介绍了我国《绿色建筑评价标准》与LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design)即美国能源与环境设计先锋奖评定标准中,关于雨洪控制利用的评定内容,对两套标准关于雨洪控制利用的理念及具体评价条文差别进行了比较分析,并剖析...介绍了我国《绿色建筑评价标准》与LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design)即美国能源与环境设计先锋奖评定标准中,关于雨洪控制利用的评定内容,对两套标准关于雨洪控制利用的理念及具体评价条文差别进行了比较分析,并剖析了产生这些不同的深层次原因。简要比较了两套标准背后关于雨洪控制利用的支撑技术体系,为我国更好地推行绿色建筑和科学地实施城市雨洪控制利用提供一些启示和参考。最后对我国在实施《绿色建筑评价标准》和推行"绿色"理念中如何更好地实施城市雨洪控制利用提出一些建议。展开更多
China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as on...China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as one of the key concerns for municipal officials. One of the strategies being considered is the use of a Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices （LID BMPs） for urban storm water runoff quantity and quality control. In this paper, the situation surrounding urban runoff control in China is reviewed first. Then the conventional strategy and technologies for the construction and management of urban drainage systems are discussed, while exploring their inherent dilemmas. The LID BMPs are then introduced to control urban runoff in the context of urban sustainable water systems. After the comprehensive analysis of the various LID BMPs, the advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China are investigated and summarized. At last, the difficulties of implementing LID BMPs in China are discussed, and a direction for the future is proposed.展开更多
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature.Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartila...Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature.Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue.Here,we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions,to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering.These include various signaling pathways,including fibroblast growth factors(FGFs),transforming growth factor b(TGF-b)/bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs),Wnt/b-catenin,Hedgehog,Notch,hypoxia,and angiogenic signaling pathways.Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed.Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.展开更多
目的采用薄膜分散-超声法制备磁性颗粒(bacterial magnetic particles,BMPs)脂质体,考察BMPs浓度、超声功率和超声时间等因素对BMPs磁性脂质体粒径的影响。方法薄膜分散-超声法制备BMPs脂质体,调节BMPs浓度、超声功率和超声时间等因素,...目的采用薄膜分散-超声法制备磁性颗粒(bacterial magnetic particles,BMPs)脂质体,考察BMPs浓度、超声功率和超声时间等因素对BMPs磁性脂质体粒径的影响。方法薄膜分散-超声法制备BMPs脂质体,调节BMPs浓度、超声功率和超声时间等因素,激光散射粒度仪测定磁性脂质体粒径。结果以薄膜分散-超声法制备的BMPs脂质体,BMPs浓度在(20～60)μg/mL时,磁性脂质体粒径基本稳定,平均94.9 nm;BMPs浓度在(60～100)μg/mL时,磁性脂质体粒径随着BMPs浓度增加而有增大的趋势。超声功率的增加或超声有效时间增大时,磁性脂质体的平均粒径有减小趋势,当超声功率为300 W、有效超声时间为100 s时,粒径出现最小值;但其后都存在转折,随着超声功率的再增加或超声有效时间再增大时,平均粒径反而出现增大现象。结论薄膜分散-超声法制备BMPs脂质体,通过控制BMPs浓度、超声功率和超声时间等因素,可以对磁性脂质体粒径进行调节。展开更多
文摘介绍了我国《绿色建筑评价标准》与LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environment Design)即美国能源与环境设计先锋奖评定标准中,关于雨洪控制利用的评定内容,对两套标准关于雨洪控制利用的理念及具体评价条文差别进行了比较分析,并剖析了产生这些不同的深层次原因。简要比较了两套标准背后关于雨洪控制利用的支撑技术体系,为我国更好地推行绿色建筑和科学地实施城市雨洪控制利用提供一些启示和参考。最后对我国在实施《绿色建筑评价标准》和推行"绿色"理念中如何更好地实施城市雨洪控制利用提出一些建议。
文摘China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as one of the key concerns for municipal officials. One of the strategies being considered is the use of a Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices （LID BMPs） for urban storm water runoff quantity and quality control. In this paper, the situation surrounding urban runoff control in China is reviewed first. Then the conventional strategy and technologies for the construction and management of urban drainage systems are discussed, while exploring their inherent dilemmas. The LID BMPs are then introduced to control urban runoff in the context of urban sustainable water systems. After the comprehensive analysis of the various LID BMPs, the advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China are investigated and summarized. At last, the difficulties of implementing LID BMPs in China are discussed, and a direction for the future is proposed.
基金The authors’ laboratories were supported in part byresearch grants from the National Institutes of Health(AR50142, AR054381, and AT004418 to RCH, HHL, and TCH)and Scoliosis Research Society (MJL)JDG and VT were recipientsof the Pritzker Summer Research Fellowship fundedthrough a NIH T-35 training grant (NIDDK)MKM was arecipient of Howard Hughes Medical Institute MedicalResearch Fellowship.
文摘Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature.Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue.Here,we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions,to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering.These include various signaling pathways,including fibroblast growth factors(FGFs),transforming growth factor b(TGF-b)/bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs),Wnt/b-catenin,Hedgehog,Notch,hypoxia,and angiogenic signaling pathways.Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed.Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
