背景与目的:三阴乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer)指雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和HER2/neu均无表达的乳腺癌,被认为是一种独立的临床病理类型,以侵袭性强、预后较差为主要特征的乳...背景与目的:三阴乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer)指雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和HER2/neu均无表达的乳腺癌,被认为是一种独立的临床病理类型,以侵袭性强、预后较差为主要特征的乳腺癌。本研究目的在于分析三阴乳腺癌的临床特征和影响预后的因素。方法:收集2000年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的经病理组织学证实、有完整随访资料的1280例可手术乳腺癌患者的临床资料,经病理学检查证实ER、PR和HER2/neu均为阴性的三阴乳腺癌305例(23.8%)。回顾性分析三阴乳腺癌患者的临床特征、复发及生存情况。结果:本组乳腺癌患者中有23.8%(305/1280)是三阴乳腺癌,多见于年轻患者,诊断时肿块较大、局部淋巴结阳性者较多,有乳腺癌家族史的患者较多。截止至2007年6月,三阴乳腺癌组患者中位随访时间为52个月(28～89个月),有234例患者出现复发及转移,94例已死亡。三阴乳腺癌组局部复发率与非三阴乳腺癌患者相比无显著性差异;但三阴乳腺癌患者远处转移发生率显著增高,主要表现肺转移(HR=4.41,P<0.001)和肝转移(HR=2.13,P=0.006)发生率高。生存分析显示,三阴乳腺癌患者的5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为73.7%和88.5%,均显著低于非三阴乳腺癌患者(80.8%和92.8%,P=0.025,P=0.010)。多因素分析显示,肿块大小和淋巴结状况是影响三阴乳腺癌预后的两个主要因素。结论:三阴乳腺癌在乳腺癌中占有约1/4的比例。这些患者往往年轻、有乳腺癌家族史、肿块较大、淋巴结阳性多。三阴乳腺癌容易出现肺转移和肝转移,这可能是导致三阴乳腺癌预后较差的重要原因。展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to pr...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening.展开更多
背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disabi...背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)负担的比率及趋势,并与美国(United States,US)和英国(United Kingdom,UK)进行了比较。方法 本研究从GLOBOCAN 2020在线数据库、2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究和五大洲癌症发病率plus数据库(Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database,CI5 plus)中获取中国、美国和英国的癌症发病率、死亡率和DALY数据。使用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国、美国和英国癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势,计算年度百分比变化(annual percent change,APC),并确定最佳拟合连接点。结果 2020年估算的中国新发癌症病例为4,568,754例,癌症死亡病例为3,002,899例。此外,在中国,癌症引起的DALY为67,340,309。与美国和英国相比,中国的癌症发病率更低,但癌症死亡率和DALY率更高。此外,中国的癌症谱正在发生变化,除了肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和宫颈癌的发病率高和负担沉重外,肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的发病率和负担正在迅速增长。结论 中国的癌症谱正在从发展中国家向发达国家转变。人口老龄化和不健康生活方式将继续增加中国的癌症负担。因此,中国应参考发达国家已建立的癌症防控策略,并结合中国不同地区癌症类型的多样性,调整国家癌症控制政策。展开更多
<Abstract>Background and Objective:Cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells and autologous dendritic cells-CIK(DCCIK) cells co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells(DCs) and CIK cells are commonly used for immunoth...<Abstract>Background and Objective:Cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells and autologous dendritic cells-CIK(DCCIK) cells co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells(DCs) and CIK cells are commonly used for immunotherapy recently.We compared the anti-tumor immune response of CIK cells,autologous DC-CIK cells,and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells to explore a more effective anti-tumor adoptive immunotherapy approach.Met hods:Peripheral monocytes were isolated from patients with renal carcinoma,lung cancer,or maxillary squamous cell carcinoma and their healthy adult children.Isolated cells were cultured and induced as DCs and CIK cells in vitro.CIK cells from patients were co-cultured with autologous DCs and DCs from their children respectively,generating DC-CIK cells and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells.The anti-tumor activities of autologous CIK cells,autologous DC-CIK cells,and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells were measured by LDH assay.Intracellular staining was used to test the secretion of cytokines.Flow cytometry was applied for detecting the phonotype changes of these three types of cells.Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were detected by 5,6carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE) and Annexin V/PI respectively.Result s:Compared with autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells,semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity and IFN-γ secretion,reduced IL-4 secretion,increased the ratio of CD3+CD56+ cells and CD3+CD8+ cells,decreased the number of CD4+CD25+ cells,promoted cell proliferation,and lessened cell apoptosis.Conclusions:Semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells had a stronger anti-tumor effect than did autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells.Our results provided experimental evidence for clinical application of DC-CIK cells.展开更多
