The skinfold thickness of six items （facial skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold and calf skinfold） were measured in 465 Mulam adults （232 male and 233 female）. Th...The skinfold thickness of six items （facial skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold and calf skinfold） were measured in 465 Mulam adults （232 male and 233 female）. The results were as follows： （1） The average skinfold thickness are higher in female at every age group. （2） As a whole, the skinfold thickness in the body of trunk is bigger than that in the limbs in both male and female. The curves of biceps skinfold thickness and calf skinfold thickness of male doesn＇t fluctuate with age. Body fat percentage of male was the lowest in the 30s group. In female, the skinfold thickness of trunk and triceps increase with age while calf skinfold decreases. Body fat percentage of female increases with age but then decreases after 50 years old. （3） The mean vales of Mulam skinfold thickness are relatively low compared with Daur, Uzbek and Han nationality.展开更多
The water extract of dry mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum （DME） was used to induce resistance in Virginia tobacco plants against Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Results showed that the efficacy of DME in c...The water extract of dry mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum （DME） was used to induce resistance in Virginia tobacco plants against Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Results showed that the efficacy of DME in controlling black shank disease depended on both DME solution concentration and its＇ treatment methodology. Soil application of 1.5-5% DME 72 hr before inoculation with Phtophthora parasitica vat. nicotianae provided highly significant protection against black shank, relative to the control without DME treatment. Optimized tobacco plant treatment with 2.5% DME significantly increased peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity levels in the upper leaf sections of the tobacco plants. DME had no direct antifungal activity on the growth of Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae in vitro, suggesting that disease control with DME treatment resulted from the induced propagation of natural defense mechanisms in the tobacco plants.展开更多
Soil-erosion-induced land degradation is a great challenge in the Ethiopian highlands. Consequently, the government has invested in soil and water conservation measures to tackle the problem where farmland terracing i...Soil-erosion-induced land degradation is a great challenge in the Ethiopian highlands. Consequently, the government has invested in soil and water conservation measures to tackle the problem where farmland terracing is one of the commonly implemented measures in the country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of farmland terracing in maintaining soil fertility and to evaluate its performance within a terrace, across terrace age and slope of terrain. The study was conducted in the Lake Maybar watershed in Wello, northern Ethiopia. Composite topsoil samples were collected from plots representing four slope categories across the terrain and three positions within a terrace. The samples were analyzed for selected soil physico-chemical properties and statistically tested using ANOVA （analysis of variance）. The study revealed that soil pH （△pH [H2O] = 0.6）, exchangeable K＋ （△K＋ = 0.33 cmol（＋）/kg） and clay （9%） content significantly increased towards the lower terrain position. Unlike other studies, all soil properties except bulk density （△ 0.40 g/cm3） showed non-significant differences within a terrace. Bench terrace formation reduced soil fertility gradients within a terrace for which it has been commented. Soil fertility also showed very slight change across terrace age, which indicates terracing reduced erosion-induced soil and nutrient loss. However, in order to optimize impact of farmland terracing on soil fertility maintenance, terracing should be complemented by fertility amendment considering site-specific conditions.展开更多
Investigation of depression prevalence in end stage renal disease （ESRD） patients treated with two different methods, hemodialysis （HD） and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） is conducted. We inves...Investigation of depression prevalence in end stage renal disease （ESRD） patients treated with two different methods, hemodialysis （HD） and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） is conducted. We investigated whether the dialysis adequacy （Kt/v） and serum hemoglobin level had any correlation with depression severity. Psychiatric interview was performed on 30 HD and 30 CAPD patients. Hamilton depression rating scale （HAMD） was used to evaluate depression symptoms. Kt/v and serum hemoglobin level were detected. Half of HD patients were depressive, while depression wasn＇t found in any CAPD patient. Hemoglobin was in positive correlation with the HAMD, while Kt/v was in negative correlation with the HAMD. Patients on CAPD had less depressive symptoms. Good dialysis adequacy diminish depressive symptoms.展开更多
A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC s...A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC system consisted of Hypersil ODS C 18 reverse phase column （150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a methanol gradient in 0.6% acetic acid and UV detector set at 254 nm. The results showed that the method was accurate and efficient.展开更多
Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Ric...Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology Release Committee of the Ministr展开更多
