Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation ma...Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation materials discovery,developing high-throughput DFT calculations and machine-learning techniques is of great necessity.This review comprehensively outlines the latest progress of theory-guided design of advanced energy transformation materials.Especially,we focus on the study of single atoms in various power devices,such as fuel cell(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR;acid oxidation reaction;alcohol oxidation reaction),and other reactions for energy-related electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2)evolution reactions(2e−ORR),water splitting(H_(2)evolution reaction/O_(2)evolution reaction,HER/OER),N2 reduction reaction(NRR),and CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Firstly,the electronic structure,interaction mechanism,and reaction activation path are discussed to provide an overall blueprint in electrocatalysis and batteries mentioned above.Thereafter,the experimental synthesis strategies,structural recognition,and electrocatalytic performance for the advanced energy transformation materials are figured out.Finally,some viewpoints into the current issues and future design concept of the advanced energy transformation materials are provided.展开更多
Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is extremely important for overall water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Herein we propose a promising organometal...Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is extremely important for overall water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Herein we propose a promising organometallic coordination polymer(OCP)induced strategy to construct hierarchical N-doped carbon framework with NiFe nanoparticles encapsulated inside(NxFe@N-C)as a highly active and stable OER catalyst.The synthesis of OCP precursor depends on the unique molecular structure of iminodiacetonitrile(IDAN),which can coordinate with metal ions to form Ni2Fe(CN)6 with prussian blue analogs(PBA)structure.Unlike previous PBA-induced methods,the thickness of the carbon layer covering the surface of the metal core can be well controlled during the pyrolysis through adjusting the amount of IDAN,which builds a wonderful bridge for investigating the relationship between carbon layer thickness and catalytic performance.Both the experimental characterizations and theoretical studies validate that a suitable carbon layers thickness leads to optimal OER activity and stability.By optimizing the structure and composition,the optimized Ni_(3)Fe@N-C with hierarchical framework exhibits the low overpotentials(260 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2);320 mV at 50 mA cm^(-2)),improved kinetics(79 mV dec^(-1)),and robust long-term stability,which exceeds those of benchmark RuO_(2).展开更多
Water splitting has been regarded as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly technique to realize green hydrogen generation,while more energy is consumed due to the high overpotentials required for the anode oxygen...Water splitting has been regarded as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly technique to realize green hydrogen generation,while more energy is consumed due to the high overpotentials required for the anode oxygen evolution reaction.Urea electrooxidation,an ideal substitute,is thus received increasing attention in assisting water-splitting reactions.Note that highly efficient catalysts are still required to drive urea oxidation,and the facile generation of high valence state species is significant in the reaction based on the electrochemicalchemical mechanisms.The high cost and rareness make the noble metal catalysts impossible for further consideration in large-scale application.Ni-based catalysts are very promising due to their cheap price,facile structure tuning,good compatibility,and easy active phase formation.In the light of the significant advances made recently,herein,we reviewed the recent advances of Ni-based powder catalysts for urea oxidation in assisting water-splitting reaction.The fundamental of urea oxidation is firstly presented to clarify the mechanism of urea-assisted water splitting,and then the prevailing evaluation indicators are briefly expressed based on the electrochemical measurements.The catalyst design principle including synergistic effect,electronic effect,defect construction and surface reconstruction as well as the main fabrication approaches are presented and the advances of various Ni-based powder catalysts for urea assisted water splitting are summarized and discussed.The problems and challenges are also concluded for the Ni-based powder catalysts fabrication,the performance evaluation,and their application.Considering the key influencing factors for catalytic process and their application,attention should be given to structure-property relationship deciphering,novel Ni-based powder catalysts development and their construction in the real device;specifically,the effort should be directed to the Ni-based powder catalyst with multi-functions to simultaneously promote the funda展开更多
The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein...The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein,a novel Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction was built up by integrating Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles on Bi2WO6 microspheres via a simple route.The S-scheme charge transfer mode substantially boosts the high-energetic electrons/holes spatial detachment and conservation on the Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(reduction)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)(oxidation),respectively,as well as effectively suppresses the photo-corrosion of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,rendering Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalysts with superior redox ability.The optimal Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction achieves exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and Cr(VI)reduction efficiency,3.2(1.9)-time and 33.6(1.6)-time stronger than that of neat Bi_(2)WO_(6)(Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S),while retaining the superior stability and reusability.Quenching test,mass spectrometry analysis,and toxicity assessment based on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships.calculation unravel the prime active substances,intermediates,photo-degradation pathway,and intermediate eco-toxicity in photocatalytic process.This research not only offers a potential photocatalyst for aquatic environment protection but also promotes the exploration of novel and powerful chalcogenides-based S-scheme photocatalysts for environment protection.展开更多
Recently,the limited abundance and uneven geographical distribution of Li resources seriously hamper the growing demand for lithium-based energy storage devices.In this regard,potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)sharing simi...Recently,the limited abundance and uneven geographical distribution of Li resources seriously hamper the growing demand for lithium-based energy storage devices.In this regard,potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)sharing similar“rocking chair”working principles with lithium-ion batteries have started to attract increasing attention due to their high energy density and abundant potassium resources.Carbon material is considered to show great potential for using as high-performance anode in KIBs.However,it is still a challenge to simultaneously achieve satisfactory specific gravimetric and volumetric capacities,high initial Coulombic efficiency,superior rate performance,and excellent cycle stability due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the large-sized K-ions.Herein,we summarize the latest research achievements of different types of carbon anodes for KIBs,including graphite,graphene,hard carbon,soft carbon,and carbon nanotubes,in which the key factors affecting the electrochemical performance are explored.Importantly,the alternative strategies for addressing the low gravimetric/volumetric capacity and low initial Coulombic efficiency of carbons are thoroughly emphasized.Finally,the critical issues,challenges,and perspectives are proposed to show the development direction of KIBs.We hope this review can provide researchers with new ideas to design high-performance carbon materials and give insightful perspectives to accelerate the application of carbon electrodes for KIBs.展开更多
