts to fuse the surface properties of multiple cell membranes are discussed,providing a foundation to stimulate extensive research into multifunctional nano-biomimetic systems.
文摘Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability,nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromoleculebased carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 61927805 , 51522302)the NSAF Foundation of China(grant U1530260)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(Grant no.BE2018707)the Special Fund for Military Medical Science(grants BWS16J007 , AWS17J009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019M663090).
文摘A patch with the capability of avoiding wound infection and promoting tissue remolding is of great value for wound healing.In this paper,we develop a biomass chitosan microneedle array(CSMNA)patch integrated with smart responsive drug delivery for promoting wound healing.Chitosan possesses many outstanding features such as the natural antibacterial property and has been widely utilized for wound healing.Besides,the microstructure of microneedles enables the effective delivery of loaded drugs into the target area and avoids the excessive adhesion between the skin and the patch.Also,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is encapsulated in the micropores of CSMNA by temperature sensitive hydrogel.Therefore,the smart release of the drugs can be controllably realized via the temperature rising induced by the inflammation response at the site of wounds.It is demonstrated that the biomass CSMNA patch can promote inflammatory inhibition,collagen deposition,angiogenesis,and tissue regeneration during the wound closure.Thus,this versatile CSMNA patch is potentially valuable for wound healing in clinical applications.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573363 and 81690263)National Key Basic Research Program (2015CB931800)
文摘Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes,oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract,difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
