In this paper, interactions between the 30-60 day oscillation, the Walker circulation and the convective activitiesin the tropical western Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere summer are analyzed by using the observ...In this paper, interactions between the 30-60 day oscillation, the Walker circulation and the convective activitiesin the tropical western Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere summer are analyzed by using the observed data ofwind fields and high-cloud amounts for the period from 1980 to 1989.The analyzed results show that the 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO) may be largely affected by theconvective activities in the tropical western Pacific. The LFO in the tropical western Pacific during the strongconvective activities around the Philippines stronger than those during the weak convective activities around thePhilippines. Moreover. in the case of strong convective activities around the Philippines, the LFO in the tropical western Pacific and tropical eastern Indian Ocean generally propagates westward, and it is intensified by the LFO with awestward propagating center of maximum oscillation trom the east to 140°E. However, in the case of weakconvective activities around the Philippines, the LFO gradually becomes stronger with a eastward propagating centerof maximum oscillation from the eastern Indian Ocean to the tropical western Pacific.Corresponding to the 30-60 day oscillation, the Walker circulation is also in oscillation over the tropical Pacificand its circulation cell seems to shift gradually westward from the tropical western Pacific to the tropical eastern Indian Ocean with strong convective activities around the Philippines. This may maintain the intensitication ofconvective activities there. However, during the weak convective activities around the Philippines, the Walker circulation gradually moves eastward and an ascending flow may appear in the equatorial central Pacific. This may causeconvective activities to be intensified over the equatorial central Pacific.The analyzed results also show that the LFO in the tropical western Pacific and East Asia may be associated withthe interannual oscillation of the SST anomaly in the tropical western Pacific.展开更多
Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） ...Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and its associated atmospheric circulations are investigated. The EASM exhibits a distinct interdecadal variation, with stronger （weaker） summer monsoon maintained from 1950-1964 （1976-1997）. In the former case, there is an enhanced Walker cell in the eastern Pacific and an anti-Walker cell in the western Pacific. The associated ascending motion resides in the central Pacific, which flows eastward and westward in the upper troposphere, descending in the eastern and western ends of the Pacific basin. At the same time, an anomalous East Asian Hadley Cell （EAHC） is found to connect the low-latitude and mid-latitude systems in East Asia, which strengthens the EASM. The descending branch of the EAHC lies in the west part of the anti-Walker cell, flowing northward in the lower troposphere and then ascending at the south of Lake Baikal （40°-50°N, 95°- 115°E） before returning to low latitudes in the upper troposphere, thus strengthening the EASM. The relationship between the EASM and SST in the eastern tropical Pacific is also discussed. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interdecadal variation of the EASM with the eastern tropical Pacific SST. A warmer sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） therein induces anomalous ascending motion in the eastern Pacific, resulting in a weaker Walker cell, and at the same time inducing an anomalous Walker cell in the western Pacific and an enhanced EAHC, leading to a weaker EASM. Furthermore, the interdecadal variation of summer precipitation over North China is found to be the south of Lake Baikal through enhancing and reducing strongly regulated by the velocity potential over the regional vertical motions.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP...AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and to explore the mechanisms involved in transarterial embolization (TAE)-induced metastasis of liver cancer preliminarily. METHODS: Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was transplanted into rat liver to establish the liver cancer model. Hepatic arterial ligation (HAL) was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply and simulate TAE. Blood perfusion of tumor in control, laparotomy control, and HAL group was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 labeling assay, the serum VEGF level was assayed by ELISA, the expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Two days after HAL, the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells which represent the blood perfusion of tumor directly and hypoxia of tumor indirectly in HAL group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (329+/-29 vs 384+/-19, P【0.01). The serum VEGF level in the HAL group increased significantly as against that of the control group (93 ng.L(-1)+/-44 ng.L(-1) vs 55 ng.L(-1)+/-19 ng.L(-1), P【0.05). The expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA in the tumor tissue of the HAL group increased significantly compared with that of the control and the laparotomy control groups (P【0.05). The blood perfusion data of the tumor, represented by the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells, showed a good linear inverse correlation with the serum VEGF level (r=-0.606, P【0.05) and the expression of VEGF mRNA in the tumor tissue ( r =-0.338, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Blockage of hepatic arterial blood supply results in decreased blood perfusion and increased expression of metastasis-associated genes VEGF and MMP-1 of transplanted liver cancer in rats. Decreased blood perfusion and hypoxia may be the major cause of up-regulated expression of VEGF.展开更多