The uncontrollable dendrites growth and intricately water-induced side reactions occurred on zinc anode leads to safety issues and poor electrochemical kinetics,which largely limit the widespread application of zinc-i...The uncontrollable dendrites growth and intricately water-induced side reactions occurred on zinc anode leads to safety issues and poor electrochemical kinetics,which largely limit the widespread application of zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs).Herein,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-2Na)is utilized as an electrolyte additive to strengthen the reversibility and cycling stability of zinc anode.Experimental results and theoretical calculation demonstrate that the EDTA-2Na presents a much stronger coordination with Zn^(2+)when comparing with H_(2)O molecular,implying the EDTA-2Na is capable to enter the solvation shell of[Zn(OH_(2))_(6)]^(2+)and coordinate with Zn^(2+)ions,thus achieving a flat and smooth zinc deposition with less by-products(Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)6·xH_(2)O and H_(2)).Consequently,the zinc symmetric battery with EDTA-2Na additive delivers an excellent cycling stability up to 1800 h under current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),and the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),corrosion,by-product issues are significantly inhibited.Moreover,the rate performance and stability of coin-type and pouch-type Zn||MnO2/graphite batteries are significantly boosted via EDTA-2Na additive(248 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1),81.3%after 1000 cycles at a A g^(-1)).This kind of electrolyte additive with chelation and desolvation functions shed lights on strategies of improving zinc anode stability for further application of ZIBs.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CNNs)become the most promising member in the carbon nitride family benefitted from their two-dimensional structural features.Recently,great endeavors have been made in the synthesis...Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CNNs)become the most promising member in the carbon nitride family benefitted from their two-dimensional structural features.Recently,great endeavors have been made in the synthesis and modification of CNNs to improve their photocatalytic properties,and many exciting progresses have been gained.In order to elucidate the fundamentals of CNNs based catalysts and provide the insights into rational design of photocatalysis system,we describe recent progress made in CNNs preparation strategies and their applications in this review.Firstly,the physicochemical properties of CNNs are briefly introduced.Secondly,the synthesis approaches of CNNs are reviewed,including top-down stripping strategies(thermal,gas,liquid,and composite stripping)and bottom-up precursor molecules design strategies(solvothermal,template,and supramolecular self-assembly method).Subsequently,the modification strategies based on CNNs in recent years are discussed,including crystal structure design,doping,surface functionalization,constructing 2D heterojunction,and anchoring single-atom.Then the multifunctional applications of g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheet based materials in photocatalysis including H_(2) evolution,O_(2) evolution,overall water splitting,H_(2)O_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,N_(2) fixation,pollutant removal,organic synthesis,and sensing are highlighted.Finally,the opportunities and challenges for the development of high-performance CNNs photocatalytic systems are also prospected.展开更多
Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern ...Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern energy storage devices.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have gained considerable attention due to their high energy density.Nonetheless,their use of liquid electrolytes raises safety concerns,including dendritic growth,electrode corrosion,and electrolyte decomposition.In light of these challenges,solid-state batteries(SSBs)have emerged as a highly promising next-generation energy storage solution by leveraging lithium metal as the anode to achieve improved safety and energy density.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by their porous structure,ordered crystal frame,and customizable configuration,have garnered interest as potential materials for enhancing solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)in SSBs.The integration of MOFs into SSEs offers opportunities to enhance the electrochemical performance and optimize the interface between SSEs and electrodes.This is made possible by leveraging the high porosity,functionalized structures,and abundant open metal sites of MOFs.However,the rational design of high-performance MOF-based SSEs for high-energy Li metal SSBs(LMSSBs)remains a significant challenge.In this comprehensive review,we present an overview of recent advancements in MOF-based SSEs for LMSSBs,focusing on strategies for interface optimization and property enhancement.We categorize these SSEs into two main types:MOF-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes and MOF-based all solid-state electrolytes.Within these categories,various subtypes are identified based on the combination mode,additional materials,formation state,preparation method,and interface optimization measures employed.The review also highlights the existing challenges associated with MOF materials in SSBs applications and proposes potential solutions and future development prospects to guide the advancement of MOFs-based SSEs.By providing a c展开更多
The development of high-efficient photocatalysts plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of solar energy.Hollow nanostructured photocatalysts are vital for solar light utilization and charge carrier sep...The development of high-efficient photocatalysts plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of solar energy.Hollow nanostructured photocatalysts are vital for solar light utilization and charge carrier separation in photocatalytic processes.Therefore,the construction of hollow semiconductor photocatalysts is a promising strategy for preparing novel high-efficient photocatalysts.This paper reviews common hollow semiconductor nanomaterials,such as oxides,sulfides,nitrides,C_(3)N_(4),MOFs,and their composite photocatalysts.The characteristics of hollow-structure photocatalysts,the application of solar energy conversion,and their understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism are also reviewed.In addition,future challenges will be focused on designing and majorizing broadband response hollow-structure photocatalysts to further enhance solar energy conversion.Hollow semiconductor photocatalysts will have potential applications in the natural environment,and these synthesized strategies can also provide new possibilities for synthesizing other high-performance semiconductor photocatalysts.展开更多