文摘背景与目的:三阴乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer)指雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和HER2/neu均无表达的乳腺癌,被认为是一种独立的临床病理类型,以侵袭性强、预后较差为主要特征的乳腺癌。本研究目的在于分析三阴乳腺癌的临床特征和影响预后的因素。方法:收集2000年1月至2004年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的经病理组织学证实、有完整随访资料的1280例可手术乳腺癌患者的临床资料,经病理学检查证实ER、PR和HER2/neu均为阴性的三阴乳腺癌305例(23.8%)。回顾性分析三阴乳腺癌患者的临床特征、复发及生存情况。结果:本组乳腺癌患者中有23.8%(305/1280)是三阴乳腺癌,多见于年轻患者,诊断时肿块较大、局部淋巴结阳性者较多,有乳腺癌家族史的患者较多。截止至2007年6月,三阴乳腺癌组患者中位随访时间为52个月(28～89个月),有234例患者出现复发及转移,94例已死亡。三阴乳腺癌组局部复发率与非三阴乳腺癌患者相比无显著性差异;但三阴乳腺癌患者远处转移发生率显著增高,主要表现肺转移(HR=4.41,P<0.001)和肝转移(HR=2.13,P=0.006)发生率高。生存分析显示,三阴乳腺癌患者的5年无病生存率和总生存率分别为73.7%和88.5%,均显著低于非三阴乳腺癌患者(80.8%和92.8%,P=0.025,P=0.010)。多因素分析显示,肿块大小和淋巴结状况是影响三阴乳腺癌预后的两个主要因素。结论:三阴乳腺癌在乳腺癌中占有约1/4的比例。这些患者往往年轻、有乳腺癌家族史、肿块较大、淋巴结阳性多。三阴乳腺癌容易出现肺转移和肝转移,这可能是导致三阴乳腺癌预后较差的重要原因。
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening.
文摘背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)负担的比率及趋势,并与美国(United States,US)和英国(United Kingdom,UK)进行了比较。方法 本研究从GLOBOCAN 2020在线数据库、2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究和五大洲癌症发病率plus数据库(Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database,CI5 plus)中获取中国、美国和英国的癌症发病率、死亡率和DALY数据。使用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国、美国和英国癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势,计算年度百分比变化(annual percent change,APC),并确定最佳拟合连接点。结果 2020年估算的中国新发癌症病例为4,568,754例,癌症死亡病例为3,002,899例。此外,在中国,癌症引起的DALY为67,340,309。与美国和英国相比,中国的癌症发病率更低,但癌症死亡率和DALY率更高。此外,中国的癌症谱正在发生变化,除了肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和宫颈癌的发病率高和负担沉重外,肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的发病率和负担正在迅速增长。结论 中国的癌症谱正在从发展中国家向发达国家转变。人口老龄化和不健康生活方式将继续增加中国的癌症负担。因此,中国应参考发达国家已建立的癌症防控策略,并结合中国不同地区癌症类型的多样性,调整国家癌症控制政策。
基金supported by Poten Biomedical Technology Development Co.,Ltd.
文摘<Abstract>Background and Objective:Cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells and autologous dendritic cells-CIK(DCCIK) cells co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells(DCs) and CIK cells are commonly used for immunotherapy recently.We compared the anti-tumor immune response of CIK cells,autologous DC-CIK cells,and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells to explore a more effective anti-tumor adoptive immunotherapy approach.Met hods:Peripheral monocytes were isolated from patients with renal carcinoma,lung cancer,or maxillary squamous cell carcinoma and their healthy adult children.Isolated cells were cultured and induced as DCs and CIK cells in vitro.CIK cells from patients were co-cultured with autologous DCs and DCs from their children respectively,generating DC-CIK cells and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells.The anti-tumor activities of autologous CIK cells,autologous DC-CIK cells,and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells were measured by LDH assay.Intracellular staining was used to test the secretion of cytokines.Flow cytometry was applied for detecting the phonotype changes of these three types of cells.Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were detected by 5,6carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE) and Annexin V/PI respectively.Result s:Compared with autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells,semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity and IFN-γ secretion,reduced IL-4 secretion,increased the ratio of CD3+CD56+ cells and CD3+CD8+ cells,decreased the number of CD4+CD25+ cells,promoted cell proliferation,and lessened cell apoptosis.Conclusions:Semi-allogeneic DC-CIK cells had a stronger anti-tumor effect than did autologous CIK cells and DC-CIK cells.Our results provided experimental evidence for clinical application of DC-CIK cells.
