Sustainable business model innovation(SBMI)introduced a unique frontier in current business operations and innovation management.Despite the numerous advantages of SBMI to contemporary business strategy,most establish...Sustainable business model innovation(SBMI)introduced a unique frontier in current business operations and innovation management.Despite the numerous advantages of SBMI to contemporary business strategy,most established firms face challenges in its successful implementation.Through a systematic review process(SRP),the paper attempted to critically evaluate and analyze the previous outcome on the barriers and drivers to SBMI.The research explored 42 prior studies to identify the thematic study areas,highlight the research gaps,and outline future propositions and agendas.The research thoroughly evaluates the state-of-the-art regarding barriers and drivers to implement SBMI.The SRP approach utilized in the study sheds light on the intricacies of SBMI by highlighting six critical barriers:institutional,organizational,strategic,resource allocation,technological,and financial barriers that hinder the successful deployment of SBMI.In addition,the study’s findings indicated that organizational learning,knowledge management,dynamic capabilities resource mobilization,innovative business activities,and human resource development could be a catalyst to the successful implementation of SBMI.Furthermore,the study highlighted some critical gaps and agendas for future research on SBMI.This study contributes to the literature on business model innovation and offers a practical outlook that can facilitate firms and policymakers in developing strategies to improve their business model.展开更多
Despite a wealth of literature on the different facets of the EIA,and copious theoretical knowledge and practical experience,the general agreement is eluding definitions of EIA effectiveness,quality,and good practices...Despite a wealth of literature on the different facets of the EIA,and copious theoretical knowledge and practical experience,the general agreement is eluding definitions of EIA effectiveness,quality,and good practices.There are apprehensions about EIA meeting its basic objectives while project proponents continue to treat EIA as an impediment to development.Governments tend to adopt a“practical”approach,sacrificing pillars of EIA and overlooking the prime objective of environmental protection.Based on an extensive literature study and the author’s long EIA-related experience,some key workable practices for the EIA process are elaborated.Meticulous scoping using different sets of lenses,spotlighting significant impacts to determine the breadth and depth of EIA reports for focussed EIAs,robust EIA review and decision-making,commitment from the regulators for environmental protection,and use of strategic planning,strategic environmental assessment,and tiering practices are expected to address scholars’apprehensions and project proponents’concerns.展开更多
This study majorly examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on banks.Specifically,this study examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on total deposits of deposit money banks in Nigeria.D...This study majorly examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on banks.Specifically,this study examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on total deposits of deposit money banks in Nigeria.Data were extracted from the CBN Statistical Bulletin(2020).Using the ordinary least square method of analysis via E-views 10,the findings of the study revealed that deposit money banks’total deposits increased significantly owing to the decline in the value of cheques cleared,since the adoption of the automated cheque clearing system in Nigeria.Guided by the findings of this study,the researcher recommended that the regulatory authorities and banks should continue to liaise with each other on how to improve the efficiency of automated services so as to improve customer satisfaction and patronage.展开更多
Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minori...Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.展开更多
Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide,Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015.Of all the documente...Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide,Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015.Of all the documented factors of under-five mortality,little evidence exists on the impact of systemic barriers and individual factors(maternal health-seeking behaviour)on under-five mortality in Nigeria.The study used a nationally representative sample from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey(NDHS)2013 dataset.The target population was 20,192 women aged 15-59 years who had given birth to 31,480 children five years before the survey.Stata software was used for data analysis.The risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and results are presented as hazards ratios(HR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Findings from the overall Model I-IV revealed individual factors(maternal health-seeking indicators)as significant factors of under-five deaths(p<0.05).Children whose mothers received antenatal care coverage(ANC)outside health care facilities(HCF)(HR:1.60,CI:1.0-2.4,p<0.05);or delivered outside HCF(HR:1.02,CI:0.7-1.5,p<0.05)had elevated hazard risk of death before age five.Conversely,children who were presented for postnatal check within two weeks of delivery(HR:0.60,CI:0.5-0.8,p<0.05),or delivered within the longer birth interval(HR:0.67,CI:0.6-0.8,p<0.001)had significantly lower hazard risk of death before age five.As part of systemic factors,children whose mothers were covered by health insurance scheme had significantly(HR:0.52,CI:0.2-1.2,p<0.001)lower risk of death when compared with their counterparts without health insurance coverage.The study emphasized the need to revitalize strategies and programs to improve women health seeking behaviour and investment in the health sector through health insurance,infrastructure,and supplies.展开更多
