This is the first part of an introduction to multicriteria decision making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The discussion involves individual and ...This is the first part of an introduction to multicriteria decision making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The discussion involves individual and group decisions both with the independence of the criteria from the alternatives as in the AHP and also with dependence and feedback in the entire decision structure as in the ANP. This part explains the Analytic Hierarchy Process, with examples, and presents in some detail the mathematical foundations. An exposition of the Analytic Network Process and its applications will appear in later issues of this journal.展开更多
The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative f...The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative form) that also belong to a fundamental scale of absolute numbers. These judgments represent the relative influence, of one of two elements over the other in a pairwise comparison process on a third element in the system, with respect to an underlying control criterion. Through its supermatrix, whose entries are themselves matrices of column priorities, the ANP synthesizes the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of elements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with its independence assumptions on upper levels from lower levels and the independence of the elements in a level is a special case of the ANP. The ANP is an essential tool for articulating our understanding of a decision problem. One had to overcome the limitation of linear hierarchic structures and their mathematical consequences. This part on the ANP summarizes and illustrates the basic concepts of the ANP and shows how informed intuitive judgments can lead to real life answers that are matched by actual measurements in the real world (for example, relative dollar values) as illustrated in market share examples that rely on judgments and not on numerical data.展开更多
This paper addresses the problem of handling the uncertainty of demand in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system. Demand variation often makes the real production different from what is originally planned, ca...This paper addresses the problem of handling the uncertainty of demand in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system. Demand variation often makes the real production different from what is originally planned, causing a deviation cost from the production plan. Assume the market demand is sensitive to the retail price in a nonlinear form, we show how to effectively handle the demand uncertainty in a supply chain, both for the case of centralized-decision-making system and the case of decentralized-decision-making system with perfect coordination.展开更多
With the rapid economic growth, Chinese economic structure has greatly changed. In this paper we propose a new structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model and use it to analyze the Chinese structure change from 1981...With the rapid economic growth, Chinese economic structure has greatly changed. In this paper we propose a new structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model and use it to analyze the Chinese structure change from 1981 to 1995 on the basis of input\|output tables of China with 18 sectors at current price and at constant price, constructed by us.展开更多
This paper presents a theorem, on which an approximation method of modifying comparison matrices is offered. By this method any positive reciprocal matrix with a large CR can be so corrected that the modified matrix c...This paper presents a theorem, on which an approximation method of modifying comparison matrices is offered. By this method any positive reciprocal matrix with a large CR can be so corrected that the modified matrix can both tally with the consistency requirement and reserve the most information that the original matrix contains. Two criteria of evaluating modificatory effectiveness are also presented.展开更多
This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of a nonstationary forest age structure evolutionary process, and gives the analytic solution of the process. The existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution ar...This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of a nonstationary forest age structure evolutionary process, and gives the analytic solution of the process. The existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution are discussed. By using the concept of critical proliferation rate, we obtain the sufficient conditions of the stability of the system.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a transfer line with two unreliable machines and a single storage buffer, in which the second machine’s processing time and repair time have general distributions, and a piece processed by ...In this paper, we consider a transfer line with two unreliable machines and a single storage buffer, in which the second machine’s processing time and repair time have general distributions, and a piece processed by machine i will be reprocessed with probability q i (i=1, 2) because of uncompletely or not very well processed just before. At first, the exactly results of the reprocessed rate, the output rate and the blocked probability of machine 1, the reprocessed rate and the starved probability of machine 2, and the production rate of the system, are obtained when the first machine is reliable. And then, some approximating results of above indices are given when two machines are both unreliable.展开更多
This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enter...This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enterprise-wise integrated approach. The rest of the paper then presents a practical framework for enterprises to manage risks in their extended supply chains.展开更多
This paper introduces a new discipline called Similarity System Theory. Some new concepts, such as Similar Elements, Similarity Unit, Similar Systems and Similarity Entropy are presented. The numerical method and dyn... This paper introduces a new discipline called Similarity System Theory. Some new concepts, such as Similar Elements, Similarity Unit, Similar Systems and Similarity Entropy are presented. The numerical method and dynamic analysis of similarity system theory are studied.展开更多
In this paper we study the transient and equilibrium distributions of the queue length for the M/G/1 queueing system with delay single server vacation.By the server busy period and the Laplace transformation we direct...In this paper we study the transient and equilibrium distributions of the queue length for the M/G/1 queueing system with delay single server vacation.By the server busy period and the Laplace transformation we directly obtain the recursion formula of the L transformation of the transient queue length distribution at any time t , as well as the recursion formula of the equilibrium distribution for calculating conveniently.Furthermore we obtain the stochastic decompositions of the queue length and waiting time in equilibrium.展开更多
The general theory of the ANP enables one to deal with the benefits,opportunities,costs,andrisks(the BOCR merits)of a decision,by introducing the notion of negative priorites for C and Ralong with the rating(not compa...The general theory of the ANP enables one to deal with the benefits,opportunities,costs,andrisks(the BOCR merits)of a decision,by introducing the notion of negative priorites for C and Ralong with the rating(not comparison)of the top priority alternative synthesized for each of the fourmerits in terms of strategic criteria to enable one to combine the four B,O,C,and R values of eachalternative into a single outcome.Strategic criteria are very basic criteria individuals and groups useto assess whether they should make any of the many decisions they face in their daily operations.They do not depend on any particular decision for their priorities but are assessed in terms of the goalsand values of the individual or organization.Synthesis is made with two formulas,one multiplicativeand one additive subtractive that can give rise to negative overall priorities.This paper summarizesand illustrates basic complex decisions involving several control criteria under each of the BOCRmerits.展开更多
This paper uses SD rate variable fundamental in-tree modeling, SD branch-vector determinant method and systems archetype as tools to understand the structure and functions of energy and ecology system in Wangheqiu.