In this work, sucrose utilizing microbes from soil were screened to evaluate their ability for accumulation of biopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoate （PHA）. Among 72 isolates were transferred to mineral salt medium （MS...In this work, sucrose utilizing microbes from soil were screened to evaluate their ability for accumulation of biopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoate （PHA）. Among 72 isolates were transferred to mineral salt medium （MSM）, 33 strains can be grown on sucrose agar medium. However, only one strain showed a strong black color for Sudan Black and gave positive result for Nile blue A. Identification by 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of the isolate showed very closely to Hydrogenophaga sp. （99% identify）. To consider PHA production, the isolate was grown in the medium containing sucrose as a sole carbon under controlled conditions of 35 ℃ and at pH 7. Maximum dry cell weight （DCW） and PHA production were obtained at 3.61 g/L and 2.41 g/L after 36 and 42 h batch fermentation. Sucrose uptake measured in term of total organic carbon （TOC） showed at 14.73 g within 48 h. The highest PHA was 68.15% （gPHA/gDCW） giving maximum PHA yield （YP/s） of 0.17 （gPHA/gs ） and a productivity of 0.057 gPHA/L.h. This highlights the potential of microbial resources in soil environment and may be an exploitable application for the industrial production of PHA.展开更多
The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a s...The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a spacing of 25 crn × 1.0 m. In the nursery, an assessment was carried out of the effect of various biopreparations on such growth characteristics as the thickness and height of the maidens, the formation of lateral shoots and the total increase in their length. The control trees were not treated at all, but fertilized with an NPK fertilizer only （second control）. To stimulate growth, use was made of granular manure, mycorrhizal fungi in the form of the preparation Micosat, humic preparations or so-called vermicomposts （Humus UP, Humus Active）, extracts of marine algae （BF Quality） and of terrestrial plants （BF Arnin）, a product derived from yeast （Vinassa） and Tytanit. The specific biological effects of the preparations used in the sour cherry nursery for each morphological feature are presented in this paper in graphical form. A beneficial effect on the increase in the number of lateral shoots and the increase in their length was produced by the use of such products as： Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM and Vinassa. The most effective in this respect was BF Amin.展开更多
Equilibrium moisture content （EMC） data for rough rice of thirteen Chinese varieties were obtained by static gravimetric method at five different temperatures （10, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃） and 11% to 96% equilibrium...Equilibrium moisture content （EMC） data for rough rice of thirteen Chinese varieties were obtained by static gravimetric method at five different temperatures （10, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃） and 11% to 96% equilibrium relative humidity （ERH）. Six models, i.e., Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer, Modified Chung-Pfost （MCPE）, Modified Henderson, Modified Oswin, and Strohman-Yoerger （STYE） fitted the EMC/ERH data based on the coefficient of determination, residue sum-of-squares, standard error of estimate, and mean relative percent error. The best fitted equations were MCPE and STYE, but MCPE is three-parameter, readily transformed equation and adopted in this study. The isosteric heats for both rough rice desorption and adsorption, and for both the sorption of Japonica and Indica rice, decreased rapidly with an increase in seed moisture content （m.c.） until the m.c. of 20% dry basis （d.b.） reached, and thereafter they decreased smoothly with increasing moisture content. The isosteric heats of rough rice desorption were higher than those of adsorption below the m.c. of 22.5% d.b., but thereafter, there was no significant difference found between desorption and adsorption. The sorption isosteric heats of Indica rice were slightly higher than those of Japonica rice under all moisture contents at a constant temperature. These results provide a sound basis for future work on the drying and storage of rice.展开更多
Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both sal...Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both salts whereas uptake of Ca^2＋ retarded mainly by Na2SO4. Chlorophyll content was affected mainly by NaCl, while Na2SO4 treatment lowered the rate of photosynthetic activity. Both salt compounds caused accumulation of free amino acids including free proline but reduced the protein content in the leaves. The salt tolerance capacity of the broad beans plant in which the observations of the effect of salinity determined by different concentrations of NaCI and Na2SO4 on growth, chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic, free amino acids, free proline, protein and inorganic elements on plants are combined with observations on growth and yield, in order to arrive at a better understanding of their salt tolerance, has been studied and discussed in this paper. The results for the latter only （fruiting stage） are presented.展开更多
Polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake Sing. were extracted with boilingwater, followed by precipitating with ethanol. Two membranes of different molecular weight cut-off, namely, 30 kD and 10 kD were chosen with ult...Polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake Sing. were extracted with boilingwater, followed by precipitating with ethanol. Two membranes of different molecular weight cut-off, namely, 30 kD and 10 kD were chosen with ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activity of the purification polysaccharides was evaluated by various antioxidant assay, including DPPH （l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical, which may be comparable to Vitamin C, while the scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals was not obvious.展开更多