Magn-eli,a fascinating sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide phase that contains oxygen vacancies of TiO_(2),is proposed as a potential photo-electrode for photocatalysis due to its high conductivity and photoelectric con...Magn-eli,a fascinating sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide phase that contains oxygen vacancies of TiO_(2),is proposed as a potential photo-electrode for photocatalysis due to its high conductivity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.In this work,partially reduced porous TiO_(2) ceramics with a graded reduction profile and an aligned pore structure were prepared by carbo-thermal reduction of freeze-cast TiO_(2) with a range of porosities from 10 to 30 vol.%.AC conductivity evaluation revealed that the oxygen vacancies that exist in Magn-eli lead to a relatively high AC conductivity of~10 S/m at 1 kHz,as compared to that of the stoichiometric porous TiO_(2).A maximum photocurrent density and incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)of 9.14 mA/cm^(2) and 40.52%respectively were achieved from the gradient porous Magn-eli with a porosity of 30 vol.%.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technology that creates objects with a complex geometry layer-by-layer,and it has rapidly prospered in manufacturing metallic parts for structural and functional applications...Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technology that creates objects with a complex geometry layer-by-layer,and it has rapidly prospered in manufacturing metallic parts for structural and functional applications.Recent literatures have investigated the effect of different AM technologies on the microstructure evolution of titanium alloys.However,metal AM has mostly been regarded only as a shaping technology for near-net-shape manufacturing.A huge advantage of AM in alloy design and treatments has been largely overlooked at the present time.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the interaction of AM processes and different Ti-alloys,as well as the possible ways for mechanical property enhancements.On the one hand,the complex thermal histories caused by AM influence the phase transformation of Ti-alloys.On the other hand,the unique thermal and processing features of AM provide ways and opportunities to design new Ti-alloys with unachievable microstructures and properties by conventional methods.The aim of this paper is thus to provide a new perspective on the relationship between the AM process and alloy design,which is to consider AM as an irreplaceable material treating and design method.Only an integrated consideration of both AM process and alloy design can successfully achieve materials with superior properties for applications in the future industries.展开更多
The commercial application of aqueous zinc metal batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage is still suffered from their low-temperature operation,in which the electrochemical behaviors of the electrolyte,el...The commercial application of aqueous zinc metal batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage is still suffered from their low-temperature operation,in which the electrochemical behaviors of the electrolyte,electrode materials,and their interfaces will deteriorate at low temperatures.Herein,by considering the significance of this topic,an in-depth comprehensive and systematic summary of low-temperature zinc metal batteries(LTZMBs)with the main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies was provided.Furthermore,the promising perspectives have also been proposed,aiming to guide the scientific future development of LTZMBs.展开更多
Plasma as the fourth state of matter has attracted great attention for material surface modification,which could induce changes in material microscopic factors,such as defects,phase transitions,crystallinity,and so on...Plasma as the fourth state of matter has attracted great attention for material surface modification,which could induce changes in material microscopic factors,such as defects,phase transitions,crystallinity,and so on.However,the interactions among those microscopic factors and regulation mechanism of macroscopic properties have rarely been investigated.Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide with tunable structure and phase is one of the most promising electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers,which provides a favorable platform for systematically studying the dynamic coupling of its microscopic factors.Herein,we constructed a NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma method to modify the 2H-MoS_(2)and 1T-WS_(2)for exploring the regulation mechanism of microscopic factors.For MoS_(2)and WS_(2),NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma treatment behaves with different effects on dielectric responses,realizing dynamic coupling of material microscopic factors to collaboratively promote EM losses coupling.Consequently,the MS-D3-0.5(MoS_(2),3 kV voltage,0.5 mol L^(-1)NaBH_(4) solution)displays an optimum effective absorption bandwidth of 8.01 GHz,which is 319.4%more than that of MS-raw sample.This study not only reveals the novel mechanism of plasma induced dynamic coupling of microscopic factors for EMW dissipation,but also presents a new method of plasma-dominated surface modification to optimize the EMW absorption performance.展开更多
The extensive consumption of fossil fuels has caused the rapid increase in the CO_(2)level in the atmosphere,forcing people to find a clean and efficient technology of CO_(2)conversion to alleviate CO_(2)emissions and...The extensive consumption of fossil fuels has caused the rapid increase in the CO_(2)level in the atmosphere,forcing people to find a clean and efficient technology of CO_(2)conversion to alleviate CO_(2)emissions and develop value-added products.Among various CO_(2)conversion systems,electroreduction of CO_(2)to value-added chemicals is a feasible way for practical applications.Copper,the only metal that can catalyze CO_(2)reduction to multi-carbon products,has attracted the most attention among various catalysts.However,slow reaction kinetics,low product selectivity,as well as poor stability are the main drawbacks of single metallic Cu-based catalysts.Such issues can be addressed by introducing second metal in Cu-based catalysts.Here,we summarize the recent progress relating to the Cu-based bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO_(2)reduction,and discuss the composition and structure effects on the activity and selectivity of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.Last,we outline the challenges and perspectives on electrocatalysts for this field.We expect that this review can provide new insights into the further development of Cu-based bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
Co-catalysts decorations provide unique opportunity in promoting the photocatalytic water splitting performance of graphite carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))system,while mechanistic understanding of this complex catalytic ...Co-catalysts decorations provide unique opportunity in promoting the photocatalytic water splitting performance of graphite carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))system,while mechanistic understanding of this complex catalytic network remains elusive.Here,taking the single-atom-based photocatalysts(M1-g-C_(3)N_(4))as an unprecedented simplified model system,we theoretically tracked the photocatalytic kinetics for a comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic process and afforded the descriptorαS1-T1/αT1-S0(ratio of the extent of S1-T1 and T1-S0 state mixing)andΔGH^(*)(hydrogen adsorpti on free energy)for rational screening of photocatalysts.The targeted Fe1-g-C_(3)N_(4)yields an excellent H_(2)evolution rate(ca.3.2⋅mmol⋅gcat^(-1)⋅h^(-1)under full arc),two order of magnitude improvement relative to pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)counterpart and also outperforms other representative 3d-transition-metal-based photocatalysts.This work presents a comprehensive understanding of the essential role of isolated atomic sites in the photocatalytic course and sheds light on the design of photocatalysts from both photophysical and photochemical aspects.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)has made significant progress in producing solid and porous metal parts with complex shapes and geometries.However,LPBF produced parts often have defects(e.g.,porosity,residual stress,and i...