This research work determined the impact of value relevance of accounting information on the stock price of manufacturing companies in Nigeria.More specifically,the study determines the impact of earnings per share an...This research work determined the impact of value relevance of accounting information on the stock price of manufacturing companies in Nigeria.More specifically,the study determines the impact of earnings per share and dividends on the stock price of Nigerian manufacturing companies.Ex post facto research and data were obtained from twenty audited annual reports and financial statements.This study used the ordinary least squares(OLS)estimation from 2012 to 2021 and covered ten years with the help of E-view 9.0 data analysis revealed that there is a positive insignificant relationship between stock dividends,earnings per share and stock price in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.展开更多
29,164,578 people are living in Nepal.Out of them,48.96%are men and 51.04%are women.The growth rate of the population is 0.93%annually.However,216,957 individuals had been abroad for employment,education or other reas...29,164,578 people are living in Nepal.Out of them,48.96%are men and 51.04%are women.The growth rate of the population is 0.93%annually.However,216,957 individuals had been abroad for employment,education or other reasons.It has developed an addiction to imported products using remittances.The government delays spending the money allotted for capital improvements.The debt incurred by loans received from donors exceeds between 20 trillion and 80 billion of Nepal’s entire yearly budget.Based on statistics from Nepal Rastra Bank fiscal years 2021/2022,export and import contributions to overall Nepal’s foreign commerce were 8.40%and 91.60%,respectively.Due to the burden of debt and increasing trade deficit in the Nepalese economy,it has greatly affected the livelihood of the people.The increase in the prices of goods has made the lives of ordinary and low-income citizens very difficult.To reduce it,it is necessary to increase the production of indigenous products and promote their trade.Nepal needs to improve its ability to balance imports and exports.Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items.There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens.No nation can be entirely self-sufficient in the open global market of today by producing all the commodities and services it requires.Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items.There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens.展开更多
One of the vital components of the macroeconomic model that helps policymaking is the demand for money function.Having reliable predictions on the money demand function helps in determining the optimum growth of money...One of the vital components of the macroeconomic model that helps policymaking is the demand for money function.Having reliable predictions on the money demand function helps in determining the optimum growth of money supply which is vital in controlling the inflation rate in the economy and also preventing monetary disturbances from affecting real output.In order to formulate and estimate the money demand function in Ethiopia,this study used quarterly data from 2000Q3 to 2021Q2 and employed the Ordinary Least Square method and Engle-Granger two-stage procedure for empirical analysis.The empirical result from the models indicates that,in the long run,all variables(real GDP,CPI inflation,real effective exchange rate,real interest rate and lagged real money balance)are significantly affecting the demand for money in Ethiopia.Whereas,the estimated coefficients of the short-run variable show that the real effective exchange rate,CPI inflation,and lagged real money balance are the main determinants of demand for money while the real GDP and real interest rate are insignificant.Another important finding is that absolute value of the coefficient of the error correction term implies that about 54.2%of the disequilibrium in real money demand is counter-balanced by short-run adjustment in each quarter.The study suggests that in conducting monetary policy,policymakers should consider not only the behavior of income and price but also the movement of exchange rates.The study also calls for appropriate formulation and estimation of the all-encompassing demand for money function that is capable of bringing stability to the growth of money coupled with sustainable economic growth.展开更多
This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy.Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020.For various years,related data were extracted from the Central Ba...This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy.Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020.For various years,related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin,the Bureau of National Statistics,and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports.E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square.The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth.It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.展开更多
A growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society.This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer ...A growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society.This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer prices using Ethiopian cases.Using data from the National Bank of Ethiopia from 1982/1983 to 2019/2020,it condensed the information of monetary sector,external sector and fiscal sector variables to a small set to estimate the causes of Ethiopian consumer price hiking using the ARDL model.The factors determining consumer price differ from food to non-food.The most important factors determining food price are price expectation and fiscal factors.On the other hand,the main determinant of non-food consumer prices is the fiscal factor.The author also found evidence of fiscal factors and price expectation effects on general consumer prices.Therefore,to contain the rise in consumer prices,it needs to exercise conservative fiscal stances,which require minimizing deficit financing,reducing the import tax rate and reducing domestic indirect tax rates such as excise tax and value added tax on basic consumer goods and services.Moreover,sound government policies are essential to address inflation anticipations(providing information for society about the future of inflation)to change public opinion.展开更多
Teaching and training through online tools were used by most Higher Education Institute(HEIs)worldwide during COVID-19 to cater to the needs of students who stay far away from educational institutions.After the pandem...Teaching and training through online tools were used by most Higher Education Institute(HEIs)worldwide during COVID-19 to cater to the needs of students who stay far away from educational institutions.After the pandemic,the virtual model of education and training became a trend.The students and teachers are also more used to this trend which is giving more opportunities to both learners and instructors.One of the notable benefits of virtual teaching and learning platform is that it provides a flexible environment to gain knowledge,skills,and attitude simultaneously along with formal off-line education.From the earlier studies it is found that the majority of studies have focused on traditional,offline training methods and only a few studies have focused on virtual training.Therefore,the present study examined the effectiveness of virtual training using the Kirkpatrick model.For this purpose,a research instrument based on the Kirkpatrick model was constructed and distributed among the UG and PG students in Mangalore City.A total of 143 responses were collected,of which 132 were completed responses and all of them were considered for analysis.Descriptive statistics and one sample t-test are employed to analyse and interpret the data.The findings revealed that virtual training is more effective compared to traditional and offline training methods.Henceforth,the training and education provided through virtual platforms made significant contributions to the employability of youngsters.展开更多
The tenets of environmental policy evolved in India and how precautionary principles of sustainability are sidelined in the draft EIA regulation 2020 are analyzed.The emphasis on exempting several categories of projec...The tenets of environmental policy evolved in India and how precautionary principles of sustainability are sidelined in the draft EIA regulation 2020 are analyzed.The emphasis on exempting several categories of projects from the EIA requirements and public consultation,standardization of sector-specific terms of reference and environmental clearance conditions,and decentralization of the decision-making to simplify and fast-track the environmental clearance procedure for development projects is apparent.The list of projects/activities requiring prior environmental clearance and the procedures reveal that promoting the ease of doing business scores over precautionary principles.Efforts to increase the effectiveness and improve transparency in monitoring the implementation of environmental clearance conditions are visible.Still,the prime issues of improving the efficiency and efficacy of the EIA framework and institutional reforms in the EIA system need to be earnestly addressed.The evaluation using an ex-ante framework unveils the areas needing meticulous attention to revamp the EIA regulation.展开更多
The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitu...The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.展开更多
The authors study people’s worries about becoming victimized by events and conditions often blamed on“those up there”.Excessive worries are bad for people’s performance because they lead to risk avoidance and lowe...The authors study people’s worries about becoming victimized by events and conditions often blamed on“those up there”.Excessive worries are bad for people’s performance because they lead to risk avoidance and lower self-confidence.In two representative surveys conducted in Germany,it is found that victimization concerns are positively correlated with people’s gender,previous victimization,their estimated likelihood of being victimized,their fear of crime,their crime-avoidance behavior,their striving for tradition and security,and their negative attitudes toward crimes.Negative correlations are found for people’s education,their striving for universalism,and their social capital.When considering all predictors combined,people’s expected likelihood to become victimized is found to be the optimal predictor of victimization concerns.It is recommended that management concentrates on setting realistic levels of such risk estimates to avoid negative effects on people’s performance.展开更多
