CAN(Controller Area Network)总线属于现场总线(Field Bus)的范畴.它适用于工业控制系统,具有通信速率高、可靠性强、连接方便、性能价格比高等诸多特点.九十年代初期在欧洲深受重视,成为研究开发的热点.近年来,CAN总线的应用研究又有...CAN(Controller Area Network)总线属于现场总线(Field Bus)的范畴.它适用于工业控制系统,具有通信速率高、可靠性强、连接方便、性能价格比高等诸多特点.九十年代初期在欧洲深受重视,成为研究开发的热点.近年来,CAN总线的应用研究又有了一些新的发展.CAN通信协议得到了进一步的扩展和完善,并形成了国际标准.支持CAN协议的芯片不断推出,给CAN总线用户带来了极大的方便.目前,我国对CAN总线的应用研究已开始起步.北京航空航天大学706教研室和中国微计算机学会单片机公共实验室已经做了一些探索性的工作,并准备向国内提供CAN总线芯片及带有CAN总线接口的控制器.相信随着我国对现场总线技术需求的增加,CAN总线必然会成为国内最常用的现场总线之一.下面简单介绍CAN总线近期的发展与应用.展开更多
The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterpris...The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterprise, and are subject to completely different policies designated by the government. Investigations of their daily living lead to the conclusion that the “New Unemployed” has gone through a “system withdrawal” process. They are now facing an environment of “system vacuum” that none of other unemployed groups has ever encountered before. The author emphasizes in the paper a strategic employment principle of “For Future Generations” so that focused attention and care can be provided and this toughest challenge in China can be dealt with.展开更多
TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix(ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adu...TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix(ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.展开更多
文摘CAN(Controller Area Network)总线属于现场总线(Field Bus)的范畴.它适用于工业控制系统,具有通信速率高、可靠性强、连接方便、性能价格比高等诸多特点.九十年代初期在欧洲深受重视,成为研究开发的热点.近年来,CAN总线的应用研究又有了一些新的发展.CAN通信协议得到了进一步的扩展和完善,并形成了国际标准.支持CAN协议的芯片不断推出,给CAN总线用户带来了极大的方便.目前,我国对CAN总线的应用研究已开始起步.北京航空航天大学706教研室和中国微计算机学会单片机公共实验室已经做了一些探索性的工作,并准备向国内提供CAN总线芯片及带有CAN总线接口的控制器.相信随着我国对现场总线技术需求的增加,CAN总线必然会成为国内最常用的现场总线之一.下面简单介绍CAN总线近期的发展与应用.
文摘The “New Unemployed” consists of young people with low education in the Chinese cities. They differ from the cohorts of their parents because they have no work experiences in any state- or collective-owned enterprise, and are subject to completely different policies designated by the government. Investigations of their daily living lead to the conclusion that the “New Unemployed” has gone through a “system withdrawal” process. They are now facing an environment of “system vacuum” that none of other unemployed groups has ever encountered before. The author emphasizes in the paper a strategic employment principle of “For Future Generations” so that focused attention and care can be provided and this toughest challenge in China can be dealt with.
基金supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health grants (AR063943 and DK057501 to X.C. AR064833 to J.L.C.)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771099 to X.X.)the Key Project for Frontier Research of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2016JY0006 to X.Z.)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Innovation Team Program (2017TD0016 to Q.Y.).X.X.supported by the visiting scholar fellowship from West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
文摘TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix(ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.