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)has made significant progress in producing solid and porous metal parts with complex shapes and geometries.However,LPBF produced parts often have defects(e.g.,porosity,residual stress,and incomplete melting)that hinder its large-scale industrial commercialization.The LPBF process involves complex heat transfer andfluidflow,and the melt pool is a critical component of the process.The melt pool stability is a critical factor in determining the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of LPBF produced metal parts.Furthermore,optimizing process parameters for new materials and designed structures is challenging due to the complexity of the LPBF process.This requires numerous trial-and-error cycles to minimize defects and enhance properties.This review examines the behavior of the melt pool during the LPBF process,including its effects and formation mechanisms.This article summarizes the experimental results and simulations of melt pool and identifies various factors that influence its behavior,which facilitates a better understanding of the melt pool's behavior during LPBF.This review aims to highlight key aspects of the investigation of melt pool tracks and microstructural characterization,with the goal of enhancing a better understanding of the relationship between alloy powder-process-microstructure-properties in LPBF from both single-and multi-melt pool track perspectives.By identifying the challenges and opportunities in investigating single-and multi-melt pool tracks,this review could contribute to the advancement of LPBF processes,optimal process window,and quality optimization,which ultimately improves accuracy in process parameters and efficiency in qualifying alloy powders.展开更多
Devising exceptional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts utilized in annihilating pharmaceuticals and chromium contamination is significant for addressing the problem of global water pollution.In this work,a chemic...Devising exceptional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts utilized in annihilating pharmaceuticals and chromium contamination is significant for addressing the problem of global water pollution.In this work,a chemically bonded Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr S-scheme heterostructure with oxygen vacancies is ingeniously developed through a facile in-situ solvothermal synthesis.The designed Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr heterojunction exhibits eminently reinforced photo-activity for destruction of tetracycline hydrochloride and Cr(VI)as compared with its individual components.This substantial photo-redox performance amelioration is benefitted from the creation of an intense internal electric field(IEF)via supplying powerful driving force and migration highway by interfacial chemical bond to foster the S-scheme electron/hole disintegration.More intriguingly,the IEF at the hetero-interface drives the fast consumption of the photo-induced holes in Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S by the photoelectrons from BiOBr,profoundly boosting the enrichment of active photo-carriers and sparing the photo-corrosion of Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S.Furthermore,Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr with exceptional anti-interference property can work efficiently in real water matrices.Multiple uses of the recycled Mn0⋅5Cd0⋅5S/BiOBr evidence its prominent robustness and stability.This achievement indicates the vast potential of chemically bonded S-scheme photosystems with structural defects in the design of photo-responsive materials for effective wastewater treatment.展开更多
Rationally designing and developing robust and durable electrocatalytic materials for oxygen reduction/evolution are essential for metal-air batteries.Herein,an effective approach is proposed to fabricate high-perform...Rationally designing and developing robust and durable electrocatalytic materials for oxygen reduction/evolution are essential for metal-air batteries.Herein,an effective approach is proposed to fabricate high-performance electrocatalysts based on CoFe alloy and CoC_(X) nanoparticles sandwiched in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.The preparation of CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT is achieved by the calcination of CoFe_(2)O_(4) spinel and dicyandiamide under reducing atmosphere.The CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT catalyst exhibits remarkable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance with the onset and half-wave potential of 1.01 V and 0.89 V,respectively,exceeding the commercial Pt/C catalyst.Furthermore,the Zn-air battery using CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT as air cathode shows a power density of 175 mW cm-2,which is also higher than that of the industrial Pt/C t RuO_(2).The super electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the multiple heterointerface and strong coupling effect among CoFe,CoC_(X),and NCNT,which can regulate conductivity and electron structure of the catalyst.This study supplies a practical strategy to exploit active and low-cost catalytic material for Zn-air batteries,and presents an in-depth insight into the designing of efficient green energy storage devices.展开更多
Surface charge localization and inferior charge transfer efficiency seriously restrict the supply of reactive hydrogen and the reaction dynamics of CO_(2) photoreduction performance of photocatalysts.Herein,chemically...Surface charge localization and inferior charge transfer efficiency seriously restrict the supply of reactive hydrogen and the reaction dynamics of CO_(2) photoreduction performance of photocatalysts.Herein,chemically bonded BiVO_(4)/Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27)(BVO/BCS)S-scheme heterojunction with a strong internal electric field is designed.Experimental and density function theory calculation results confirm that the elaborated heterojunction accelerates the vectorial migration of photogenerated charges from BiVO_(4) to Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27) via the interfacial chemical bonding interactions(i.e.,Bi-O and Bi-S bonds)between Bi atoms of BVO and S atoms of BCS or Bi atoms of BCS and O atoms of BVO under light irradiation,breaking the interfacial barrier and surface charge localization of Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27),and further decreasing the energy of reactive hydrogen generation,CO_(2) absorption and activation.The separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers is much more efficient than that counterpart individual in BVO/BCS S-scheme heterojunction system.As a result,BVO/BCS heterojunction exhibits a significantly improved continuous photocatalytic performance for CO_(2) reduction and the 24 h CO yield reaches 678.27μmol⋅g^(-1).This work provides an atomic-level insight into charge transfer kinetics and CO_(2) reduction mechanism in S-scheme heterojunction.展开更多
Flexible lithium metal batteries with high capacity and power density have been regarded as the core power resources of wearable electronics.However,the main challenge lies in the limited electrochemical performance o...Flexible lithium metal batteries with high capacity and power density have been regarded as the core power resources of wearable electronics.However,the main challenge lies in the limited electrochemical performance of solid-state polymer electrolytes,which hinders further practical applications.Incorporating functional inorganic additives is an effective approach to improve the performance,including increasing ionic conductivity,achieving dendrite inhibiting capability,and improving safety and stability.Herein,this review summarizes the latest developments of functional inorganic additives in composite solid-state electrolytes for flexible metal batteries with special emphasis on their mechanisms,strategies,and cutting-edge applications,in particular,the relationship between them is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspective on future research directions and the key challenges on this topic are outlooked.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890383,21871159)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province of China(2020B010188002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691834).
