The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of ...The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach, which may influence the stability of the fiver regime and the effect of existing river training works. Therefore, bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach, and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach. In this study, various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated, based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions. It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach, although other factors, such as bank soil properties, can also influence bank retreat. The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002. The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons. The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002-2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships, with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.展开更多
During the rain time, the runoff infiltrates into the riverbank through the collecting gutter and slope surface. The city runoff is generally polluted by organic, oil, heavy metal particulates, etc. The pollutants mov...During the rain time, the runoff infiltrates into the riverbank through the collecting gutter and slope surface. The city runoff is generally polluted by organic, oil, heavy metal particulates, etc. The pollutants moving with the water through the riverbank experience advection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biochemical reaction and plant uptaking processes. In this article, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of pollutant removal of the riverbank. The model took those main mechanisms into account. The modified Richards equation was used in simulating flow field. The mass balance law was employed in deriving the equation for pollutant transport, where the diffusion and dispersion were described with the Fick-type law, the adsorption was macroscopically expressed as form isotherm, and the bio-chemical degradation process was assumed to follow the Monod kinetics. The NH3-N and TP were considered in the present model. The mathematical model was descritized with a finite element numerical model, which was applied to two types of model riverbanks. In the model test, the hydraulic loading was assumed to have the intermittent pattern simulating the storm runoff of certain return period, and the values of the rainfall runoff and concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were taken from the model test. The computed overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP in 6 cases are in the range of 88%-98%, 87%-97%, respectively. The differences between the computed and tested overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP are less than 5%. The time-varying oscillation pattern of the concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were rationally simulated, which shows that the model presented in this article can be used to assess the purification performance of the riverbank constructed with sand or soil.展开更多
By taking the advantages of remote sensing technology, changes of land cover in Ca Mau Peninsular （the Southern part of the Mekong delta） and erosion of riverbank of the Mekong River have been defined. Change detect...By taking the advantages of remote sensing technology, changes of land cover in Ca Mau Peninsular （the Southern part of the Mekong delta） and erosion of riverbank of the Mekong River have been defined. Change detection using time-series optical and radar satellite images （Landsat, SPOT and Radarsat） is the main approach in this study. Typical land cover in Ca Mau Peninsular is mangrove; its changes are observable by analysing imageries from 1973 to 2008. The results showed that more than half of the mangrove area was converted into shrimp farms. This made forest cover severely declined. Riverbank of the Mekong River also was detected to be eroded and accreted in a complicated form. Locations along the left and right banks of Tien and Hau river are defined as hot spots that are seriously suffered erosions. Topographic maps in 1966-1968 were taken into account as base line data, which was analyzed along with satellite images from 1989 to 2009. In addition, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System （DSAS） package was taken to analyze trend of changes in terms of changing prediction.展开更多
针对目前地下水修复技术方法众多,有着不同适用性和优缺点的情况,对不同的污染场地类型国内外尚未形成一套成熟的筛选机制.本文引入IOC(importance order of the criteria)筛选法,以地下水修复技术的修复成本、修复时长、技术有效性、...针对目前地下水修复技术方法众多,有着不同适用性和优缺点的情况,对不同的污染场地类型国内外尚未形成一套成熟的筛选机制.本文引入IOC(importance order of the criteria)筛选法,以地下水修复技术的修复成本、修复时长、技术有效性、技术可靠性、工人保护及人群保护为筛选指标,以吉林市某废弃工厂为研究区,在结合地下水污染调查和地下水人体健康风险评价的基础上确定了场地地下水的修复目标污染物,根据场地区域水文地质条件分析和目标污染物特性,结合抽出处理、曝气技术、渗透反应墙等地下水污染修复技术特点,筛选出合理的地下水污染修复方案.结果显示,场地地下水中苯并(a)芘的致癌风险超过单项污染物的可接受致癌风险限值,确定为修复目标污染物.经过IOC排序法分析确定,在有效性优先条件下,抽出-生物反应器法是理想的修复技术;在经济优先的条件下,地下水曝气技术适用于该场地的修复技术;综合有效性和经济优先2种条件,组合技术抽出-生物反应器法结合地下水曝气技术适宜于该场地的修复技术.展开更多
Soil bioengineering has been applied more and more in different regions of Brazil in recent years. The study in hand presents the installation of “new” riparian forest based on soil bioengineering techniques. This r...Soil bioengineering has been applied more and more in different regions of Brazil in recent years. The study in hand presents the installation of “new” riparian forest based on soil bioengineering techniques. This riverbank restoration work was implemented in the year 2010 and two onsite vegetation surveys, one shortly after the construction, and one in 2013. Besides that, the structures of reinforcement work, and its effectiveness were evaluated. By means of the vegetation survey, the applied species were examined for their ability to establish the riverbank in an environmentally sustainable way. Most notably, the species Calliandra brevipes Benth. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), Phyllanthus sellowianus Müller Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Salix humboldtiana Willd. (Salicaceae), Bauhinia forficate Link (Leguminosae), Inga marginata Willd. (Mimosoideae) and Ateleia glazioveana Baill. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) showed a good growth development. The proportion of spontaneous vegetation increased significantly, with Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. becoming a dominating species. Resulting from that, the intervention can be assessed as functional and safe, but the strong increase of spontaneous vegetation is undesirable due to less flood resistance. The vegetated riprap could be the best to meet the expectations of the construction elements. Partly, the anchored willows showed as well a good growth development whereas the species used for the hedge brush layer could not develop as expected in large parts of the construction.展开更多