Based on the Scripps/NODC Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center's data of heat content in upper ocean (1955--1998) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the relationship between the heat content anomalies in the warm p...Based on the Scripps/NODC Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center's data of heat content in upper ocean (1955--1998) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the relationship between the heat content anomalies in the warm pool area of the western Pacific (WP) and onset of South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSM) is examined.The results show that the warm pool area (WP) is the place where heat content in the tropical upper layer changes with maximum range and which is most obviously influential to South China Sea summer monsoon.Onset of SCSM is very closely related to the heat content anomaly during the previous period (previous winter and spring) of the WP so that the heat content of March to April in the WP area is a very good predictor for onset of SCSM.When the heat content of the WP area is positive,convection center will be located in the South China Sea-western Pacific with strong convection,a positive anomaly of monsoon circulation and Walker circulation will take place and the subtropical high will be weaker and farther east. Positive anomalous monsoon circulation and Walker circulation will be favorable for westerly and southwesterly flows-SCSM breaks off earlier than normal.Otherwise,SCSM comes later than usual.Large-scale anomalous change of monsoon circulation and Walker circulation seems one of the important mechanisms to influence SCSM.展开更多
The contrast between the eastern and central responses of zonal and vertical circulation in the Pacific （EP- and CP-） E1 Nino is observed in the different tropics. To measure the different responses of the atmo- sph...The contrast between the eastern and central responses of zonal and vertical circulation in the Pacific （EP- and CP-） E1 Nino is observed in the different tropics. To measure the different responses of the atmo- spheric circulation to the two types of E1 Nino, an eastern and a central Pacific southern oscillation index （EP- and CP-SOI） are defined based on the air-sea coupled relationship between eddy sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Analyses suggest that while the EP-SOI exhibits variability on an interannual （2- 7-yr） time scale, decadal （10-15-yr） variations in the CP-SOI are more dominant; both are strongly coupled with their respective EP- and CP-E1 Nino patterns. Composite analysis suggests that, during EP-ENSO, the Walker circulation exhibits a dipole structure in the lower-level （850 hPa） and upper-level （200 hPa） velocity potential anomalies and exhibits a signal cell over the Pacific. In the case of CP-ENSO, however, the Walker circulation shows a tripole structure and exhibits double cells over the Pacific. In addition, the two types of ENSO events show opposite impacts on global land precipitation in the boreal winter and spring seasons. For example, seasonal precipitation across China's Mainland exhibits an opposite relationship with the EP- and CP-ENSO during winter and spring, but the rainfall over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China shows an opposite relationship during the rest of the seasons. Therefore, the different relationships between rainfall and EP- and CP-ENSO should be carefully considered when predicting seasonal rainfall in the East Asian monsoon regions.展开更多
目的:通过文献回顾分析慢性病自我管理的概念定义、属性、前因、后果、测评工具,明确慢性病自我管理的概念。方法:系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库中慢性病自我管理相关文献,采用Walker and Avant概念分...目的:通过文献回顾分析慢性病自我管理的概念定义、属性、前因、后果、测评工具,明确慢性病自我管理的概念。方法:系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库中慢性病自我管理相关文献,采用Walker and Avant概念分析法进行分析。结果:分析相关文献,归纳出慢性病自我管理的概念属性为病人积极主动参与护理过程;存在病人与保健提供者的互动;借助一定的健康管理手段;目的是维护慢性病病人的健康状况和日常生活能力。结论:明确了慢性非传染性疾病背景下的自我管理概念,有助于促进慢性病自我管理在临床工作中的推广应用。展开更多