Security is a value contained in most theories of personal values.Yet,while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable,the role of security in the system of values remains ambiguous.People strivi...Security is a value contained in most theories of personal values.Yet,while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable,the role of security in the system of values remains ambiguous.People striving for security are often also striving for tradition and conformity but sometimes they are focusing more on other values(such as health values,for example).Based on eight representative surveys(N=24,000)in several German cities between 1998 and 2022,the author shows that when measuring security without suggesting a particular meaning of this notion,security takes a relatively central position within the system of values and their components(shown by multidimensional scaling,MDS).People striving for security also emphasize the importance of law and order,working hard,and having a good family life as guiding principles in their lives.Conformity is not that important for them,and having an exciting life is even negatively correlated.Age has little impact on the MDS structure of values and their components,even though people exhibit substantial changes in the relative weights they assign to many values as they get older.展开更多
This study examines the relationship between Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)factors and stock prices as well as investment performance.ESG factors have become increasingly relevant in investment decisions as ...This study examines the relationship between Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)factors and stock prices as well as investment performance.ESG factors have become increasingly relevant in investment decisions as investors prioritize companies with sustainable practices.Using a sample of publicly-traded companies,this research analyzes the impact of ESG factors on stock prices and investment returns.The findings suggest that companies with strong ESG performance tend to have higher stock prices and better investment performance than those with weak ESG performance.The study also highlights the significance of the individual components of ESG,such as environmental policies and corporate governance practices,on stock prices and investment returns.Overall,this research provides valuable insights for investors seeking to incorporate ESG factors into their investment decision-making processes.展开更多
The VIKOR(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)method,which is a multi-criteria decision-making method,is examined in this paper.The VIKOR method,like other MCDM techniques such as the Technique for Or...The VIKOR(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)method,which is a multi-criteria decision-making method,is examined in this paper.The VIKOR method,like other MCDM techniques such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),is widely used to solve complex decision-making problems in various fields such as engineering,management,and finance.This paper provides an overview of the VIKOR method,including its application areas,advantages,and disadvantages.Besides,in this survey paper,the process steps of the VIKOR method are described,including determining the decision matrix,normalizing the matrix,determining the weights of the criteria,calculating the utility and regret values,calculating the VIKOR index,and finally ranking the alternatives.By providing an overview of the VIKOR method and its process steps,this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the method and its potential application in different decision-making contexts.展开更多
Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education.The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at ...Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education.The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University by researching some typical models in the world.By quantitative research methods based on a survey of 391 students,the study has shown that there are 5 factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University,including opportunity,motivation,perception of behavioral control,skills and resources for entrepreneurship.Thereby,the study proposes a number of solutions for the students,the university and other related parties to promote students’entrepreneurial intentions.展开更多
Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time.Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants.The st...Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time.Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants.The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area.Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire.The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression.The results revealed that the majority(95.6%)of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns.There are few(2.9%)women involved in tea farming in Taraba State.29%of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years.Fifteen percent of the farmers are single,83.8%are married and 1.5%are divorced.About 40%of the tea farmers had no formal education,21%have between 1-6 years of education,19%had 7-12 years of education and 21%had greater than 12 years of education.The gross margin is N289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is N1,421,081.28.The net income is N2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is N1,411,301.63.The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is N1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is N6,985.30.Labour costs(weeding,pruning,application of insecticide,watering)and cost of materials(cutlass,file,chemical,bag and others)are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State.Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.展开更多
