近似串匹配技术在网络信息搜索、数字图书馆、模式识别、文本挖掘、IP路由查找、网络入侵检测、生物信息学、音乐研究计算等领域具有广泛的应用.基于CREW-PRAM(parallel random access machine with concurrent read and exclusive wri...近似串匹配技术在网络信息搜索、数字图书馆、模式识别、文本挖掘、IP路由查找、网络入侵检测、生物信息学、音乐研究计算等领域具有广泛的应用.基于CREW-PRAM(parallel random access machine with concurrent read and exclusive write)模型,采用波前式并行推进的方法直接计算编辑距离矩阵D,设计了一个允许k-差别的近似串匹配动态规划并行算法,该算法使用(m+1)个处理器,时间复杂度为O(n),算法理论上达到线性加速;采取水平和斜向双并行计算编辑距离矩阵D的方法,设计了一个使用a(m+1)个处理器和O(n/a+m)时间的、可伸缩的、允许k-差别的近似串匹配动态规划并行算法,+<11mna.基于分治策略,通过灵活拆分总线和合并子总线动态重构光总线系统,并充分利用光总线的消息播送技术和并行计算前缀和的方法,实现了汉明距离的并行计算,设计了两个基于LARPBS(linear arrays with reconfigurable pipelined bus system)模型的通信高效、可扩放的允许k-误配的近似串匹配并行算法,其中一个算法使用n个处理器,时间为O(m);另一个为常数时间算法,使用mn个处理器.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic, life-long, and relapsing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are no complete cure possibilities,...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic, life-long, and relapsing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are no complete cure possibilities, but combined pharmacological and nutritional therapy may induce remission of the disease. Malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies are frequent among IBD patients, so the majority of them need nutritional treatment, which not only improves the state of nutrition of the patients but has strong anti-inflammatory activity as well. Moreover, some nutrients, from early stages of life are suspected as triggering factors in the etiopathogenesis of IBD. Both parenteral and enteral nutrition is used in IBD therapy, but their practical utility in different populations and in different countries is not clearly established, and there are sometimes conflicting theories concerning the role of nutrition in IBD. This review presents the actual data from research studies on the influence of nutrition on the etiopathogenesis of IBD and the latest findings regarding its mechanisms of action. The use of both parenteral and enteral nutrition as therapeutic methods in induction and maintenance therapy in IBD treatment is also extensively discussed. Comparison of the latest research data, scientific theories concerning the role of nutrition in IBD, and different opinions about them are also presented and discussed. Additionally, some potential future perspectives for nutritional therapy are highlighted.展开更多
目的：了解0～6个月产妇对婴儿进行母乳喂养的情况，探讨影响6个月纯母乳喂养的因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行抽样，在全国的东、中、西部分别抽取一个省（市）；在每个省（市）分城乡两层，全国共抽取24个社区卫生服务...目的：了解0～6个月产妇对婴儿进行母乳喂养的情况，探讨影响6个月纯母乳喂养的因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行抽样，在全国的东、中、西部分别抽取一个省（市）；在每个省（市）分城乡两层，全国共抽取24个社区卫生服务中心、24个乡镇卫生院。由社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）召集所有其辖区范围内或曾在该医院分娩的0～6个月产妇，由调查员对产妇进行问卷调查。调查使用“母乳喂养的现况及影响因素调查问卷”，对产妇母乳喂养情况进行分析。结果0～6个月产妇纯母乳喂养率为34.5％，65.5％产妇未能坚持纯母乳喂养，主要原因为产妇自觉“乳汁分泌不足”。多因素分析结果显示，汉族、教育水平不高、无业、剖宫产、县级以上医院分娩以及分娩后1 h 以上开奶是影响0～6个月产妇进行纯母乳喂养的重要因素。结论为保证0～6个月纯母乳喂养率持续稳步提升，应针对影响纯母乳喂养的因素，采取特殊时点强力干预、特殊人群个性指导、县级机构加强管理、认知误区及时纠正等应对措施。展开更多
Exclusive enteral nutrition(EEN)is well-established as a first line therapy instead of corticosteroid(CS)therapy to treat active Crohn’s disease(CD)in children.It also has been shown to have benefits over and above i...Exclusive enteral nutrition(EEN)is well-established as a first line therapy instead of corticosteroid(CS)therapy to treat active Crohn’s disease(CD)in children.It also has been shown to have benefits over and above induction of disease remission in paediatric populations.However,other than in Japanese populations,this intervention is not routinely utilised in adults.To investigate potential reasons for variation in response between adult studies of EEN and CS therapy.The Ovid database was searched over a 6-mo period.Articles directly comparing EEN and CS therapy in adults were included.Eleven articles were identified.EEN therapy remission rates varied considerably.Poor compliance with EEN therapy due to unpalatable formula was an issue in half of the studies.Remission rates of studies that only included patients with previously untreated/new CD were higher than studies including patients with both existing and new disease.There was limited evidence to determine if disease location,duration of disease or age of diagnosis affected EEN therapy outcomes.There is some evidence to support the use of EEN as a treatment option for a select group of adults,namely those motivated to adhere to an EEN regimen and possibly those newly diagnosed with CD.In addition,the use of more palatable formulas could improve treatment compliance.展开更多
AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary Universit...AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary University Hospital.Monthly telephone interviews(1665in total) using a structured questionnaire(one for each infant) were conducted until the sixth postpartum month.Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing any BD.RESULTS:Any breastfeeding rates in the first,third,and sixth month of the infant's life reached 87.5%,57.0%and 38.75%,respectively.In the multivariate analysis,maternal smoking in the lactation period[hazard-ratio(HR) = 4.20]and psychological status(HR = 1.72),and the introduction of a pacifier(HR =2.08),were inversely associated,while higher maternal education(HR_(university/college vs primary/high school) = 0.53,HR_(master's vs primary/high school) = 0.20),and being an immigrant(HR = 0.35) were positively associated with BD.CONCLUSION:Public health interventions should focus on campaigns against smoking during lactation,target women of lower educational status,and endorse the delayed introduction of pacifiers.展开更多
Background Many studies have examined the effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD),but corticosteroids are considered a superior therapy and are frequently used in China.T...Background Many studies have examined the effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD),but corticosteroids are considered a superior therapy and are frequently used in China.This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of EEN with corticosteroids in treating pediatric CD.Methods A comprehensive retrieval from medical databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,MEDLINE,Web of Science,Wanfang data,VIP and CNKI,was performed using the search terms 'diet therapy','exclusive enteral nutrition','Crohn's disease','inflammatory bowel diseases','child' and 'pediatrics' from January 1990 to April 2017.Results We included 18 studies from 1329 identified sources in this meta-analysis.EEN was as effective as corticosteroids in inducing remission rate of children suffering from CD (OR =1.35;95% CI 0.90,2.10;P =0.14).Nevertheless,patients who received EEN were more likely to achieve both endoscopic mucosal healing (OR =5.24;95% CI 2.06,13.37;P =0.0005)and histological mucosal healing (OR =4.78;95% CI 1.89,12.08;P=0.0009) than those who received corticosteroids;the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was lower [mean difference (MD)=-3.67;95% CI-4.91,-2.43] and weight gain was higher (MD=1.92;95% CI 0.02,3.83;P=0.05) in those patients who received EEN than in those who received corticosteroids.No difference was found in relapse rate (OR =0.57;95% CI 0.25,1.29;P=0.18),height for age or body mass index between the patients treated with EEN and corticosteroids at the 1-year end point.Conclusions This meta-analysis reveals that there is no significant difference between EEN and corticosteroids in the efficacy of inducing remission rate of CD in a pediatric population,but EEN is superior to corticosteroids in improving short-term mucosal inflammation and reducing the PCDAI index.展开更多
Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to ...Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.展开更多
文摘近似串匹配技术在网络信息搜索、数字图书馆、模式识别、文本挖掘、IP路由查找、网络入侵检测、生物信息学、音乐研究计算等领域具有广泛的应用.基于CREW-PRAM(parallel random access machine with concurrent read and exclusive write)模型,采用波前式并行推进的方法直接计算编辑距离矩阵D,设计了一个允许k-差别的近似串匹配动态规划并行算法,该算法使用(m+1)个处理器,时间复杂度为O(n),算法理论上达到线性加速;采取水平和斜向双并行计算编辑距离矩阵D的方法,设计了一个使用a(m+1)个处理器和O(n/a+m)时间的、可伸缩的、允许k-差别的近似串匹配动态规划并行算法,+<11mna.基于分治策略,通过灵活拆分总线和合并子总线动态重构光总线系统,并充分利用光总线的消息播送技术和并行计算前缀和的方法,实现了汉明距离的并行计算,设计了两个基于LARPBS(linear arrays with reconfigurable pipelined bus system)模型的通信高效、可扩放的允许k-误配的近似串匹配并行算法,其中一个算法使用n个处理器,时间为O(m);另一个为常数时间算法,使用mn个处理器.
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic, life-long, and relapsing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are no complete cure possibilities, but combined pharmacological and nutritional therapy may induce remission of the disease. Malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies are frequent among IBD patients, so the majority of them need nutritional treatment, which not only improves the state of nutrition of the patients but has strong anti-inflammatory activity as well. Moreover, some nutrients, from early stages of life are suspected as triggering factors in the etiopathogenesis of IBD. Both parenteral and enteral nutrition is used in IBD therapy, but their practical utility in different populations and in different countries is not clearly established, and there are sometimes conflicting theories concerning the role of nutrition in IBD. This review presents the actual data from research studies on the influence of nutrition on the etiopathogenesis of IBD and the latest findings regarding its mechanisms of action. The use of both parenteral and enteral nutrition as therapeutic methods in induction and maintenance therapy in IBD treatment is also extensively discussed. Comparison of the latest research data, scientific theories concerning the role of nutrition in IBD, and different opinions about them are also presented and discussed. Additionally, some potential future perspectives for nutritional therapy are highlighted.
