Accurate approaches for estimating flow resistance in large alluvial rivers are fundamental for simulating discharge,sediment transport,and flood routing.However,methods for estimating riverbed resistance and addition...Accurate approaches for estimating flow resistance in large alluvial rivers are fundamental for simulating discharge,sediment transport,and flood routing.However,methods for estimating riverbed resistance and additional resistance in the channel-bar landscapes remain poorly investigated.In this study,we used in situ river bathymetry,sediment,and hydraulic data from the Shashi Reach in the Yangtze River to develop a semi-empirical approach for calculating flow resistance.Our method quantitatively separates flow resistance into riverbed resistance and additional resistance and shows high accuracy in terms of deviation ratio(~20%),root-mean-square error(~0.008),and geometric standard deviation(~3).Additional resistance plays a dominant role under low-flow conditions but a secondary role under high flows,primarily due to the reduction in momentum exchange in channel-bar regions as discharge increases.Riverbed resistance first decreases and then increases,which might be attributed to bedform changes in the lower and transitional flow regimes as flow velocity increases.Overall,our findings further the understanding of dynamic changes in flow resistance in the channel-bar landscapes of large river systems and have important implications for riverine ecology and flood management.展开更多
基于地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS)开展城市的生态安全评价及态势研究,以武汉城市圈为研究区,基于压力-状态-响应(Pressure-Stats-Response,PSR)模型和层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),利用遥感数据...基于地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS)开展城市的生态安全评价及态势研究,以武汉城市圈为研究区,基于压力-状态-响应(Pressure-Stats-Response,PSR)模型和层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),利用遥感数据和统计监测数据,运用GIS的可视化和空间分析功能,对研究区生态安全状况进行分析和评价。结果表明,2000-2015年,武汉城市圈生态安全状况在逐渐变好,但仍以临界安全状态为主,有待进一步提高。城市间存在明显差异,生态安全空间分异特征明显。压力指数以临界安全和较安全为主,研究期间呈部分降低、整体提高的趋势;状态指数呈上升的趋势,以较安全状态为主;而响应状况不容乐观,大部分区域都处于临界安全,仍需加大对生态环境政策的响应力度。展开更多
文摘Accurate approaches for estimating flow resistance in large alluvial rivers are fundamental for simulating discharge,sediment transport,and flood routing.However,methods for estimating riverbed resistance and additional resistance in the channel-bar landscapes remain poorly investigated.In this study,we used in situ river bathymetry,sediment,and hydraulic data from the Shashi Reach in the Yangtze River to develop a semi-empirical approach for calculating flow resistance.Our method quantitatively separates flow resistance into riverbed resistance and additional resistance and shows high accuracy in terms of deviation ratio(~20%),root-mean-square error(~0.008),and geometric standard deviation(~3).Additional resistance plays a dominant role under low-flow conditions but a secondary role under high flows,primarily due to the reduction in momentum exchange in channel-bar regions as discharge increases.Riverbed resistance first decreases and then increases,which might be attributed to bedform changes in the lower and transitional flow regimes as flow velocity increases.Overall,our findings further the understanding of dynamic changes in flow resistance in the channel-bar landscapes of large river systems and have important implications for riverine ecology and flood management.
文摘基于地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS)开展城市的生态安全评价及态势研究,以武汉城市圈为研究区,基于压力-状态-响应(Pressure-Stats-Response,PSR)模型和层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),利用遥感数据和统计监测数据,运用GIS的可视化和空间分析功能,对研究区生态安全状况进行分析和评价。结果表明,2000-2015年,武汉城市圈生态安全状况在逐渐变好,但仍以临界安全状态为主,有待进一步提高。城市间存在明显差异,生态安全空间分异特征明显。压力指数以临界安全和较安全为主,研究期间呈部分降低、整体提高的趋势;状态指数呈上升的趋势,以较安全状态为主;而响应状况不容乐观,大部分区域都处于临界安全,仍需加大对生态环境政策的响应力度。