This article aims to answer the question that if the law of planification of China,really takes account of the objectives of environmental protection.The answer is based on,first of all,the reform of system of land ow...This article aims to answer the question that if the law of planification of China,really takes account of the objectives of environmental protection.The answer is based on,first of all,the reform of system of land ownership(direct link of the development of urbanization).This article cracks the problem by two approaches:the state and collective property right.The first part of the analysis is macro-perspective,i.e.,the course of land reform and the land users.In general,the state remains the sole owner of all the land and delegates the local governments to manage the use of land in China.However,the high interest undermines their roles,and degradation of environment in the process of urbanization continues.Based on this observation,we analyzed their administration,i.e.,who are the actors and how the powers are shared.The lack of transparency and independence is in its structure,i.e.,they have ambitions to have a good protection but the conflict appears frequently.In the further part,micro-vision was employed.We focused on the regulations of planification,procedures and formalities that is deeply involved.In fact,we find that the volume of law was expanded and a need of consolidation is urgent for the coherence,accessibility and understanding of law.Then it follows the analysis of two typical procedures:the procedure of environmental assessment as well as participation.These procedures are the practical implementation of the consideration of the environment.The fact is that rapid urbanization resulted in a reconfiguration of the urban space,and the appearance of a variety of interests.The degradation of environment,coupled with the importance of urbanization has become a challenge to governance.People realized more and more issues related to housing,welfare and citizenship.This forces the government to change their policies and acts.From different points of views-historical,political,administrative,legal and social-this research determines how a better environmental protection can play in law of planification.The展开更多
文摘Sustainable business model innovation(SBMI)introduced a unique frontier in current business operations and innovation management.Despite the numerous advantages of SBMI to contemporary business strategy,most established firms face challenges in its successful implementation.Through a systematic review process(SRP),the paper attempted to critically evaluate and analyze the previous outcome on the barriers and drivers to SBMI.The research explored 42 prior studies to identify the thematic study areas,highlight the research gaps,and outline future propositions and agendas.The research thoroughly evaluates the state-of-the-art regarding barriers and drivers to implement SBMI.The SRP approach utilized in the study sheds light on the intricacies of SBMI by highlighting six critical barriers:institutional,organizational,strategic,resource allocation,technological,and financial barriers that hinder the successful deployment of SBMI.In addition,the study’s findings indicated that organizational learning,knowledge management,dynamic capabilities resource mobilization,innovative business activities,and human resource development could be a catalyst to the successful implementation of SBMI.Furthermore,the study highlighted some critical gaps and agendas for future research on SBMI.This study contributes to the literature on business model innovation and offers a practical outlook that can facilitate firms and policymakers in developing strategies to improve their business model.
文摘Despite a wealth of literature on the different facets of the EIA,and copious theoretical knowledge and practical experience,the general agreement is eluding definitions of EIA effectiveness,quality,and good practices.There are apprehensions about EIA meeting its basic objectives while project proponents continue to treat EIA as an impediment to development.Governments tend to adopt a“practical”approach,sacrificing pillars of EIA and overlooking the prime objective of environmental protection.Based on an extensive literature study and the author’s long EIA-related experience,some key workable practices for the EIA process are elaborated.Meticulous scoping using different sets of lenses,spotlighting significant impacts to determine the breadth and depth of EIA reports for focussed EIAs,robust EIA review and decision-making,commitment from the regulators for environmental protection,and use of strategic planning,strategic environmental assessment,and tiering practices are expected to address scholars’apprehensions and project proponents’concerns.
文摘This study majorly examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on banks.Specifically,this study examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on total deposits of deposit money banks in Nigeria.Data were extracted from the CBN Statistical Bulletin(2020).Using the ordinary least square method of analysis via E-views 10,the findings of the study revealed that deposit money banks’total deposits increased significantly owing to the decline in the value of cheques cleared,since the adoption of the automated cheque clearing system in Nigeria.Guided by the findings of this study,the researcher recommended that the regulatory authorities and banks should continue to liaise with each other on how to improve the efficiency of automated services so as to improve customer satisfaction and patronage.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation(21BZZ021).
文摘Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.
