Background: Glutamine and glutamate are known to play important roles in cancer biology. However, no detailed information is available in terms of their levels of involvement in various biological processes across dif...Background: Glutamine and glutamate are known to play important roles in cancer biology. However, no detailed information is available in terms of their levels of involvement in various biological processes across different cancer types, whereas such knowledge could be critical for understanding the distinct characteristics of different cancer types. Our computational study aimed to examine the functional roles of glutamine and glutamate across different cancer types.Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression data of cancer tissues versus normal control tissues of 11 cancer types to understand glutamine and glutamate metabolisms in cancer. Specifically, we developed a linear regression model to assess differential contributions by glutamine and/or glutamate to each of seven biological processes in cancer versus control tissues.Results: While our computational predictions were consistent with some of the previous observations, multiple novel predictions were made:(1) glutamine is generally not involved in purine synthesis in cancer except for breast cancer, and is similarly not involved in pyridine synthesis except for kidney cancer;(2) glutamine is generally not involved in ATP production in cancer;(3) glutamine's contribution to nucleotide synthesis is minimal if any in cancer;(4) glutamine is not involved in asparagine synthesis in cancer except for bladder and lung cancers; and(5) glutamate does not contribute to serine synthesis except for bladder cancer.Conclusions: We comprehensively predicted the roles of glutamine and glutamate metabolisms in selected metabolic pathways in cancer tissues versus control tissues, which may lead to novel approaches to therapeutic development targeted at glutamine and/or glutamate metabolism. However, our predictions need further functional validation.展开更多
Alteration in the Th17/Treg cell balance is implicated in various autoimmune diseases and these disease-associated pathologies.Increasing investigations have shown that glutamine metabolism regulates the differentiati...Alteration in the Th17/Treg cell balance is implicated in various autoimmune diseases and these disease-associated pathologies.Increasing investigations have shown that glutamine metabolism regulates the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells.Here we summarize the mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism regulates Th17/Treg cell fate.Some examples of a glutamine metabolism-dependent modulation of the development and progression of several Th17/Treg cell-associated diseases are provided afterward.This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of glutamine metabolism in the fate of Th17/Treg cell differentiation.展开更多
基金supported by Georgia Research Alliance and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81320108025,61402194,61572227)the Science-Technology Development Project from Jilin Province(Nos.20160101259JC,20160204022GX,20170520063JH)
文摘Background: Glutamine and glutamate are known to play important roles in cancer biology. However, no detailed information is available in terms of their levels of involvement in various biological processes across different cancer types, whereas such knowledge could be critical for understanding the distinct characteristics of different cancer types. Our computational study aimed to examine the functional roles of glutamine and glutamate across different cancer types.Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression data of cancer tissues versus normal control tissues of 11 cancer types to understand glutamine and glutamate metabolisms in cancer. Specifically, we developed a linear regression model to assess differential contributions by glutamine and/or glutamate to each of seven biological processes in cancer versus control tissues.Results: While our computational predictions were consistent with some of the previous observations, multiple novel predictions were made:(1) glutamine is generally not involved in purine synthesis in cancer except for breast cancer, and is similarly not involved in pyridine synthesis except for kidney cancer;(2) glutamine is generally not involved in ATP production in cancer;(3) glutamine's contribution to nucleotide synthesis is minimal if any in cancer;(4) glutamine is not involved in asparagine synthesis in cancer except for bladder and lung cancers; and(5) glutamate does not contribute to serine synthesis except for bladder cancer.Conclusions: We comprehensively predicted the roles of glutamine and glutamate metabolisms in selected metabolic pathways in cancer tissues versus control tissues, which may lead to novel approaches to therapeutic development targeted at glutamine and/or glutamate metabolism. However, our predictions need further functional validation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922079,31872365,and 31790411)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515210002)。
文摘Alteration in the Th17/Treg cell balance is implicated in various autoimmune diseases and these disease-associated pathologies.Increasing investigations have shown that glutamine metabolism regulates the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells.Here we summarize the mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism regulates Th17/Treg cell fate.Some examples of a glutamine metabolism-dependent modulation of the development and progression of several Th17/Treg cell-associated diseases are provided afterward.This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of glutamine metabolism in the fate of Th17/Treg cell differentiation.