文摘In this paper, interactions between the 30-60 day oscillation, the Walker circulation and the convective activitiesin the tropical western Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere summer are analyzed by using the observed data ofwind fields and high-cloud amounts for the period from 1980 to 1989.The analyzed results show that the 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO) may be largely affected by theconvective activities in the tropical western Pacific. The LFO in the tropical western Pacific during the strongconvective activities around the Philippines stronger than those during the weak convective activities around thePhilippines. Moreover. in the case of strong convective activities around the Philippines, the LFO in the tropical western Pacific and tropical eastern Indian Ocean generally propagates westward, and it is intensified by the LFO with awestward propagating center of maximum oscillation trom the east to 140°E. However, in the case of weakconvective activities around the Philippines, the LFO gradually becomes stronger with a eastward propagating centerof maximum oscillation from the eastern Indian Ocean to the tropical western Pacific.Corresponding to the 30-60 day oscillation, the Walker circulation is also in oscillation over the tropical Pacificand its circulation cell seems to shift gradually westward from the tropical western Pacific to the tropical eastern Indian Ocean with strong convective activities around the Philippines. This may maintain the intensitication ofconvective activities there. However, during the weak convective activities around the Philippines, the Walker circulation gradually moves eastward and an ascending flow may appear in the equatorial central Pacific. This may causeconvective activities to be intensified over the equatorial central Pacific.The analyzed results also show that the LFO in the tropical western Pacific and East Asia may be associated withthe interannual oscillation of the SST anomaly in the tropical western Pacific.
文摘Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and its associated atmospheric circulations are investigated. The EASM exhibits a distinct interdecadal variation, with stronger （weaker） summer monsoon maintained from 1950-1964 （1976-1997）. In the former case, there is an enhanced Walker cell in the eastern Pacific and an anti-Walker cell in the western Pacific. The associated ascending motion resides in the central Pacific, which flows eastward and westward in the upper troposphere, descending in the eastern and western ends of the Pacific basin. At the same time, an anomalous East Asian Hadley Cell （EAHC） is found to connect the low-latitude and mid-latitude systems in East Asia, which strengthens the EASM. The descending branch of the EAHC lies in the west part of the anti-Walker cell, flowing northward in the lower troposphere and then ascending at the south of Lake Baikal （40°-50°N, 95°- 115°E） before returning to low latitudes in the upper troposphere, thus strengthening the EASM. The relationship between the EASM and SST in the eastern tropical Pacific is also discussed. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interdecadal variation of the EASM with the eastern tropical Pacific SST. A warmer sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） therein induces anomalous ascending motion in the eastern Pacific, resulting in a weaker Walker cell, and at the same time inducing an anomalous Walker cell in the western Pacific and an enhanced EAHC, leading to a weaker EASM. Furthermore, the interdecadal variation of summer precipitation over North China is found to be the south of Lake Baikal through enhancing and reducing strongly regulated by the velocity potential over the regional vertical motions.
基金Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Municipality,No.004119086
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and to explore the mechanisms involved in transarterial embolization (TAE)-induced metastasis of liver cancer preliminarily. METHODS: Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was transplanted into rat liver to establish the liver cancer model. Hepatic arterial ligation (HAL) was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply and simulate TAE. Blood perfusion of tumor in control, laparotomy control, and HAL group was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 labeling assay, the serum VEGF level was assayed by ELISA, the expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Two days after HAL, the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells which represent the blood perfusion of tumor directly and hypoxia of tumor indirectly in HAL group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (329+/-29 vs 384+/-19, P【0.01). The serum VEGF level in the HAL group increased significantly as against that of the control group (93 ng.L(-1)+/-44 ng.L(-1) vs 55 ng.L(-1)+/-19 ng.L(-1), P【0.05). The expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA in the tumor tissue of the HAL group increased significantly compared with that of the control and the laparotomy control groups (P【0.05). The blood perfusion data of the tumor, represented by the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells, showed a good linear inverse correlation with the serum VEGF level (r=-0.606, P【0.05) and the expression of VEGF mRNA in the tumor tissue ( r =-0.338, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Blockage of hepatic arterial blood supply results in decreased blood perfusion and increased expression of metastasis-associated genes VEGF and MMP-1 of transplanted liver cancer in rats. Decreased blood perfusion and hypoxia may be the major cause of up-regulated expression of VEGF.