A meandering riverbank plays a vital role in maintaining natural river ecosystems,providing habitats for riparian vegetation.However,dams have significantly altered riverbank shapes.To restore the riparian ecosystems,...A meandering riverbank plays a vital role in maintaining natural river ecosystems,providing habitats for riparian vegetation.However,dams have significantly altered riverbank shapes.To restore the riparian ecosystems,it is imperative to understand how different riverbank curvatures influence them.This study aims to uncover the ecological impacts of riverbank curvature on the structure and assembly process of plant communities in the riparian zone of the Yangtze River,regulated by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD)in China.We categorized the riparian zones into four types:cove,lobe,wavy and linear shapes.We documented the composition and diversity of riparian plant communities.Our findings revealed that wavy and cove riverbanks exhibited greater species diversity(with Shannon–Wiener diversity index values 1.5×higher)compared to communities along linear riverbanks.Furthermore,the analysis of functional traits indicated that wavy riverbanks promoted the differentiation of plant functional traits,thus enhancing ecosystem functions,with functional dispersion index(FDis)values 1.3 times higher than those of linear riverbanks.Significant variations in the assembly of riparian communities were also observed among different riverbanks,with standardized effect size(SES)values indicating a higher degree of niche differentiation in cove riverbanks(SES=0.4)compared to linear riverbanks(SES=–0.6).These results highlight the ecological importance of diverse riverbank curvatures in influencing the diversity,structure and assembly of riparian communities along the waterway.In summary,this study underscores the necessity of maintaining or restoring various natural morphological curvatures when rehabilitating riparian communities along rivers impacted by human activities.展开更多
Urban riverbank has connected water and land eco-system in the city,not only playing a vital role in releasing flood and conserving water and soil,but also of significant landscape and ecological value.In view of rive...Urban riverbank has connected water and land eco-system in the city,not only playing a vital role in releasing flood and conserving water and soil,but also of significant landscape and ecological value.In view of riverbank greening construction in the comprehensive improvement of rivers in Kunming City in recent years,the paper has analyzed three common riverbank greening modes based on the field survey,that is,protective greening,landscape greening and ecological greening.Then,some suggestions and countermeasures have been proposed,including enhancing construction of ecological river,exploring historical and cultural connotation of rivers,and selecting reasonable plants' species and disposition mode.展开更多
基金supported by the CRSRI Open Research Program(Grant No.CKWV2014204/KY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51079103 and 51339001)the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Project)(Grant No.2012CB417001)
文摘The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach, which may influence the stability of the fiver regime and the effect of existing river training works. Therefore, bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach, and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach. In this study, various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated, based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions. It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach, although other factors, such as bank soil properties, can also influence bank retreat. The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002. The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons. The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002-2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships, with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.
文摘During the rain time, the runoff infiltrates into the riverbank through the collecting gutter and slope surface. The city runoff is generally polluted by organic, oil, heavy metal particulates, etc. The pollutants moving with the water through the riverbank experience advection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biochemical reaction and plant uptaking processes. In this article, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of pollutant removal of the riverbank. The model took those main mechanisms into account. The modified Richards equation was used in simulating flow field. The mass balance law was employed in deriving the equation for pollutant transport, where the diffusion and dispersion were described with the Fick-type law, the adsorption was macroscopically expressed as form isotherm, and the bio-chemical degradation process was assumed to follow the Monod kinetics. The NH3-N and TP were considered in the present model. The mathematical model was descritized with a finite element numerical model, which was applied to two types of model riverbanks. In the model test, the hydraulic loading was assumed to have the intermittent pattern simulating the storm runoff of certain return period, and the values of the rainfall runoff and concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were taken from the model test. The computed overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP in 6 cases are in the range of 88%-98%, 87%-97%, respectively. The differences between the computed and tested overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP are less than 5%. The time-varying oscillation pattern of the concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were rationally simulated, which shows that the model presented in this article can be used to assess the purification performance of the riverbank constructed with sand or soil.
文摘By taking the advantages of remote sensing technology, changes of land cover in Ca Mau Peninsular （the Southern part of the Mekong delta） and erosion of riverbank of the Mekong River have been defined. Change detection using time-series optical and radar satellite images （Landsat, SPOT and Radarsat） is the main approach in this study. Typical land cover in Ca Mau Peninsular is mangrove; its changes are observable by analysing imageries from 1973 to 2008. The results showed that more than half of the mangrove area was converted into shrimp farms. This made forest cover severely declined. Riverbank of the Mekong River also was detected to be eroded and accreted in a complicated form. Locations along the left and right banks of Tien and Hau river are defined as hot spots that are seriously suffered erosions. Topographic maps in 1966-1968 were taken into account as base line data, which was analyzed along with satellite images from 1989 to 2009. In addition, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System （DSAS） package was taken to analyze trend of changes in terms of changing prediction.