文摘Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation materials discovery,developing high-throughput DFT calculations and machine-learning techniques is of great necessity.This review comprehensively outlines the latest progress of theory-guided design of advanced energy transformation materials.Especially,we focus on the study of single atoms in various power devices,such as fuel cell(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR;acid oxidation reaction;alcohol oxidation reaction),and other reactions for energy-related electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2)evolution reactions(2e−ORR),water splitting(H_(2)evolution reaction/O_(2)evolution reaction,HER/OER),N2 reduction reaction(NRR),and CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Firstly,the electronic structure,interaction mechanism,and reaction activation path are discussed to provide an overall blueprint in electrocatalysis and batteries mentioned above.Thereafter,the experimental synthesis strategies,structural recognition,and electrocatalytic performance for the advanced energy transformation materials are figured out.Finally,some viewpoints into the current issues and future design concept of the advanced energy transformation materials are provided.
基金the financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22109073,22072067 and 21875112)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200711)+2 种基金supported from the National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and a project sponsored by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsZ.Li thanks Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_1326)China Scholarship Council(No.202006860026).
文摘Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is extremely important for overall water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Herein we propose a promising organometallic coordination polymer(OCP)induced strategy to construct hierarchical N-doped carbon framework with NiFe nanoparticles encapsulated inside(NxFe@N-C)as a highly active and stable OER catalyst.The synthesis of OCP precursor depends on the unique molecular structure of iminodiacetonitrile(IDAN),which can coordinate with metal ions to form Ni2Fe(CN)6 with prussian blue analogs(PBA)structure.Unlike previous PBA-induced methods,the thickness of the carbon layer covering the surface of the metal core can be well controlled during the pyrolysis through adjusting the amount of IDAN,which builds a wonderful bridge for investigating the relationship between carbon layer thickness and catalytic performance.Both the experimental characterizations and theoretical studies validate that a suitable carbon layers thickness leads to optimal OER activity and stability.By optimizing the structure and composition,the optimized Ni_(3)Fe@N-C with hierarchical framework exhibits the low overpotentials(260 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2);320 mV at 50 mA cm^(-2)),improved kinetics(79 mV dec^(-1)),and robust long-term stability,which exceeds those of benchmark RuO_(2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22102105,21972124)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution.The author Ligang Feng also appreciates the support of the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.XCL-070-2018).
文摘Water splitting has been regarded as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly technique to realize green hydrogen generation,while more energy is consumed due to the high overpotentials required for the anode oxygen evolution reaction.Urea electrooxidation,an ideal substitute,is thus received increasing attention in assisting water-splitting reactions.Note that highly efficient catalysts are still required to drive urea oxidation,and the facile generation of high valence state species is significant in the reaction based on the electrochemicalchemical mechanisms.The high cost and rareness make the noble metal catalysts impossible for further consideration in large-scale application.Ni-based catalysts are very promising due to their cheap price,facile structure tuning,good compatibility,and easy active phase formation.In the light of the significant advances made recently,herein,we reviewed the recent advances of Ni-based powder catalysts for urea oxidation in assisting water-splitting reaction.The fundamental of urea oxidation is firstly presented to clarify the mechanism of urea-assisted water splitting,and then the prevailing evaluation indicators are briefly expressed based on the electrochemical measurements.The catalyst design principle including synergistic effect,electronic effect,defect construction and surface reconstruction as well as the main fabrication approaches are presented and the advances of various Ni-based powder catalysts for urea assisted water splitting are summarized and discussed.The problems and challenges are also concluded for the Ni-based powder catalysts fabrication,the performance evaluation,and their application.Considering the key influencing factors for catalytic process and their application,attention should be given to structure-property relationship deciphering,novel Ni-based powder catalysts development and their construction in the real device;specifically,the effort should be directed to the Ni-based powder catalyst with multi-functions to simultaneously promote the funda
文摘The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein,a novel Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction was built up by integrating Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles on Bi2WO6 microspheres via a simple route.The S-scheme charge transfer mode substantially boosts the high-energetic electrons/holes spatial detachment and conservation on the Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(reduction)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)(oxidation),respectively,as well as effectively suppresses the photo-corrosion of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,rendering Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalysts with superior redox ability.The optimal Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction achieves exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and Cr(VI)reduction efficiency,3.2(1.9)-time and 33.6(1.6)-time stronger than that of neat Bi_(2)WO_(6)(Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S),while retaining the superior stability and reusability.Quenching test,mass spectrometry analysis,and toxicity assessment based on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships.calculation unravel the prime active substances,intermediates,photo-degradation pathway,and intermediate eco-toxicity in photocatalytic process.This research not only offers a potential photocatalyst for aquatic environment protection but also promotes the exploration of novel and powerful chalcogenides-based S-scheme photocatalysts for environment protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22179123 and 21471139)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2020ME038)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201941010)the Shandong Provincial Key R&D Plan and the Public Welfare Special Program,China(2019GGX102038).
文摘Recently,the limited abundance and uneven geographical distribution of Li resources seriously hamper the growing demand for lithium-based energy storage devices.In this regard,potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)sharing similar“rocking chair”working principles with lithium-ion batteries have started to attract increasing attention due to their high energy density and abundant potassium resources.Carbon material is considered to show great potential for using as high-performance anode in KIBs.However,it is still a challenge to simultaneously achieve satisfactory specific gravimetric and volumetric capacities,high initial Coulombic efficiency,superior rate performance,and excellent cycle stability due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the large-sized K-ions.Herein,we summarize the latest research achievements of different types of carbon anodes for KIBs,including graphite,graphene,hard carbon,soft carbon,and carbon nanotubes,in which the key factors affecting the electrochemical performance are explored.Importantly,the alternative strategies for addressing the low gravimetric/volumetric capacity and low initial Coulombic efficiency of carbons are thoroughly emphasized.Finally,the critical issues,challenges,and perspectives are proposed to show the development direction of KIBs.We hope this review can provide researchers with new ideas to design high-performance carbon materials and give insightful perspectives to accelerate the application of carbon electrodes for KIBs.
