Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body...Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body mass of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats were 82.9 mm, 89.7 mm and 59.1 g, respectively; and the corresponding values of Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats were 68.4 mm, 61.3 mm and 19.7 g, respectively. Echolocation frequency and the three parameters of body size, head-body length, forearm length and body mass, were all negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were -0.86, -1.58 and -2.19, respectively. This study thereby proved that echolocation frequency and body size were negatively correlated in the two species of hipposiderid bats.展开更多
Multimodal communication in animals is common,and is particularly well studied in signals that include both visual and auditory components.Multimodal signals that combine acoustic and olfactory components are less wel...Multimodal communication in animals is common,and is particularly well studied in signals that include both visual and auditory components.Multimodal signals that combine acoustic and olfactory components are less well known.Multimodal communication plays a crucial role in agonistic interactions in many mammals,but relatively little is known about this type of communication in nocturnal mammals.Here,we used male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats Hipposideros armiger to investigate multimodal signal function in acoustic and olfactory aggressive displays.We monitored the physiological responses(heart rate[HR])when H.armiger was presented with 1 of 3 stimuli:territorial calls,forehead gland odors,and bimodal signals(calls+odors).Results showed that H.armiger rapidly increased their HR when exposed to any of the 3 stimuli.However,the duration of elevated HR and magnitude of change in HR increased significantly more when acoustic stimuli were presented alone compared with the presentation of olfactory stimuli alone.In contrast,the duration of elevated HR and magnitude of change in HR were significantly higher with bimodal stimuli than with olfactory stimuli alone,but no significant differences were found between the HR response to acoustic and bimodal stimuli.Our previous work showed that acoustic and chemical signals provided different types of information;here we describe experiments investigating the responses to those signals.These results suggest that olfactory and acoustic signals are non-redundant signal components,and that the acoustic component is the dominant modality in male H.armiger,at least as it related to HR.This study provides the first evidence that acoustic signals dominate over olfactory signals during agonistic interactions in a nocturnal mammal.展开更多
文摘Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body mass of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats were 82.9 mm, 89.7 mm and 59.1 g, respectively; and the corresponding values of Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats were 68.4 mm, 61.3 mm and 19.7 g, respectively. Echolocation frequency and the three parameters of body size, head-body length, forearm length and body mass, were all negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were -0.86, -1.58 and -2.19, respectively. This study thereby proved that echolocation frequency and body size were negatively correlated in the two species of hipposiderid bats.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872680,31922050)the Program for Introducing Talents to Universities(B16011).
文摘Multimodal communication in animals is common,and is particularly well studied in signals that include both visual and auditory components.Multimodal signals that combine acoustic and olfactory components are less well known.Multimodal communication plays a crucial role in agonistic interactions in many mammals,but relatively little is known about this type of communication in nocturnal mammals.Here,we used male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats Hipposideros armiger to investigate multimodal signal function in acoustic and olfactory aggressive displays.We monitored the physiological responses(heart rate[HR])when H.armiger was presented with 1 of 3 stimuli:territorial calls,forehead gland odors,and bimodal signals(calls+odors).Results showed that H.armiger rapidly increased their HR when exposed to any of the 3 stimuli.However,the duration of elevated HR and magnitude of change in HR increased significantly more when acoustic stimuli were presented alone compared with the presentation of olfactory stimuli alone.In contrast,the duration of elevated HR and magnitude of change in HR were significantly higher with bimodal stimuli than with olfactory stimuli alone,but no significant differences were found between the HR response to acoustic and bimodal stimuli.Our previous work showed that acoustic and chemical signals provided different types of information;here we describe experiments investigating the responses to those signals.These results suggest that olfactory and acoustic signals are non-redundant signal components,and that the acoustic component is the dominant modality in male H.armiger,at least as it related to HR.This study provides the first evidence that acoustic signals dominate over olfactory signals during agonistic interactions in a nocturnal mammal.