A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance...A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance of the service sector but also because of the unique opportunities that systems engineering can exploit in the design and joint production and delivery of services. We begin by considering the economic, technological and demographic contexts within which the service sector has flourished; we then address both services, especially emerging services, and systems engineering, followed by a discussion of how to advance the field of service systems engineering, and concluding with several remarks. In particular, a number of service systems engineering methods are identified to enhance the design and production/delivery of services, especially taking advantage of the unique features that characterize services - namely, services, especially emerging services, are information-driven, customer-centric, e-oriented, and productivity-focused.展开更多
This paper develops a new method of parametric estimate, which is named as 'synthesized expected Bayesian method'. When samples of products are tested and no failure events occur, the definition of expected Ba...This paper develops a new method of parametric estimate, which is named as 'synthesized expected Bayesian method'. When samples of products are tested and no failure events occur, the definition of expected Bayesian estimate is introduced and the estimates of failure probability and failure rate are provided. After some failure information is introduced by making an extra-test, a synthesized expected Bayesian method is defined and used to estimate failure probability, failure rate and some other parameters in exponential distribution and Weibull distribution of populations. Finally, calculations are performed according to practical problems, which show that the synthesized expected Bayesian method is feasible and easy to operate.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a simple learning algorithm for non\|linear function approximation and system modeling using minimal radial basis function neural network with high generalization performance. A hybrid algori...In this paper, we propose a simple learning algorithm for non\|linear function approximation and system modeling using minimal radial basis function neural network with high generalization performance. A hybrid algorithm is constructed, which combines recursive n \|means clustering algorithm with a simple recursive regularized least squares algorithm (SRRLS). The n \|means clustering algorithm adjusts the centers of the network, while the SRRLS constructs a parsimonious network which makes the generalization performance of the network well. The SRRLS algorithm needs no matrix computing, so it has a lower computational cost and no ill\|conditional problem. Because of the recursive manner, this algorithm is suitable for on\|line applications. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by two benchmark examples.展开更多
A method for solving nonlinear programming using genetic algorithm is presented. In the operations of crossover and mutation in each generation, to ensure the new solutions are all feasible, we present a method in whi...A method for solving nonlinear programming using genetic algorithm is presented. In the operations of crossover and mutation in each generation, to ensure the new solutions are all feasible, we present a method in which the bounds of every variable in the solution are estimated beforehand according to the constrained conditions. For the operation of mutation, we present two methods of cube bounding and variable bounding. The experimental results are given and analyzed. They show that the method is efficient and can obtain the results in less generation.展开更多
Through the analysis of BOM and in comparison with other storage forms, a tree-structure storage model has been proposed. It use two tables to record parent components and child components respectively. Each table has...Through the analysis of BOM and in comparison with other storage forms, a tree-structure storage model has been proposed. It use two tables to record parent components and child components respectively. Each table has a location point combined by three fields. And other link fields in the child component table present the relationship between levels of a product tree. Compared with Gozintograph mode, the BOM design on tree structure has many advantages.展开更多
In this paper, aggregation question based on group decision making and a single decision making is studied. The theory of entropy is applied to the sets pair analysis. The system of relation entropy and the transferab...In this paper, aggregation question based on group decision making and a single decision making is studied. The theory of entropy is applied to the sets pair analysis. The system of relation entropy and the transferable entropy notion are put. The character is studied. An potential by the relation entropy and transferable entropy are defined. It is the consistency measure on the group between a single decision making. We gained a new aggregation effective definition on the group misjudge.展开更多
This paper first introduces a new discipline knowledge science and the role of systems science in its development. Then, after the discussion on current trend in systems science, the paper proposes a new systems metho...This paper first introduces a new discipline knowledge science and the role of systems science in its development. Then, after the discussion on current trend in systems science, the paper proposes a new systems methodology for knowledge management and creation. Finally, the paper discusses mathematical modeling techniques to represent and manage human knowledge that is essentially vague and context-dependent.展开更多
文摘This is the first part of an introduction to multicriteria decision making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The discussion involves individual and group decisions both with the independence of the criteria from the alternatives as in the AHP and also with dependence and feedback in the entire decision structure as in the ANP. This part explains the Analytic Hierarchy Process, with examples, and presents in some detail the mathematical foundations. An exposition of the Analytic Network Process and its applications will appear in later issues of this journal.