基金National Climbing Project A:"South China Sea Monsoon Experiments"CAS Innovation Project (No.ZKCX2-SW-210)Project of Natural Sciences Fund of Shandong Province"A study of relationship between warm pool thermal state anomalies and summer rainfall in Shandong"
文摘Based on the Scripps/NODC Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center's data of heat content in upper ocean (1955--1998) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the relationship between the heat content anomalies in the warm pool area of the western Pacific (WP) and onset of South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSM) is examined.The results show that the warm pool area (WP) is the place where heat content in the tropical upper layer changes with maximum range and which is most obviously influential to South China Sea summer monsoon.Onset of SCSM is very closely related to the heat content anomaly during the previous period (previous winter and spring) of the WP so that the heat content of March to April in the WP area is a very good predictor for onset of SCSM.When the heat content of the WP area is positive,convection center will be located in the South China Sea-western Pacific with strong convection,a positive anomaly of monsoon circulation and Walker circulation will take place and the subtropical high will be weaker and farther east. Positive anomalous monsoon circulation and Walker circulation will be favorable for westerly and southwesterly flows-SCSM breaks off earlier than normal.Otherwise,SCSM comes later than usual.Large-scale anomalous change of monsoon circulation and Walker circulation seems one of the important mechanisms to influence SCSM.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41221064)the 973 Program of China(Grant No.2012CB417403)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA05090408)the key program of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science(Grant No.2010Z003 and 2013Z002)the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.CXLX11 0618)
文摘The contrast between the eastern and central responses of zonal and vertical circulation in the Pacific （EP- and CP-） E1 Nino is observed in the different tropics. To measure the different responses of the atmo- spheric circulation to the two types of E1 Nino, an eastern and a central Pacific southern oscillation index （EP- and CP-SOI） are defined based on the air-sea coupled relationship between eddy sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Analyses suggest that while the EP-SOI exhibits variability on an interannual （2- 7-yr） time scale, decadal （10-15-yr） variations in the CP-SOI are more dominant; both are strongly coupled with their respective EP- and CP-E1 Nino patterns. Composite analysis suggests that, during EP-ENSO, the Walker circulation exhibits a dipole structure in the lower-level （850 hPa） and upper-level （200 hPa） velocity potential anomalies and exhibits a signal cell over the Pacific. In the case of CP-ENSO, however, the Walker circulation shows a tripole structure and exhibits double cells over the Pacific. In addition, the two types of ENSO events show opposite impacts on global land precipitation in the boreal winter and spring seasons. For example, seasonal precipitation across China's Mainland exhibits an opposite relationship with the EP- and CP-ENSO during winter and spring, but the rainfall over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China shows an opposite relationship during the rest of the seasons. Therefore, the different relationships between rainfall and EP- and CP-ENSO should be carefully considered when predicting seasonal rainfall in the East Asian monsoon regions.
文摘目的:通过文献回顾分析慢性病自我管理的概念定义、属性、前因、后果、测评工具,明确慢性病自我管理的概念。方法:系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库中慢性病自我管理相关文献,采用Walker and Avant概念分析法进行分析。结果:分析相关文献,归纳出慢性病自我管理的概念属性为病人积极主动参与护理过程;存在病人与保健提供者的互动;借助一定的健康管理手段;目的是维护慢性病病人的健康状况和日常生活能力。结论:明确了慢性非传染性疾病背景下的自我管理概念,有助于促进慢性病自我管理在临床工作中的推广应用。