文摘Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide,Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015.Of all the documented factors of under-five mortality,little evidence exists on the impact of systemic barriers and individual factors(maternal health-seeking behaviour)on under-five mortality in Nigeria.The study used a nationally representative sample from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey(NDHS)2013 dataset.The target population was 20,192 women aged 15-59 years who had given birth to 31,480 children five years before the survey.Stata software was used for data analysis.The risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and results are presented as hazards ratios(HR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Findings from the overall Model I-IV revealed individual factors(maternal health-seeking indicators)as significant factors of under-five deaths(p<0.05).Children whose mothers received antenatal care coverage(ANC)outside health care facilities(HCF)(HR:1.60,CI:1.0-2.4,p<0.05);or delivered outside HCF(HR:1.02,CI:0.7-1.5,p<0.05)had elevated hazard risk of death before age five.Conversely,children who were presented for postnatal check within two weeks of delivery(HR:0.60,CI:0.5-0.8,p<0.05),or delivered within the longer birth interval(HR:0.67,CI:0.6-0.8,p<0.001)had significantly lower hazard risk of death before age five.As part of systemic factors,children whose mothers were covered by health insurance scheme had significantly(HR:0.52,CI:0.2-1.2,p<0.001)lower risk of death when compared with their counterparts without health insurance coverage.The study emphasized the need to revitalize strategies and programs to improve women health seeking behaviour and investment in the health sector through health insurance,infrastructure,and supplies.
文摘This research work determined the impact of value relevance of accounting information on the stock price of manufacturing companies in Nigeria.More specifically,the study determines the impact of earnings per share and dividends on the stock price of Nigerian manufacturing companies.Ex post facto research and data were obtained from twenty audited annual reports and financial statements.This study used the ordinary least squares(OLS)estimation from 2012 to 2021 and covered ten years with the help of E-view 9.0 data analysis revealed that there is a positive insignificant relationship between stock dividends,earnings per share and stock price in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.
文摘29,164,578 people are living in Nepal.Out of them,48.96%are men and 51.04%are women.The growth rate of the population is 0.93%annually.However,216,957 individuals had been abroad for employment,education or other reasons.It has developed an addiction to imported products using remittances.The government delays spending the money allotted for capital improvements.The debt incurred by loans received from donors exceeds between 20 trillion and 80 billion of Nepal’s entire yearly budget.Based on statistics from Nepal Rastra Bank fiscal years 2021/2022,export and import contributions to overall Nepal’s foreign commerce were 8.40%and 91.60%,respectively.Due to the burden of debt and increasing trade deficit in the Nepalese economy,it has greatly affected the livelihood of the people.The increase in the prices of goods has made the lives of ordinary and low-income citizens very difficult.To reduce it,it is necessary to increase the production of indigenous products and promote their trade.Nepal needs to improve its ability to balance imports and exports.Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items.There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens.No nation can be entirely self-sufficient in the open global market of today by producing all the commodities and services it requires.Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items.There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens.
文摘One of the vital components of the macroeconomic model that helps policymaking is the demand for money function.Having reliable predictions on the money demand function helps in determining the optimum growth of money supply which is vital in controlling the inflation rate in the economy and also preventing monetary disturbances from affecting real output.In order to formulate and estimate the money demand function in Ethiopia,this study used quarterly data from 2000Q3 to 2021Q2 and employed the Ordinary Least Square method and Engle-Granger two-stage procedure for empirical analysis.The empirical result from the models indicates that,in the long run,all variables(real GDP,CPI inflation,real effective exchange rate,real interest rate and lagged real money balance)are significantly affecting the demand for money in Ethiopia.Whereas,the estimated coefficients of the short-run variable show that the real effective exchange rate,CPI inflation,and lagged real money balance are the main determinants of demand for money while the real GDP and real interest rate are insignificant.Another important finding is that absolute value of the coefficient of the error correction term implies that about 54.2%of the disequilibrium in real money demand is counter-balanced by short-run adjustment in each quarter.The study suggests that in conducting monetary policy,policymakers should consider not only the behavior of income and price but also the movement of exchange rates.The study also calls for appropriate formulation and estimation of the all-encompassing demand for money function that is capable of bringing stability to the growth of money coupled with sustainable economic growth.
文摘This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy.Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020.For various years,related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin,the Bureau of National Statistics,and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports.E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square.The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth.It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.