Huangguogan, an obvious Citrus hybrid, is suitable for transportation and export and ripens in March or April. Because of late season, it may playa significant role in fruit market. However, its origin is still unconf...Huangguogan, an obvious Citrus hybrid, is suitable for transportation and export and ripens in March or April. Because of late season, it may playa significant role in fruit market. However, its origin is still unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible parentage of Huangguogan via the combination of morphological and molecular markers including simple sequence repeat （SSR） and chloroplast simple sequence repeat （cpSSR）. Analysis of morphological traits including leaf stalk length, phylliform index and fruit shape index indicated that Huangguogan had similarities in morphology with Sweet orange. The SSR Cluster Analysis showed that Huangguogan was clustered together with Hongju tangerine and revealed -80% genetic similarity. They illustrated a close genetic distance between Huangguogan and Hongju tangerine. In addition, the bands of2 polymorphic cpSSR were identical in Huangguoggan and Sweet orange. Consequently, it is likely that its female parentage was the sweet orange （Citrus sinensis （L.） Osbeck） and its male parentage was the tangerine （Citrus reticulata Blanco）.展开更多
China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This...China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.展开更多
The electromagnetic fields surrounding the electric and communication installations are blamed not only for cancerigenic effects, but also for negative influences on the natural electrophysiological phenomena and ＂ac...The electromagnetic fields surrounding the electric and communication installations are blamed not only for cancerigenic effects, but also for negative influences on the natural electrophysiological phenomena and ＂accused＂ of causing some degenerative diseases of the nervous system, genetic modifications with hereditary effects, mental and behavioural disturbances. This research aimed to highlight that Directive 2008 / 46 / EC had a series of positive aspects as well as drawbacks. Directive 2008 / 46 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004 / 40 / EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents （electromagnetic fields） is criticized because these norms should regard not only the category of those working in different domains, but also the large category of consumers （of cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, etc.）.展开更多
Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains...Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains were collected from different geographical areas in Northern and Central Luzon region. Strains were differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. A single 10-based primer was used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） in V. volvacea and differences were noted in band size （bp） ranging from 1,800 bp to 550 bp. Principal component analysis （PCA） of the RAPD data revealed 4 groups from wild strains. One strain showed RAPD pattern with band appearance at 1,750, 950 and 750 bp; 3 strains at 1,800 and 750 bp; 8 strains at 1,500 and 550; and the most abundant group with 29 strains at 750 bp. With observed lack of heterogeneity among strains, it is recommended that more collections from the wild should be undertaken for more diverse germplasm collection. Moreover, it is suggested that RAPD can be used to delineate strains of V. volvacea with potential importance on genetic diversity conservation and breeding.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments： This investigation is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30170482） and by Luocheng Anatomy County of Guangxi in China.
文摘The skinfold thickness of six items （facial skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold and calf skinfold） were measured in 465 Mulam adults （232 male and 233 female）. The results were as follows： （1） The average skinfold thickness are higher in female at every age group. （2） As a whole, the skinfold thickness in the body of trunk is bigger than that in the limbs in both male and female. The curves of biceps skinfold thickness and calf skinfold thickness of male doesn＇t fluctuate with age. Body fat percentage of male was the lowest in the 30s group. In female, the skinfold thickness of trunk and triceps increase with age while calf skinfold decreases. Body fat percentage of female increases with age but then decreases after 50 years old. （3） The mean vales of Mulam skinfold thickness are relatively low compared with Daur, Uzbek and Han nationality.
文摘The water extract of dry mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum （DME） was used to induce resistance in Virginia tobacco plants against Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Results showed that the efficacy of DME in controlling black shank disease depended on both DME solution concentration and its＇ treatment methodology. Soil application of 1.5-5% DME 72 hr before inoculation with Phtophthora parasitica vat. nicotianae provided highly significant protection against black shank, relative to the control without DME treatment. Optimized tobacco plant treatment with 2.5% DME significantly increased peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity levels in the upper leaf sections of the tobacco plants. DME had no direct antifungal activity on the growth of Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae in vitro, suggesting that disease control with DME treatment resulted from the induced propagation of natural defense mechanisms in the tobacco plants.