基金supported from the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT):NRCT-RSA63001-19Second Century Fund(C2F),Chulalongkorn University.
文摘The uncontrollable dendrites growth and intricately water-induced side reactions occurred on zinc anode leads to safety issues and poor electrochemical kinetics,which largely limit the widespread application of zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs).Herein,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-2Na)is utilized as an electrolyte additive to strengthen the reversibility and cycling stability of zinc anode.Experimental results and theoretical calculation demonstrate that the EDTA-2Na presents a much stronger coordination with Zn^(2+)when comparing with H_(2)O molecular,implying the EDTA-2Na is capable to enter the solvation shell of[Zn(OH_(2))_(6)]^(2+)and coordinate with Zn^(2+)ions,thus achieving a flat and smooth zinc deposition with less by-products(Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)6·xH_(2)O and H_(2)).Consequently,the zinc symmetric battery with EDTA-2Na additive delivers an excellent cycling stability up to 1800 h under current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),and the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),corrosion,by-product issues are significantly inhibited.Moreover,the rate performance and stability of coin-type and pouch-type Zn||MnO2/graphite batteries are significantly boosted via EDTA-2Na additive(248 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1),81.3%after 1000 cycles at a A g^(-1)).This kind of electrolyte additive with chelation and desolvation functions shed lights on strategies of improving zinc anode stability for further application of ZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172195)Central South University Graduate Students Independent Exploration and Innovation Project(2023ZZTS0736 and 2023ZZTS0760).
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CNNs)become the most promising member in the carbon nitride family benefitted from their two-dimensional structural features.Recently,great endeavors have been made in the synthesis and modification of CNNs to improve their photocatalytic properties,and many exciting progresses have been gained.In order to elucidate the fundamentals of CNNs based catalysts and provide the insights into rational design of photocatalysis system,we describe recent progress made in CNNs preparation strategies and their applications in this review.Firstly,the physicochemical properties of CNNs are briefly introduced.Secondly,the synthesis approaches of CNNs are reviewed,including top-down stripping strategies(thermal,gas,liquid,and composite stripping)and bottom-up precursor molecules design strategies(solvothermal,template,and supramolecular self-assembly method).Subsequently,the modification strategies based on CNNs in recent years are discussed,including crystal structure design,doping,surface functionalization,constructing 2D heterojunction,and anchoring single-atom.Then the multifunctional applications of g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheet based materials in photocatalysis including H_(2) evolution,O_(2) evolution,overall water splitting,H_(2)O_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,N_(2) fixation,pollutant removal,organic synthesis,and sensing are highlighted.Finally,the opportunities and challenges for the development of high-performance CNNs photocatalytic systems are also prospected.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075211 and 51971157)City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grant(DON-RMG No.9229021)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2023009).
文摘Emerging energy technologies,aimed at addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution,have become a focal point for society.However,these actualities present significant challenges for modern energy storage devices.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have gained considerable attention due to their high energy density.Nonetheless,their use of liquid electrolytes raises safety concerns,including dendritic growth,electrode corrosion,and electrolyte decomposition.In light of these challenges,solid-state batteries(SSBs)have emerged as a highly promising next-generation energy storage solution by leveraging lithium metal as the anode to achieve improved safety and energy density.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by their porous structure,ordered crystal frame,and customizable configuration,have garnered interest as potential materials for enhancing solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)in SSBs.The integration of MOFs into SSEs offers opportunities to enhance the electrochemical performance and optimize the interface between SSEs and electrodes.This is made possible by leveraging the high porosity,functionalized structures,and abundant open metal sites of MOFs.However,the rational design of high-performance MOF-based SSEs for high-energy Li metal SSBs(LMSSBs)remains a significant challenge.In this comprehensive review,we present an overview of recent advancements in MOF-based SSEs for LMSSBs,focusing on strategies for interface optimization and property enhancement.We categorize these SSEs into two main types:MOF-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes and MOF-based all solid-state electrolytes.Within these categories,various subtypes are identified based on the combination mode,additional materials,formation state,preparation method,and interface optimization measures employed.The review also highlights the existing challenges associated with MOF materials in SSBs applications and proposes potential solutions and future development prospects to guide the advancement of MOFs-based SSEs.By providing a c
基金support of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871078,52172206)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.JQ2019B001)+3 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Startup Fund,China(No.LBH-Q14135)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2021MB016)the Heilongjiang University Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.JCL201802)the Heilongjiang Provincial Institutions of Higher Learning Basic Research Funds Basic Research Projects,China(No.KJCX201909).
文摘The development of high-efficient photocatalysts plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of solar energy.Hollow nanostructured photocatalysts are vital for solar light utilization and charge carrier separation in photocatalytic processes.Therefore,the construction of hollow semiconductor photocatalysts is a promising strategy for preparing novel high-efficient photocatalysts.This paper reviews common hollow semiconductor nanomaterials,such as oxides,sulfides,nitrides,C_(3)N_(4),MOFs,and their composite photocatalysts.The characteristics of hollow-structure photocatalysts,the application of solar energy conversion,and their understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism are also reviewed.In addition,future challenges will be focused on designing and majorizing broadband response hollow-structure photocatalysts to further enhance solar energy conversion.Hollow semiconductor photocatalysts will have potential applications in the natural environment,and these synthesized strategies can also provide new possibilities for synthesizing other high-performance semiconductor photocatalysts.
基金Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province,China(No.2020WK2004)Hundred Youth Talents Program of Hunan,China,Overseas Talent Introduction Project of China,the Academy of Medical Sciences GCRF Fund,China(GCRFNGR2-10059)The Leverhulme Trust(RGP-2018-290)for their support.