文摘The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative form) that also belong to a fundamental scale of absolute numbers. These judgments represent the relative influence, of one of two elements over the other in a pairwise comparison process on a third element in the system, with respect to an underlying control criterion. Through its supermatrix, whose entries are themselves matrices of column priorities, the ANP synthesizes the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of elements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with its independence assumptions on upper levels from lower levels and the independence of the elements in a level is a special case of the ANP. The ANP is an essential tool for articulating our understanding of a decision problem. One had to overcome the limitation of linear hierarchic structures and their mathematical consequences. This part on the ANP summarizes and illustrates the basic concepts of the ANP and shows how informed intuitive judgments can lead to real life answers that are matched by actual measurements in the real world (for example, relative dollar values) as illustrated in market share examples that rely on judgments and not on numerical data.
文摘This paper addresses the problem of handling the uncertainty of demand in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system. Demand variation often makes the real production different from what is originally planned, causing a deviation cost from the production plan. Assume the market demand is sensitive to the retail price in a nonlinear form, we show how to effectively handle the demand uncertainty in a supply chain, both for the case of centralized-decision-making system and the case of decentralized-decision-making system with perfect coordination.
基金:The projectis supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘With the rapid economic growth, Chinese economic structure has greatly changed. In this paper we propose a new structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model and use it to analyze the Chinese structure change from 1981 to 1995 on the basis of input\|output tables of China with 18 sectors at current price and at constant price, constructed by us.
文摘This paper presents a theorem, on which an approximation method of modifying comparison matrices is offered. By this method any positive reciprocal matrix with a large CR can be so corrected that the modified matrix can both tally with the consistency requirement and reserve the most information that the original matrix contains. Two criteria of evaluating modificatory effectiveness are also presented.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China.
文摘This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of a nonstationary forest age structure evolutionary process, and gives the analytic solution of the process. The existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution are discussed. By using the concept of critical proliferation rate, we obtain the sufficient conditions of the stability of the system.
文摘In this paper, we consider a transfer line with two unreliable machines and a single storage buffer, in which the second machine’s processing time and repair time have general distributions, and a piece processed by machine i will be reprocessed with probability q i (i=1, 2) because of uncompletely or not very well processed just before. At first, the exactly results of the reprocessed rate, the output rate and the blocked probability of machine 1, the reprocessed rate and the starved probability of machine 2, and the production rate of the system, are obtained when the first machine is reliable. And then, some approximating results of above indices are given when two machines are both unreliable.
文摘This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enterprise-wise integrated approach. The rest of the paper then presents a practical framework for enterprises to manage risks in their extended supply chains.
文摘 This paper introduces a new discipline called Similarity System Theory. Some new concepts, such as Similar Elements, Similarity Unit, Similar Systems and Similarity Entropy are presented. The numerical method and dynamic analysis of similarity system theory are studied.
基金This work was supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation ( 7972 50 0 2 ) andthe Nature Education Minister
文摘In this paper we study the transient and equilibrium distributions of the queue length for the M/G/1 queueing system with delay single server vacation.By the server busy period and the Laplace transformation we directly obtain the recursion formula of the L transformation of the transient queue length distribution at any time t , as well as the recursion formula of the equilibrium distribution for calculating conveniently.Furthermore we obtain the stochastic decompositions of the queue length and waiting time in equilibrium.
