可入网电动汽车(plug-in electric vehicle,PEV)近年来发展迅猛,考虑PEV与清洁能源大量并网后的差异性需求,构建兼顾输电网、配电网与用户利益的双层规划模型。上层输电网规划以系统运行成本最小、车主消费最少、弃风弃光惩罚最少、碳...可入网电动汽车(plug-in electric vehicle,PEV)近年来发展迅猛,考虑PEV与清洁能源大量并网后的差异性需求,构建兼顾输电网、配电网与用户利益的双层规划模型。上层输电网规划以系统运行成本最小、车主消费最少、弃风弃光惩罚最少、碳排放总量最小为目标,协同调度火电机组、新能源与PEV出力,实现PEV的时域调度;下层配电网模型以网损最小为目标,通过最优潮流计算实现PEV的空间调度。算例结果表明,对PEV进行有效调度并配合合理的电网规划方案,可降低电网运行成本,提高其对可再生能源的消纳能力。展开更多
A new physics scenario to explain PeV neutrinos observed in the IceCube experiment is introduced,with dark matter and dark energy considered.A slowly decaying very heavy fermion with a Pe V mass as the dark matter par...A new physics scenario to explain PeV neutrinos observed in the IceCube experiment is introduced,with dark matter and dark energy considered.A slowly decaying very heavy fermion with a Pe V mass as the dark matter particle is the origin of the PeV neutrinos.They couple to an extremely light field and this light field constitutes the dark energy.展开更多
建立包含电动汽车充、放、耗电约束的风电电动汽车协同利用模型,根据决策变量的不同将充放电模式分为自由充电、不含V2G(Vehicle to grid)和含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用。以风电利用率和风电在电网能源结构中电量占比作为衡量水平,...建立包含电动汽车充、放、耗电约束的风电电动汽车协同利用模型,根据决策变量的不同将充放电模式分为自由充电、不含V2G(Vehicle to grid)和含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用。以风电利用率和风电在电网能源结构中电量占比作为衡量水平,分析不同充电模式、电动汽车数量和风电装机容量下的风电接纳能力。含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用能够最大限度提高电网风电接纳能力,且在风电装机容量较大时更能显示出含有V2G的协同利用充放电模式的优势,含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用是实现大规模风电并网的有效方式,同时一定负荷和风电装机水平的电网存在一个最佳匹配的电动汽车数量。展开更多
Based on the lithium-ion battery pure electric vehicle （PEV） application, two capacity types of batteries are applied in thermal characteristic experiments. With the experimental comparison method, battery thermal c...Based on the lithium-ion battery pure electric vehicle （PEV） application, two capacity types of batteries are applied in thermal characteristic experiments. With the experimental comparison method, battery thermal characteristics and heat generation mechanism are studied. Experiments of batteries in cases of different dimensions, batteries with different air cooling velocity and two capacity types of batteries in free convection environment are put forward. Battery heat generation performance, heat dissipation performance and comparison of different capacity types＇ batteries are researched and summarized. Conclusions of battery heat generation and dissipation in PEV applications, important battery thermal management factors and suggestions are put forward.展开更多
猪肠道病毒甲型(PEV A)是一种无囊膜、球形的单股正链RNA病毒,属于小RNA病毒科,能引起猪脑脊髓灰质炎、肠道、呼吸道、生殖器官疾病等多系统综合征。本试验采用基于PAS(PCR-based accurate synthesis)的方法,设计全长拼接引物,在引物的...猪肠道病毒甲型(PEV A)是一种无囊膜、球形的单股正链RNA病毒,属于小RNA病毒科,能引起猪脑脊髓灰质炎、肠道、呼吸道、生殖器官疾病等多系统综合征。本试验采用基于PAS(PCR-based accurate synthesis)的方法,设计全长拼接引物,在引物的两端各设计了保护性碱基合成基因PEV A 3C,连入表达载体pCzn1;获得的重组质粒pCzn1-PEV A 3C转入Arctic Express表达菌株。诱导表达目的蛋白PEV A 3C,通过Ni柱亲和纯化获得目的蛋白。结果表明,成功构建了原核表达菌株,其所表达的融合蛋白分子质量约为21.7 ku,为下一步PEV A特异性ELISA检测方法的建立奠定了基础。展开更多
While renewable power generation and vehicle electrification are promising solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it faces great challenges to effectively integrate them in a power grid. The weather-dependent p...While renewable power generation and vehicle electrification are promising solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it faces great challenges to effectively integrate them in a power grid. The weather-dependent power generation of renewable energy sources, such as Photovoltaic (PV) arrays, could introduce significant intermittency to a power grid. Meanwhile, uncontrolled PEV charging may cause load surge in a power grid. This paper studies the optimization of PEV charging/discharging scheduling to reduce customer cost and improve grid performance. Optimization algorithms are developed for three cases: 1) minimize cost, 2) minimize power deviation from a pre-defined power profile, and 3) combine objective functions in 1) and 2). A Microgrid with PV arrays, bi-directional PEV charging stations, and a commercial building is used in this study. The bi-directional power from/to PEVs provides the opportunity of using PEVs to reduce the intermittency of PV power generation and the peak load of the Microgrid. Simulation has been performed for all three cases and the simulation results show that the presented optimization algorithms can meet defined objectives.展开更多
The tiny modification of dispersion relation induced by Lorentz violation(LV)is an essential topic in quantum gravity(QG)theories,which can be magnified into significant effects when dealing with astrophysical observa...The tiny modification of dispersion relation induced by Lorentz violation(LV)is an essential topic in quantum gravity(QG)theories,which can be magnified into significant effects when dealing with astrophysical observations at high energies and long propagation distances.LV would lead to photon decay at high energies;therefore,observations of high-energy photons could constrain LV or even QG theories.The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)is the most sensitive gamma-array instrument currently operating above 100 TeV.Recently,LHAASO reported the detection of 12 sources above 100 TeV with maximum photon energy exceeding 1 PeV.According to these observations,the most stringent restriction is achieved in this study,i.e.,limiting the LV energy scale to 1.7×10^(33) eV,which is over 139,000 times that of the Planck energy,and achieving an improvement of approximately 1.9 orders of magnitude over previous limits.展开更多
