It is being increasingly recognized that patients with liver disease develop bone loss that can be severe enough to lead to atraumatic fractures and thus markedly diminish life quality and expectancy. The estimated pr...It is being increasingly recognized that patients with liver disease develop bone loss that can be severe enough to lead to atraumatic fractures and thus markedly diminish life quality and expectancy. The estimated prevalence for liver-related osteoporosis is between 20-420/100000 of the general population, and fractures between 60-880/100000. It should be kept in mind that up to 40% of patients with chronic liver disease may experience a fracture. The pathogenic mediators include fibronectin, insulin like growth factor-I, and various cytokines, but decreased vitamin D and/or treatment with corticosteroids contribute to worsening bone health. Despite the advances in bone biology that have shed some light on the pathogenesis of this bone loss, treatment options remain nonspecific and tightly linked to treatments of other forms of osteoporosis. Thus, treatment should include calcium and vitamin D supplementation in all patients with chronic liver disease. Therapy with bisphosphonates should be considered, especially in patients receiving corticosteroids. This review focuses on the prevalence of this entity as well as the evidence available with regard to the pathogenesis of bone loss in liver disease, the diagnostic steps required in all patients, and the therapeutic options available.展开更多
A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor based on zinc oxide （ZnO） nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） for DNA immobilization and enhanced hybridization detection is presented. The MWNTs/nano ZnO/...A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor based on zinc oxide （ZnO） nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） for DNA immobilization and enhanced hybridization detection is presented. The MWNTs/nano ZnO/chitosan composite film modified glassy carbon electrode （MWNTs/ZnO/CHIT/GCE） was fabricated and DNA probes were immobilized on the electrode surface. The hybridization events were monitored by differential pulse voltammetry （DPV） using methylene blue （MB） as an indicator. The sensor can effectively discriminate different DNA sequences related to PAT gene in the transgenic corn, with a detection limit of 2.8× 10^-12 mol/L of target sequence.展开更多
In plants, proper seed development and the continuing post-embryonic organogenesis both require that dif- ferent cell types are correctly differentiated in response to internal and external stimuli. Among internal sti...In plants, proper seed development and the continuing post-embryonic organogenesis both require that dif- ferent cell types are correctly differentiated in response to internal and external stimuli. Among internal stimuli, plant hormones and particularly auxin and its polar transport （PAT） have been shown to regulate a multitude of plant phys- iological processes during vegetative and reproductive development. Although our current auxin knowledge is almost based on the results from researches on the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana, during the last few years, many studies tried to transfer this knowledge from model to crop species, maize in particular. Applications of auxin transport inhibitors, mutant characterization, and molecular and cell biology approaches, facilitated by the sequencing of the maize genome, allowed the identification of genes involved in auxin metabolism, signaling, and particularly in polar auxin transport. PIN auxin efflux carriers have been shown to play an essential role in regulating PAT during both seed and post-embryonic development in maize. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent findings on PIN-mediated polar auxin transport during maize development. Similarities and differences between maize and Arabidopsis are analyzed and discussed, also considering that their different plant architecture depends on the differentiation of structures whose development is con- trolled by auxins.展开更多
为了准确评估告警信号产生时智能变电站保护系统的可靠运行情况,研究了一种基于进程仿真工具PAT的智能变电站保护信息交互建模与验证方法。分析了多个厂家保护装置的原理,构造了保护系统的告警故障树,给出了各保护子功能的工作条件与告...为了准确评估告警信号产生时智能变电站保护系统的可靠运行情况,研究了一种基于进程仿真工具PAT的智能变电站保护信息交互建模与验证方法。分析了多个厂家保护装置的原理,构造了保护系统的告警故障树,给出了各保护子功能的工作条件与告警信号的对应关系。采用进程仿真工具PAT的实时系统模块RTS(Real-Time System Module),对各IED的内部工作、各IED之间的交互过程等进行建模,包括工作条件、各进程之间的信息传递与时序等,给出了保护子功能死锁与保护系统运行阶段的断言与验证。多个算例验证了基于PAT包含告警信号的智能变电站保护系统交互建模与验证方法的有效性,提高了保护模型的准确性和实用性。展开更多
工艺验证是制药企业实施GMP规范的关键问题。2011年1月24日,FDA发布了工艺验证指南的正式版指南文件《Process Validation:General Principles and Practices》。修订后的指南文件更加明确和具体,必将对意图进军国际市场的制药企业产生...工艺验证是制药企业实施GMP规范的关键问题。2011年1月24日,FDA发布了工艺验证指南的正式版指南文件《Process Validation:General Principles and Practices》。修订后的指南文件更加明确和具体,必将对意图进军国际市场的制药企业产生深远和广泛的影响。笔者通过查阅FDA网站资料,对FDA最新工艺验证指南正式版进行翻译和解析,希望为中国制药企业提供借鉴和帮助。展开更多