文摘针对目前地下水修复技术方法众多,有着不同适用性和优缺点的情况,对不同的污染场地类型国内外尚未形成一套成熟的筛选机制.本文引入IOC(importance order of the criteria)筛选法,以地下水修复技术的修复成本、修复时长、技术有效性、技术可靠性、工人保护及人群保护为筛选指标,以吉林市某废弃工厂为研究区,在结合地下水污染调查和地下水人体健康风险评价的基础上确定了场地地下水的修复目标污染物,根据场地区域水文地质条件分析和目标污染物特性,结合抽出处理、曝气技术、渗透反应墙等地下水污染修复技术特点,筛选出合理的地下水污染修复方案.结果显示,场地地下水中苯并(a)芘的致癌风险超过单项污染物的可接受致癌风险限值,确定为修复目标污染物.经过IOC排序法分析确定,在有效性优先条件下,抽出-生物反应器法是理想的修复技术;在经济优先的条件下,地下水曝气技术适用于该场地的修复技术;综合有效性和经济优先2种条件,组合技术抽出-生物反应器法结合地下水曝气技术适宜于该场地的修复技术.
文摘Soil bioengineering has been applied more and more in different regions of Brazil in recent years. The study in hand presents the installation of “new” riparian forest based on soil bioengineering techniques. This riverbank restoration work was implemented in the year 2010 and two onsite vegetation surveys, one shortly after the construction, and one in 2013. Besides that, the structures of reinforcement work, and its effectiveness were evaluated. By means of the vegetation survey, the applied species were examined for their ability to establish the riverbank in an environmentally sustainable way. Most notably, the species Calliandra brevipes Benth. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), Phyllanthus sellowianus Müller Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Salix humboldtiana Willd. (Salicaceae), Bauhinia forficate Link (Leguminosae), Inga marginata Willd. (Mimosoideae) and Ateleia glazioveana Baill. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) showed a good growth development. The proportion of spontaneous vegetation increased significantly, with Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. becoming a dominating species. Resulting from that, the intervention can be assessed as functional and safe, but the strong increase of spontaneous vegetation is undesirable due to less flood resistance. The vegetated riprap could be the best to meet the expectations of the construction elements. Partly, the anchored willows showed as well a good growth development whereas the species used for the hedge brush layer could not develop as expected in large parts of the construction.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Ecological Restoration Survey of the Maqu Area in the Zoige Basin(Grant No.DD20243100)Ecological Protection and Restoration Survey in the Dry Valley of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River(Grant No.DD20220955)+4 种基金Ecological Environment Survey and Ecological Restoration Technology Demonstration in Three Gorges Reservoir Decline Area(Chongqing Section)(Grant No.5000002021BF40001)National Natural Science Foundation of China Supervisory Program(Grant No.42371071)the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology,Doctor Through Train Project(Grant No.sl202100000390)Chongqing Municipality Key Special Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development(Grant No.CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0077)Tibet Shigatse City Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.RKZ2021KJ03).
文摘A meandering riverbank plays a vital role in maintaining natural river ecosystems,providing habitats for riparian vegetation.However,dams have significantly altered riverbank shapes.To restore the riparian ecosystems,it is imperative to understand how different riverbank curvatures influence them.This study aims to uncover the ecological impacts of riverbank curvature on the structure and assembly process of plant communities in the riparian zone of the Yangtze River,regulated by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD)in China.We categorized the riparian zones into four types:cove,lobe,wavy and linear shapes.We documented the composition and diversity of riparian plant communities.Our findings revealed that wavy and cove riverbanks exhibited greater species diversity(with Shannon–Wiener diversity index values 1.5×higher)compared to communities along linear riverbanks.Furthermore,the analysis of functional traits indicated that wavy riverbanks promoted the differentiation of plant functional traits,thus enhancing ecosystem functions,with functional dispersion index(FDis)values 1.3 times higher than those of linear riverbanks.Significant variations in the assembly of riparian communities were also observed among different riverbanks,with standardized effect size(SES)values indicating a higher degree of niche differentiation in cove riverbanks(SES=0.4)compared to linear riverbanks(SES=–0.6).These results highlight the ecological importance of diverse riverbank curvatures in influencing the diversity,structure and assembly of riparian communities along the waterway.In summary,this study underscores the necessity of maintaining or restoring various natural morphological curvatures when rehabilitating riparian communities along rivers impacted by human activities.
文摘Urban riverbank has connected water and land eco-system in the city,not only playing a vital role in releasing flood and conserving water and soil,but also of significant landscape and ecological value.In view of riverbank greening construction in the comprehensive improvement of rivers in Kunming City in recent years,the paper has analyzed three common riverbank greening modes based on the field survey,that is,protective greening,landscape greening and ecological greening.Then,some suggestions and countermeasures have been proposed,including enhancing construction of ecological river,exploring historical and cultural connotation of rivers,and selecting reasonable plants' species and disposition mode.