文摘Soil-erosion-induced land degradation is a great challenge in the Ethiopian highlands. Consequently, the government has invested in soil and water conservation measures to tackle the problem where farmland terracing is one of the commonly implemented measures in the country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of farmland terracing in maintaining soil fertility and to evaluate its performance within a terrace, across terrace age and slope of terrain. The study was conducted in the Lake Maybar watershed in Wello, northern Ethiopia. Composite topsoil samples were collected from plots representing four slope categories across the terrain and three positions within a terrace. The samples were analyzed for selected soil physico-chemical properties and statistically tested using ANOVA （analysis of variance）. The study revealed that soil pH （△pH [H2O] = 0.6）, exchangeable K＋ （△K＋ = 0.33 cmol（＋）/kg） and clay （9%） content significantly increased towards the lower terrain position. Unlike other studies, all soil properties except bulk density （△ 0.40 g/cm3） showed non-significant differences within a terrace. Bench terrace formation reduced soil fertility gradients within a terrace for which it has been commented. Soil fertility also showed very slight change across terrace age, which indicates terracing reduced erosion-induced soil and nutrient loss. However, in order to optimize impact of farmland terracing on soil fertility maintenance, terracing should be complemented by fertility amendment considering site-specific conditions.
文摘Investigation of depression prevalence in end stage renal disease （ESRD） patients treated with two different methods, hemodialysis （HD） and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） is conducted. We investigated whether the dialysis adequacy （Kt/v） and serum hemoglobin level had any correlation with depression severity. Psychiatric interview was performed on 30 HD and 30 CAPD patients. Hamilton depression rating scale （HAMD） was used to evaluate depression symptoms. Kt/v and serum hemoglobin level were detected. Half of HD patients were depressive, while depression wasn＇t found in any CAPD patient. Hemoglobin was in positive correlation with the HAMD, while Kt/v was in negative correlation with the HAMD. Patients on CAPD had less depressive symptoms. Good dialysis adequacy diminish depressive symptoms.
文摘A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC system consisted of Hypersil ODS C 18 reverse phase column （150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a methanol gradient in 0.6% acetic acid and UV detector set at 254 nm. The results showed that the method was accurate and efficient.
文摘Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology Release Committee of the Ministr
文摘In this work, sucrose utilizing microbes from soil were screened to evaluate their ability for accumulation of biopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoate （PHA）. Among 72 isolates were transferred to mineral salt medium （MSM）, 33 strains can be grown on sucrose agar medium. However, only one strain showed a strong black color for Sudan Black and gave positive result for Nile blue A. Identification by 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of the isolate showed very closely to Hydrogenophaga sp. （99% identify）. To consider PHA production, the isolate was grown in the medium containing sucrose as a sole carbon under controlled conditions of 35 ℃ and at pH 7. Maximum dry cell weight （DCW） and PHA production were obtained at 3.61 g/L and 2.41 g/L after 36 and 42 h batch fermentation. Sucrose uptake measured in term of total organic carbon （TOC） showed at 14.73 g within 48 h. The highest PHA was 68.15% （gPHA/gDCW） giving maximum PHA yield （YP/s） of 0.17 （gPHA/gs ） and a productivity of 0.057 gPHA/L.h. This highlights the potential of microbial resources in soil environment and may be an exploitable application for the industrial production of PHA.
文摘The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a spacing of 25 crn × 1.0 m. In the nursery, an assessment was carried out of the effect of various biopreparations on such growth characteristics as the thickness and height of the maidens, the formation of lateral shoots and the total increase in their length. The control trees were not treated at all, but fertilized with an NPK fertilizer only （second control）. To stimulate growth, use was made of granular manure, mycorrhizal fungi in the form of the preparation Micosat, humic preparations or so-called vermicomposts （Humus UP, Humus Active）, extracts of marine algae （BF Quality） and of terrestrial plants （BF Arnin）, a product derived from yeast （Vinassa） and Tytanit. The specific biological effects of the preparations used in the sour cherry nursery for each morphological feature are presented in this paper in graphical form. A beneficial effect on the increase in the number of lateral shoots and the increase in their length was produced by the use of such products as： Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM and Vinassa. The most effective in this respect was BF Amin.