AIM: To investigate the clinical features and prognoses of elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma and to compare the effects of radiotherapy and rates of treatment-related pneumonitis (TRP) between elderly and non...AIM: To investigate the clinical features and prognoses of elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma and to compare the effects of radiotherapy and rates of treatment-related pneumonitis (TRP) between elderly and non-elderly patients.展开更多
文摘It is being increasingly recognized that patients with liver disease develop bone loss that can be severe enough to lead to atraumatic fractures and thus markedly diminish life quality and expectancy. The estimated prevalence for liver-related osteoporosis is between 20-420/100000 of the general population, and fractures between 60-880/100000. It should be kept in mind that up to 40% of patients with chronic liver disease may experience a fracture. The pathogenic mediators include fibronectin, insulin like growth factor-I, and various cytokines, but decreased vitamin D and/or treatment with corticosteroids contribute to worsening bone health. Despite the advances in bone biology that have shed some light on the pathogenesis of this bone loss, treatment options remain nonspecific and tightly linked to treatments of other forms of osteoporosis. Thus, treatment should include calcium and vitamin D supplementation in all patients with chronic liver disease. Therapy with bisphosphonates should be considered, especially in patients receiving corticosteroids. This review focuses on the prevalence of this entity as well as the evidence available with regard to the pathogenesis of bone loss in liver disease, the diagnostic steps required in all patients, and the therapeutic options available.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20635020,No.20375020)Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20060426001).
文摘A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor based on zinc oxide （ZnO） nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） for DNA immobilization and enhanced hybridization detection is presented. The MWNTs/nano ZnO/chitosan composite film modified glassy carbon electrode （MWNTs/ZnO/CHIT/GCE） was fabricated and DNA probes were immobilized on the electrode surface. The hybridization events were monitored by differential pulse voltammetry （DPV） using methylene blue （MB） as an indicator. The sensor can effectively discriminate different DNA sequences related to PAT gene in the transgenic corn, with a detection limit of 2.8× 10^-12 mol/L of target sequence.
文摘In plants, proper seed development and the continuing post-embryonic organogenesis both require that dif- ferent cell types are correctly differentiated in response to internal and external stimuli. Among internal stimuli, plant hormones and particularly auxin and its polar transport （PAT） have been shown to regulate a multitude of plant phys- iological processes during vegetative and reproductive development. Although our current auxin knowledge is almost based on the results from researches on the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana, during the last few years, many studies tried to transfer this knowledge from model to crop species, maize in particular. Applications of auxin transport inhibitors, mutant characterization, and molecular and cell biology approaches, facilitated by the sequencing of the maize genome, allowed the identification of genes involved in auxin metabolism, signaling, and particularly in polar auxin transport. PIN auxin efflux carriers have been shown to play an essential role in regulating PAT during both seed and post-embryonic development in maize. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent findings on PIN-mediated polar auxin transport during maize development. Similarities and differences between maize and Arabidopsis are analyzed and discussed, also considering that their different plant architecture depends on the differentiation of structures whose development is con- trolled by auxins.
文摘为了准确评估告警信号产生时智能变电站保护系统的可靠运行情况,研究了一种基于进程仿真工具PAT的智能变电站保护信息交互建模与验证方法。分析了多个厂家保护装置的原理,构造了保护系统的告警故障树,给出了各保护子功能的工作条件与告警信号的对应关系。采用进程仿真工具PAT的实时系统模块RTS(Real-Time System Module),对各IED的内部工作、各IED之间的交互过程等进行建模,包括工作条件、各进程之间的信息传递与时序等,给出了保护子功能死锁与保护系统运行阶段的断言与验证。多个算例验证了基于PAT包含告警信号的智能变电站保护系统交互建模与验证方法的有效性,提高了保护模型的准确性和实用性。
文摘工艺验证是制药企业实施GMP规范的关键问题。2011年1月24日,FDA发布了工艺验证指南的正式版指南文件《Process Validation:General Principles and Practices》。修订后的指南文件更加明确和具体,必将对意图进军国际市场的制药企业产生深远和广泛的影响。笔者通过查阅FDA网站资料,对FDA最新工艺验证指南正式版进行翻译和解析,希望为中国制药企业提供借鉴和帮助。
基金Supported by The Ministry of Civil Affairs of the China,No.2008 47-2-53
文摘AIM: To investigate the clinical features and prognoses of elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma and to compare the effects of radiotherapy and rates of treatment-related pneumonitis (TRP) between elderly and non-elderly patients.