文摘目的：了解0～6个月产妇对婴儿进行母乳喂养的情况，探讨影响6个月纯母乳喂养的因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行抽样，在全国的东、中、西部分别抽取一个省（市）；在每个省（市）分城乡两层，全国共抽取24个社区卫生服务中心、24个乡镇卫生院。由社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）召集所有其辖区范围内或曾在该医院分娩的0～6个月产妇，由调查员对产妇进行问卷调查。调查使用“母乳喂养的现况及影响因素调查问卷”，对产妇母乳喂养情况进行分析。结果0～6个月产妇纯母乳喂养率为34.5％，65.5％产妇未能坚持纯母乳喂养，主要原因为产妇自觉“乳汁分泌不足”。多因素分析结果显示，汉族、教育水平不高、无业、剖宫产、县级以上医院分娩以及分娩后1 h 以上开奶是影响0～6个月产妇进行纯母乳喂养的重要因素。结论为保证0～6个月纯母乳喂养率持续稳步提升，应针对影响纯母乳喂养的因素，采取特殊时点强力干预、特殊人群个性指导、县级机构加强管理、认知误区及时纠正等应对措施。
文摘Exclusive enteral nutrition(EEN)is well-established as a first line therapy instead of corticosteroid(CS)therapy to treat active Crohn’s disease(CD)in children.It also has been shown to have benefits over and above induction of disease remission in paediatric populations.However,other than in Japanese populations,this intervention is not routinely utilised in adults.To investigate potential reasons for variation in response between adult studies of EEN and CS therapy.The Ovid database was searched over a 6-mo period.Articles directly comparing EEN and CS therapy in adults were included.Eleven articles were identified.EEN therapy remission rates varied considerably.Poor compliance with EEN therapy due to unpalatable formula was an issue in half of the studies.Remission rates of studies that only included patients with previously untreated/new CD were higher than studies including patients with both existing and new disease.There was limited evidence to determine if disease location,duration of disease or age of diagnosis affected EEN therapy outcomes.There is some evidence to support the use of EEN as a treatment option for a select group of adults,namely those motivated to adhere to an EEN regimen and possibly those newly diagnosed with CD.In addition,the use of more palatable formulas could improve treatment compliance.
文摘AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary University Hospital.Monthly telephone interviews(1665in total) using a structured questionnaire(one for each infant) were conducted until the sixth postpartum month.Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing any BD.RESULTS:Any breastfeeding rates in the first,third,and sixth month of the infant's life reached 87.5%,57.0%and 38.75%,respectively.In the multivariate analysis,maternal smoking in the lactation period[hazard-ratio(HR) = 4.20]and psychological status(HR = 1.72),and the introduction of a pacifier(HR =2.08),were inversely associated,while higher maternal education(HR_(university/college vs primary/high school) = 0.53,HR_(master's vs primary/high school) = 0.20),and being an immigrant(HR = 0.35) were positively associated with BD.CONCLUSION:Public health interventions should focus on campaigns against smoking during lactation,target women of lower educational status,and endorse the delayed introduction of pacifiers.
文摘Background Many studies have examined the effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD),but corticosteroids are considered a superior therapy and are frequently used in China.This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of EEN with corticosteroids in treating pediatric CD.Methods A comprehensive retrieval from medical databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,MEDLINE,Web of Science,Wanfang data,VIP and CNKI,was performed using the search terms 'diet therapy','exclusive enteral nutrition','Crohn's disease','inflammatory bowel diseases','child' and 'pediatrics' from January 1990 to April 2017.Results We included 18 studies from 1329 identified sources in this meta-analysis.EEN was as effective as corticosteroids in inducing remission rate of children suffering from CD (OR =1.35;95% CI 0.90,2.10;P =0.14).Nevertheless,patients who received EEN were more likely to achieve both endoscopic mucosal healing (OR =5.24;95% CI 2.06,13.37;P =0.0005)and histological mucosal healing (OR =4.78;95% CI 1.89,12.08;P=0.0009) than those who received corticosteroids;the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was lower [mean difference (MD)=-3.67;95% CI-4.91,-2.43] and weight gain was higher (MD=1.92;95% CI 0.02,3.83;P=0.05) in those patients who received EEN than in those who received corticosteroids.No difference was found in relapse rate (OR =0.57;95% CI 0.25,1.29;P=0.18),height for age or body mass index between the patients treated with EEN and corticosteroids at the 1-year end point.Conclusions This meta-analysis reveals that there is no significant difference between EEN and corticosteroids in the efficacy of inducing remission rate of CD in a pediatric population,but EEN is superior to corticosteroids in improving short-term mucosal inflammation and reducing the PCDAI index.
文摘Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.