文摘Equilibrium moisture content （EMC） data for rough rice of thirteen Chinese varieties were obtained by static gravimetric method at five different temperatures （10, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃） and 11% to 96% equilibrium relative humidity （ERH）. Six models, i.e., Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer, Modified Chung-Pfost （MCPE）, Modified Henderson, Modified Oswin, and Strohman-Yoerger （STYE） fitted the EMC/ERH data based on the coefficient of determination, residue sum-of-squares, standard error of estimate, and mean relative percent error. The best fitted equations were MCPE and STYE, but MCPE is three-parameter, readily transformed equation and adopted in this study. The isosteric heats for both rough rice desorption and adsorption, and for both the sorption of Japonica and Indica rice, decreased rapidly with an increase in seed moisture content （m.c.） until the m.c. of 20% dry basis （d.b.） reached, and thereafter they decreased smoothly with increasing moisture content. The isosteric heats of rough rice desorption were higher than those of adsorption below the m.c. of 22.5% d.b., but thereafter, there was no significant difference found between desorption and adsorption. The sorption isosteric heats of Indica rice were slightly higher than those of Japonica rice under all moisture contents at a constant temperature. These results provide a sound basis for future work on the drying and storage of rice.
文摘Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both salts whereas uptake of Ca^2＋ retarded mainly by Na2SO4. Chlorophyll content was affected mainly by NaCl, while Na2SO4 treatment lowered the rate of photosynthetic activity. Both salt compounds caused accumulation of free amino acids including free proline but reduced the protein content in the leaves. The salt tolerance capacity of the broad beans plant in which the observations of the effect of salinity determined by different concentrations of NaCI and Na2SO4 on growth, chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic, free amino acids, free proline, protein and inorganic elements on plants are combined with observations on growth and yield, in order to arrive at a better understanding of their salt tolerance, has been studied and discussed in this paper. The results for the latter only （fruiting stage） are presented.
文摘Polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake Sing. were extracted with boilingwater, followed by precipitating with ethanol. Two membranes of different molecular weight cut-off, namely, 30 kD and 10 kD were chosen with ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activity of the purification polysaccharides was evaluated by various antioxidant assay, including DPPH （l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical, which may be comparable to Vitamin C, while the scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals was not obvious.
文摘Huangguogan, an obvious Citrus hybrid, is suitable for transportation and export and ripens in March or April. Because of late season, it may playa significant role in fruit market. However, its origin is still unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible parentage of Huangguogan via the combination of morphological and molecular markers including simple sequence repeat （SSR） and chloroplast simple sequence repeat （cpSSR）. Analysis of morphological traits including leaf stalk length, phylliform index and fruit shape index indicated that Huangguogan had similarities in morphology with Sweet orange. The SSR Cluster Analysis showed that Huangguogan was clustered together with Hongju tangerine and revealed -80% genetic similarity. They illustrated a close genetic distance between Huangguogan and Hongju tangerine. In addition, the bands of2 polymorphic cpSSR were identical in Huangguoggan and Sweet orange. Consequently, it is likely that its female parentage was the sweet orange （Citrus sinensis （L.） Osbeck） and its male parentage was the tangerine （Citrus reticulata Blanco）.
文摘China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.
文摘The electromagnetic fields surrounding the electric and communication installations are blamed not only for cancerigenic effects, but also for negative influences on the natural electrophysiological phenomena and ＂accused＂ of causing some degenerative diseases of the nervous system, genetic modifications with hereditary effects, mental and behavioural disturbances. This research aimed to highlight that Directive 2008 / 46 / EC had a series of positive aspects as well as drawbacks. Directive 2008 / 46 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004 / 40 / EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents （electromagnetic fields） is criticized because these norms should regard not only the category of those working in different domains, but also the large category of consumers （of cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, etc.）.
文摘Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains were collected from different geographical areas in Northern and Central Luzon region. Strains were differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. A single 10-based primer was used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） in V. volvacea and differences were noted in band size （bp） ranging from 1,800 bp to 550 bp. Principal component analysis （PCA） of the RAPD data revealed 4 groups from wild strains. One strain showed RAPD pattern with band appearance at 1,750, 950 and 750 bp; 3 strains at 1,800 and 750 bp; 8 strains at 1,500 and 550; and the most abundant group with 29 strains at 750 bp. With observed lack of heterogeneity among strains, it is recommended that more collections from the wild should be undertaken for more diverse germplasm collection. Moreover, it is suggested that RAPD can be used to delineate strains of V. volvacea with potential importance on genetic diversity conservation and breeding.