文摘A growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society.This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer prices using Ethiopian cases.Using data from the National Bank of Ethiopia from 1982/1983 to 2019/2020,it condensed the information of monetary sector,external sector and fiscal sector variables to a small set to estimate the causes of Ethiopian consumer price hiking using the ARDL model.The factors determining consumer price differ from food to non-food.The most important factors determining food price are price expectation and fiscal factors.On the other hand,the main determinant of non-food consumer prices is the fiscal factor.The author also found evidence of fiscal factors and price expectation effects on general consumer prices.Therefore,to contain the rise in consumer prices,it needs to exercise conservative fiscal stances,which require minimizing deficit financing,reducing the import tax rate and reducing domestic indirect tax rates such as excise tax and value added tax on basic consumer goods and services.Moreover,sound government policies are essential to address inflation anticipations(providing information for society about the future of inflation)to change public opinion.
文摘Teaching and training through online tools were used by most Higher Education Institute(HEIs)worldwide during COVID-19 to cater to the needs of students who stay far away from educational institutions.After the pandemic,the virtual model of education and training became a trend.The students and teachers are also more used to this trend which is giving more opportunities to both learners and instructors.One of the notable benefits of virtual teaching and learning platform is that it provides a flexible environment to gain knowledge,skills,and attitude simultaneously along with formal off-line education.From the earlier studies it is found that the majority of studies have focused on traditional,offline training methods and only a few studies have focused on virtual training.Therefore,the present study examined the effectiveness of virtual training using the Kirkpatrick model.For this purpose,a research instrument based on the Kirkpatrick model was constructed and distributed among the UG and PG students in Mangalore City.A total of 143 responses were collected,of which 132 were completed responses and all of them were considered for analysis.Descriptive statistics and one sample t-test are employed to analyse and interpret the data.The findings revealed that virtual training is more effective compared to traditional and offline training methods.Henceforth,the training and education provided through virtual platforms made significant contributions to the employability of youngsters.
文摘The tenets of environmental policy evolved in India and how precautionary principles of sustainability are sidelined in the draft EIA regulation 2020 are analyzed.The emphasis on exempting several categories of projects from the EIA requirements and public consultation,standardization of sector-specific terms of reference and environmental clearance conditions,and decentralization of the decision-making to simplify and fast-track the environmental clearance procedure for development projects is apparent.The list of projects/activities requiring prior environmental clearance and the procedures reveal that promoting the ease of doing business scores over precautionary principles.Efforts to increase the effectiveness and improve transparency in monitoring the implementation of environmental clearance conditions are visible.Still,the prime issues of improving the efficiency and efficacy of the EIA framework and institutional reforms in the EIA system need to be earnestly addressed.The evaluation using an ex-ante framework unveils the areas needing meticulous attention to revamp the EIA regulation.
文摘The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.
文摘The authors study people’s worries about becoming victimized by events and conditions often blamed on“those up there”.Excessive worries are bad for people’s performance because they lead to risk avoidance and lower self-confidence.In two representative surveys conducted in Germany,it is found that victimization concerns are positively correlated with people’s gender,previous victimization,their estimated likelihood of being victimized,their fear of crime,their crime-avoidance behavior,their striving for tradition and security,and their negative attitudes toward crimes.Negative correlations are found for people’s education,their striving for universalism,and their social capital.When considering all predictors combined,people’s expected likelihood to become victimized is found to be the optimal predictor of victimization concerns.It is recommended that management concentrates on setting realistic levels of such risk estimates to avoid negative effects on people’s performance.
文摘Security is a value contained in most theories of personal values.Yet,while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable,the role of security in the system of values remains ambiguous.People striving for security are often also striving for tradition and conformity but sometimes they are focusing more on other values(such as health values,for example).Based on eight representative surveys(N=24,000)in several German cities between 1998 and 2022,the author shows that when measuring security without suggesting a particular meaning of this notion,security takes a relatively central position within the system of values and their components(shown by multidimensional scaling,MDS).People striving for security also emphasize the importance of law and order,working hard,and having a good family life as guiding principles in their lives.Conformity is not that important for them,and having an exciting life is even negatively correlated.Age has little impact on the MDS structure of values and their components,even though people exhibit substantial changes in the relative weights they assign to many values as they get older.