文摘Magn-eli,a fascinating sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide phase that contains oxygen vacancies of TiO_(2),is proposed as a potential photo-electrode for photocatalysis due to its high conductivity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.In this work,partially reduced porous TiO_(2) ceramics with a graded reduction profile and an aligned pore structure were prepared by carbo-thermal reduction of freeze-cast TiO_(2) with a range of porosities from 10 to 30 vol.%.AC conductivity evaluation revealed that the oxygen vacancies that exist in Magn-eli lead to a relatively high AC conductivity of~10 S/m at 1 kHz,as compared to that of the stoichiometric porous TiO_(2).A maximum photocurrent density and incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)of 9.14 mA/cm^(2) and 40.52%respectively were achieved from the gradient porous Magn-eli with a porosity of 30 vol.%.
基金the internal funding from City University of Hong Kong under the Programs 9042635 and 9360161.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is an innovative technology that creates objects with a complex geometry layer-by-layer,and it has rapidly prospered in manufacturing metallic parts for structural and functional applications.Recent literatures have investigated the effect of different AM technologies on the microstructure evolution of titanium alloys.However,metal AM has mostly been regarded only as a shaping technology for near-net-shape manufacturing.A huge advantage of AM in alloy design and treatments has been largely overlooked at the present time.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the interaction of AM processes and different Ti-alloys,as well as the possible ways for mechanical property enhancements.On the one hand,the complex thermal histories caused by AM influence the phase transformation of Ti-alloys.On the other hand,the unique thermal and processing features of AM provide ways and opportunities to design new Ti-alloys with unachievable microstructures and properties by conventional methods.The aim of this paper is thus to provide a new perspective on the relationship between the AM process and alloy design,which is to consider AM as an irreplaceable material treating and design method.Only an integrated consideration of both AM process and alloy design can successfully achieve materials with superior properties for applications in the future industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072411 and 51932011)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2021JJ20060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(Grant No.160171002).
文摘The commercial application of aqueous zinc metal batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage is still suffered from their low-temperature operation,in which the electrochemical behaviors of the electrolyte,electrode materials,and their interfaces will deteriorate at low temperatures.Herein,by considering the significance of this topic,an in-depth comprehensive and systematic summary of low-temperature zinc metal batteries(LTZMBs)with the main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies was provided.Furthermore,the promising perspectives have also been proposed,aiming to guide the scientific future development of LTZMBs.
基金support was provided by the National Science Foundation of China(Grants nos.51872238,52074227 and 21806129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.3102018zy045 and 3102019AX11)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2017JQ5116 and 2020JM-118).
文摘Plasma as the fourth state of matter has attracted great attention for material surface modification,which could induce changes in material microscopic factors,such as defects,phase transitions,crystallinity,and so on.However,the interactions among those microscopic factors and regulation mechanism of macroscopic properties have rarely been investigated.Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide with tunable structure and phase is one of the most promising electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers,which provides a favorable platform for systematically studying the dynamic coupling of its microscopic factors.Herein,we constructed a NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma method to modify the 2H-MoS_(2)and 1T-WS_(2)for exploring the regulation mechanism of microscopic factors.For MoS_(2)and WS_(2),NaBH_(4) solution-assisted Ar plasma treatment behaves with different effects on dielectric responses,realizing dynamic coupling of material microscopic factors to collaboratively promote EM losses coupling.Consequently,the MS-D3-0.5(MoS_(2),3 kV voltage,0.5 mol L^(-1)NaBH_(4) solution)displays an optimum effective absorption bandwidth of 8.01 GHz,which is 319.4%more than that of MS-raw sample.This study not only reveals the novel mechanism of plasma induced dynamic coupling of microscopic factors for EMW dissipation,but also presents a new method of plasma-dominated surface modification to optimize the EMW absorption performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51772234)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT19RC(3)063)Key Laboratory of Bio-based Chemicals of Liaoning Province of China.
文摘The extensive consumption of fossil fuels has caused the rapid increase in the CO_(2)level in the atmosphere,forcing people to find a clean and efficient technology of CO_(2)conversion to alleviate CO_(2)emissions and develop value-added products.Among various CO_(2)conversion systems,electroreduction of CO_(2)to value-added chemicals is a feasible way for practical applications.Copper,the only metal that can catalyze CO_(2)reduction to multi-carbon products,has attracted the most attention among various catalysts.However,slow reaction kinetics,low product selectivity,as well as poor stability are the main drawbacks of single metallic Cu-based catalysts.Such issues can be addressed by introducing second metal in Cu-based catalysts.Here,we summarize the recent progress relating to the Cu-based bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO_(2)reduction,and discuss the composition and structure effects on the activity and selectivity of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.Last,we outline the challenges and perspectives on electrocatalysts for this field.We expect that this review can provide new insights into the further development of Cu-based bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO_(2)reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51773025 and 22002013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT20RC(3)021)+1 种基金the Natural Foundation of Liaoning Province(Materials Joint Foundation,Grant No.20180510027)The authors thank NSRL(BL12Ba),BSRF(1W1B),and SSRF(BL11B)for the synchrotron radiation beam time.
文摘Co-catalysts decorations provide unique opportunity in promoting the photocatalytic water splitting performance of graphite carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))system,while mechanistic understanding of this complex catalytic network remains elusive.Here,taking the single-atom-based photocatalysts(M1-g-C_(3)N_(4))as an unprecedented simplified model system,we theoretically tracked the photocatalytic kinetics for a comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic process and afforded the descriptorαS1-T1/αT1-S0(ratio of the extent of S1-T1 and T1-S0 state mixing)andΔGH^(*)(hydrogen adsorpti on free energy)for rational screening of photocatalysts.The targeted Fe1-g-C_(3)N_(4)yields an excellent H_(2)evolution rate(ca.3.2⋅mmol⋅gcat^(-1)⋅h^(-1)under full arc),two order of magnitude improvement relative to pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)counterpart and also outperforms other representative 3d-transition-metal-based photocatalysts.This work presents a comprehensive understanding of the essential role of isolated atomic sites in the photocatalytic course and sheds light on the design of photocatalysts from both photophysical and photochemical aspects.