文摘可入网电动汽车(plug-in electric vehicle,PEV)近年来发展迅猛,考虑PEV与清洁能源大量并网后的差异性需求,构建兼顾输电网、配电网与用户利益的双层规划模型。上层输电网规划以系统运行成本最小、车主消费最少、弃风弃光惩罚最少、碳排放总量最小为目标,协同调度火电机组、新能源与PEV出力,实现PEV的时域调度;下层配电网模型以网损最小为目标,通过最优潮流计算实现PEV的空间调度。算例结果表明,对PEV进行有效调度并配合合理的电网规划方案,可降低电网运行成本,提高其对可再生能源的消纳能力。
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875306 and 12275335)。
文摘A new physics scenario to explain PeV neutrinos observed in the IceCube experiment is introduced,with dark matter and dark energy considered.A slowly decaying very heavy fermion with a Pe V mass as the dark matter particle is the origin of the PeV neutrinos.They couple to an extremely light field and this light field constitutes the dark energy.
文摘建立包含电动汽车充、放、耗电约束的风电电动汽车协同利用模型,根据决策变量的不同将充放电模式分为自由充电、不含V2G(Vehicle to grid)和含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用。以风电利用率和风电在电网能源结构中电量占比作为衡量水平,分析不同充电模式、电动汽车数量和风电装机容量下的风电接纳能力。含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用能够最大限度提高电网风电接纳能力,且在风电装机容量较大时更能显示出含有V2G的协同利用充放电模式的优势,含有V2G的风电电动汽车协同利用是实现大规模风电并网的有效方式,同时一定负荷和风电装机水平的电网存在一个最佳匹配的电动汽车数量。
文摘Based on the lithium-ion battery pure electric vehicle （PEV） application, two capacity types of batteries are applied in thermal characteristic experiments. With the experimental comparison method, battery thermal characteristics and heat generation mechanism are studied. Experiments of batteries in cases of different dimensions, batteries with different air cooling velocity and two capacity types of batteries in free convection environment are put forward. Battery heat generation performance, heat dissipation performance and comparison of different capacity types＇ batteries are researched and summarized. Conclusions of battery heat generation and dissipation in PEV applications, important battery thermal management factors and suggestions are put forward.
文摘猪肠道病毒甲型(PEV A)是一种无囊膜、球形的单股正链RNA病毒,属于小RNA病毒科,能引起猪脑脊髓灰质炎、肠道、呼吸道、生殖器官疾病等多系统综合征。本试验采用基于PAS(PCR-based accurate synthesis)的方法,设计全长拼接引物,在引物的两端各设计了保护性碱基合成基因PEV A 3C,连入表达载体pCzn1;获得的重组质粒pCzn1-PEV A 3C转入Arctic Express表达菌株。诱导表达目的蛋白PEV A 3C,通过Ni柱亲和纯化获得目的蛋白。结果表明,成功构建了原核表达菌株,其所表达的融合蛋白分子质量约为21.7 ku,为下一步PEV A特异性ELISA检测方法的建立奠定了基础。
文摘While renewable power generation and vehicle electrification are promising solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it faces great challenges to effectively integrate them in a power grid. The weather-dependent power generation of renewable energy sources, such as Photovoltaic (PV) arrays, could introduce significant intermittency to a power grid. Meanwhile, uncontrolled PEV charging may cause load surge in a power grid. This paper studies the optimization of PEV charging/discharging scheduling to reduce customer cost and improve grid performance. Optimization algorithms are developed for three cases: 1) minimize cost, 2) minimize power deviation from a pre-defined power profile, and 3) combine objective functions in 1) and 2). A Microgrid with PV arrays, bi-directional PEV charging stations, and a commercial building is used in this study. The bi-directional power from/to PEVs provides the opportunity of using PEVs to reduce the intermittency of PV power generation and the peak load of the Microgrid. Simulation has been performed for all three cases and the simulation results show that the presented optimization algorithms can meet defined objectives.
基金Supported in China by National Key R&D program of China(2018YFA0404201)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12022502)。
文摘The tiny modification of dispersion relation induced by Lorentz violation(LV)is an essential topic in quantum gravity(QG)theories,which can be magnified into significant effects when dealing with astrophysical observations at high energies and long propagation distances.LV would lead to photon decay at high energies;therefore,observations of high-energy photons could constrain LV or even QG theories.The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)is the most sensitive gamma-array instrument currently operating above 100 TeV.Recently,LHAASO reported the detection of 12 sources above 100 TeV with maximum photon energy exceeding 1 PeV.According to these observations,the most stringent restriction is achieved in this study,i.e.,limiting the LV energy scale to 1.7×10^(33) eV,which is over 139,000 times that of the Planck energy,and achieving an improvement of approximately 1.9 orders of magnitude over previous limits.