文摘This study examines the relationship between Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)factors and stock prices as well as investment performance.ESG factors have become increasingly relevant in investment decisions as investors prioritize companies with sustainable practices.Using a sample of publicly-traded companies,this research analyzes the impact of ESG factors on stock prices and investment returns.The findings suggest that companies with strong ESG performance tend to have higher stock prices and better investment performance than those with weak ESG performance.The study also highlights the significance of the individual components of ESG,such as environmental policies and corporate governance practices,on stock prices and investment returns.Overall,this research provides valuable insights for investors seeking to incorporate ESG factors into their investment decision-making processes.
文摘The VIKOR(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)method,which is a multi-criteria decision-making method,is examined in this paper.The VIKOR method,like other MCDM techniques such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),is widely used to solve complex decision-making problems in various fields such as engineering,management,and finance.This paper provides an overview of the VIKOR method,including its application areas,advantages,and disadvantages.Besides,in this survey paper,the process steps of the VIKOR method are described,including determining the decision matrix,normalizing the matrix,determining the weights of the criteria,calculating the utility and regret values,calculating the VIKOR index,and finally ranking the alternatives.By providing an overview of the VIKOR method and its process steps,this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the method and its potential application in different decision-making contexts.
文摘Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education.The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University by researching some typical models in the world.By quantitative research methods based on a survey of 391 students,the study has shown that there are 5 factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University,including opportunity,motivation,perception of behavioral control,skills and resources for entrepreneurship.Thereby,the study proposes a number of solutions for the students,the university and other related parties to promote students’entrepreneurial intentions.
文摘Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time.Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants.The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area.Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire.The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression.The results revealed that the majority(95.6%)of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns.There are few(2.9%)women involved in tea farming in Taraba State.29%of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years.Fifteen percent of the farmers are single,83.8%are married and 1.5%are divorced.About 40%of the tea farmers had no formal education,21%have between 1-6 years of education,19%had 7-12 years of education and 21%had greater than 12 years of education.The gross margin is N289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is N1,421,081.28.The net income is N2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is N1,411,301.63.The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is N1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is N6,985.30.Labour costs(weeding,pruning,application of insecticide,watering)and cost of materials(cutlass,file,chemical,bag and others)are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State.Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.
文摘This article aims to answer the question that if the law of planification of China,really takes account of the objectives of environmental protection.The answer is based on,first of all,the reform of system of land ownership(direct link of the development of urbanization).This article cracks the problem by two approaches:the state and collective property right.The first part of the analysis is macro-perspective,i.e.,the course of land reform and the land users.In general,the state remains the sole owner of all the land and delegates the local governments to manage the use of land in China.However,the high interest undermines their roles,and degradation of environment in the process of urbanization continues.Based on this observation,we analyzed their administration,i.e.,who are the actors and how the powers are shared.The lack of transparency and independence is in its structure,i.e.,they have ambitions to have a good protection but the conflict appears frequently.In the further part,micro-vision was employed.We focused on the regulations of planification,procedures and formalities that is deeply involved.In fact,we find that the volume of law was expanded and a need of consolidation is urgent for the coherence,accessibility and understanding of law.Then it follows the analysis of two typical procedures:the procedure of environmental assessment as well as participation.These procedures are the practical implementation of the consideration of the environment.The fact is that rapid urbanization resulted in a reconfiguration of the urban space,and the appearance of a variety of interests.The degradation of environment,coupled with the importance of urbanization has become a challenge to governance.People realized more and more issues related to housing,welfare and citizenship.This forces the government to change their policies and acts.From different points of views-historical,political,administrative,legal and social-this research determines how a better environmental protection can play in law of planification.The