基金the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship,and the Australian Research Council through Discovery Projects(DP110101653,DP130103592)。
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)has made significant progress in producing solid and porous metal parts with complex shapes and geometries.However,LPBF produced parts often have defects(e.g.,porosity,residual stress,and incomplete melting)that hinder its large-scale industrial commercialization.The LPBF process involves complex heat transfer andfluidflow,and the melt pool is a critical component of the process.The melt pool stability is a critical factor in determining the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of LPBF produced metal parts.Furthermore,optimizing process parameters for new materials and designed structures is challenging due to the complexity of the LPBF process.This requires numerous trial-and-error cycles to minimize defects and enhance properties.This review examines the behavior of the melt pool during the LPBF process,including its effects and formation mechanisms.This article summarizes the experimental results and simulations of melt pool and identifies various factors that influence its behavior,which facilitates a better understanding of the melt pool's behavior during LPBF.This review aims to highlight key aspects of the investigation of melt pool tracks and microstructural characterization,with the goal of enhancing a better understanding of the relationship between alloy powder-process-microstructure-properties in LPBF from both single-and multi-melt pool track perspectives.By identifying the challenges and opportunities in investigating single-and multi-melt pool tracks,this review could contribute to the advancement of LPBF processes,optimal process window,and quality optimization,which ultimately improves accuracy in process parameters and efficiency in qualifying alloy powders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1809214)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20E080014 and LTGN23E080001)the Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan(2022C41011).
文摘Devising exceptional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts utilized in annihilating pharmaceuticals and chromium contamination is significant for addressing the problem of global water pollution.In this work,a chemically bonded Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr S-scheme heterostructure with oxygen vacancies is ingeniously developed through a facile in-situ solvothermal synthesis.The designed Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr heterojunction exhibits eminently reinforced photo-activity for destruction of tetracycline hydrochloride and Cr(VI)as compared with its individual components.This substantial photo-redox performance amelioration is benefitted from the creation of an intense internal electric field(IEF)via supplying powerful driving force and migration highway by interfacial chemical bond to foster the S-scheme electron/hole disintegration.More intriguingly,the IEF at the hetero-interface drives the fast consumption of the photo-induced holes in Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S by the photoelectrons from BiOBr,profoundly boosting the enrichment of active photo-carriers and sparing the photo-corrosion of Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S.Furthermore,Mn0.5Cd_(0.5)S/BiOBr with exceptional anti-interference property can work efficiently in real water matrices.Multiple uses of the recycled Mn0⋅5Cd0⋅5S/BiOBr evidence its prominent robustness and stability.This achievement indicates the vast potential of chemically bonded S-scheme photosystems with structural defects in the design of photo-responsive materials for effective wastewater treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 21666023,21467019,21701168)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2021ZD11,2019BS02015)+1 种基金Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT-19-A01)the 111 Project(D20033).
文摘Rationally designing and developing robust and durable electrocatalytic materials for oxygen reduction/evolution are essential for metal-air batteries.Herein,an effective approach is proposed to fabricate high-performance electrocatalysts based on CoFe alloy and CoC_(X) nanoparticles sandwiched in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.The preparation of CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT is achieved by the calcination of CoFe_(2)O_(4) spinel and dicyandiamide under reducing atmosphere.The CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT catalyst exhibits remarkable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance with the onset and half-wave potential of 1.01 V and 0.89 V,respectively,exceeding the commercial Pt/C catalyst.Furthermore,the Zn-air battery using CoFe-CoC_(X)@NCNT as air cathode shows a power density of 175 mW cm-2,which is also higher than that of the industrial Pt/C t RuO_(2).The super electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the multiple heterointerface and strong coupling effect among CoFe,CoC_(X),and NCNT,which can regulate conductivity and electron structure of the catalyst.This study supplies a practical strategy to exploit active and low-cost catalytic material for Zn-air batteries,and presents an in-depth insight into the designing of efficient green energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by Outstanding Talent Research Fund of Zhengzhou University,China Postdoc toral Science Foundation(2020TQ0277,2020M682328)Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leader Project(214200510006)+1 种基金China Scholarship Council(No.202108410356)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Henan province(202002010).
文摘Surface charge localization and inferior charge transfer efficiency seriously restrict the supply of reactive hydrogen and the reaction dynamics of CO_(2) photoreduction performance of photocatalysts.Herein,chemically bonded BiVO_(4)/Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27)(BVO/BCS)S-scheme heterojunction with a strong internal electric field is designed.Experimental and density function theory calculation results confirm that the elaborated heterojunction accelerates the vectorial migration of photogenerated charges from BiVO_(4) to Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27) via the interfacial chemical bonding interactions(i.e.,Bi-O and Bi-S bonds)between Bi atoms of BVO and S atoms of BCS or Bi atoms of BCS and O atoms of BVO under light irradiation,breaking the interfacial barrier and surface charge localization of Bi_(19)Cl_(3)S_(27),and further decreasing the energy of reactive hydrogen generation,CO_(2) absorption and activation.The separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers is much more efficient than that counterpart individual in BVO/BCS S-scheme heterojunction system.As a result,BVO/BCS heterojunction exhibits a significantly improved continuous photocatalytic performance for CO_(2) reduction and the 24 h CO yield reaches 678.27μmol⋅g^(-1).This work provides an atomic-level insight into charge transfer kinetics and CO_(2) reduction mechanism in S-scheme heterojunction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179062,52125202,22171136,and U2004209)financial support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30922010303)the financial support by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220079).
文摘Flexible lithium metal batteries with high capacity and power density have been regarded as the core power resources of wearable electronics.However,the main challenge lies in the limited electrochemical performance of solid-state polymer electrolytes,which hinders further practical applications.Incorporating functional inorganic additives is an effective approach to improve the performance,including increasing ionic conductivity,achieving dendrite inhibiting capability,and improving safety and stability.Herein,this review summarizes the latest developments of functional inorganic additives in composite solid-state electrolytes for flexible metal batteries with special emphasis on their mechanisms,strategies,and cutting-edge applications,in particular,the relationship between them is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspective on future research directions and the key challenges on this topic are outlooked.