文摘The general theory of the ANP enables one to deal with the benefits,opportunities,costs,andrisks(the BOCR merits)of a decision,by introducing the notion of negative priorites for C and Ralong with the rating(not comparison)of the top priority alternative synthesized for each of the fourmerits in terms of strategic criteria to enable one to combine the four B,O,C,and R values of eachalternative into a single outcome.Strategic criteria are very basic criteria individuals and groups useto assess whether they should make any of the many decisions they face in their daily operations.They do not depend on any particular decision for their priorities but are assessed in terms of the goalsand values of the individual or organization.Synthesis is made with two formulas,one multiplicativeand one additive subtractive that can give rise to negative overall priorities.This paper summarizesand illustrates basic complex decisions involving several control criteria under each of the BOCRmerits.
基金The projectis supported by CCUIPP- NSFC(No.70 14 2 0 16)
文摘This paper uses SD rate variable fundamental in-tree modeling, SD branch-vector determinant method and systems archetype as tools to understand the structure and functions of energy and ecology system in Wangheqiu.
文摘A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance of the service sector but also because of the unique opportunities that systems engineering can exploit in the design and joint production and delivery of services. We begin by considering the economic, technological and demographic contexts within which the service sector has flourished; we then address both services, especially emerging services, and systems engineering, followed by a discussion of how to advance the field of service systems engineering, and concluding with several remarks. In particular, a number of service systems engineering methods are identified to enhance the design and production/delivery of services, especially taking advantage of the unique features that characterize services - namely, services, especially emerging services, are information-driven, customer-centric, e-oriented, and productivity-focused.
基金This work was supported partly by the Zhejiang Province National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 100026And this work was supported in part by the Zhejiang Province Education Committee Foundation of China under Grant 20031024.
文摘This paper develops a new method of parametric estimate, which is named as 'synthesized expected Bayesian method'. When samples of products are tested and no failure events occur, the definition of expected Bayesian estimate is introduced and the estimates of failure probability and failure rate are provided. After some failure information is introduced by making an extra-test, a synthesized expected Bayesian method is defined and used to estimate failure probability, failure rate and some other parameters in exponential distribution and Weibull distribution of populations. Finally, calculations are performed according to practical problems, which show that the synthesized expected Bayesian method is feasible and easy to operate.
基金This work is supported by the International Pioneering Center of TEDATianjinP.R China
文摘In this paper, we propose a simple learning algorithm for non\|linear function approximation and system modeling using minimal radial basis function neural network with high generalization performance. A hybrid algorithm is constructed, which combines recursive n \|means clustering algorithm with a simple recursive regularized least squares algorithm (SRRLS). The n \|means clustering algorithm adjusts the centers of the network, while the SRRLS constructs a parsimonious network which makes the generalization performance of the network well. The SRRLS algorithm needs no matrix computing, so it has a lower computational cost and no ill\|conditional problem. Because of the recursive manner, this algorithm is suitable for on\|line applications. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by two benchmark examples.
基金The work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 6 9974 0 33)
文摘A method for solving nonlinear programming using genetic algorithm is presented. In the operations of crossover and mutation in each generation, to ensure the new solutions are all feasible, we present a method in which the bounds of every variable in the solution are estimated beforehand according to the constrained conditions. For the operation of mutation, we present two methods of cube bounding and variable bounding. The experimental results are given and analyzed. They show that the method is efficient and can obtain the results in less generation.
基金This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province ( E0 1 1 0 0 0 7),theKey Research Projectof Fujian Province ( 2 0 0 1 H0 2 0 ),the Research Project of Xiamen University ( 2 0 0 0 1 6 0 1 ) and theConstruction Projectof
文摘Through the analysis of BOM and in comparison with other storage forms, a tree-structure storage model has been proposed. It use two tables to record parent components and child components respectively. Each table has a location point combined by three fields. And other link fields in the child component table present the relationship between levels of a product tree. Compared with Gozintograph mode, the BOM design on tree structure has many advantages.
基金This projectis supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.79930 90 0 )
文摘In this paper, aggregation question based on group decision making and a single decision making is studied. The theory of entropy is applied to the sets pair analysis. The system of relation entropy and the transferable entropy notion are put. The character is studied. An potential by the relation entropy and transferable entropy are defined. It is the consistency measure on the group between a single decision making. We gained a new aggregation effective definition on the group misjudge.
文摘This paper first introduces a new discipline knowledge science and the role of systems science in its development. Then, after the discussion on current trend in systems science, the paper proposes a new systems methodology for knowledge management and creation. Finally, the paper discusses mathematical modeling techniques to represent and manage human knowledge that is essentially vague and context-dependent.
