Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were exposed to PCBs (50 μg/L) for 4 weeks. The gill and the liver morphology were examined by transmission eletron microslogy. Results indicated that the membrane and partial cytoplasm ...Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were exposed to PCBs (50 μg/L) for 4 weeks. The gill and the liver morphology were examined by transmission eletron microslogy. Results indicated that the membrane and partial cytoplasm of the epithelium cell in secondary lamella collapsed with lots of mucous and cell debris lying around. Hepatic cells which exposed to PCBs for 4 weeks showed the deforming nuclear deviated from cell centre, mitochondrim collapsed and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum fractured. Furthermore, there were lots of lipofuscin granule and lipid droplet in the cytoplasm of the damaged cells.展开更多
Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rap...Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits.We explored the predictive ability(PA)of genomic prediction with single-environment models,accounting or not for trait-specific markers,multi-environment models,and multi-trait and multi-environment models,using the genotypic(1600K SNPs)and phenotypic(grain As content,grain yield and days to flowering)data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Under the base-line single-environment model,PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content,respectively;the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso,genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces)were considered to perform similarly,and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17K,without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions.Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%.Multi-environment models,accounting for genotype×environment interactions,and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47%and 61%,respectively.Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models,the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As)with much higher efficiency for computing time.These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.展开更多
FACE(free air gas concentration enrichment)研究使用标准的作物管理技术,在完全开放的大田条件下运行,代表了目前人类对未来大气环境的最好模拟。利用独特的大型稻田FACE平台,以典型的常规水稻品种武粳15(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为供...FACE(free air gas concentration enrichment)研究使用标准的作物管理技术,在完全开放的大田条件下运行,代表了目前人类对未来大气环境的最好模拟。利用独特的大型稻田FACE平台,以典型的常规水稻品种武粳15(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为供试材料,研究近地层臭氧(O3)浓度升高(比大气背景臭氧浓度平均增高26%)对常规水稻颖花形成的影响。结果表明:(1)高浓度O3对供试品种全穗以及一、二次枝梗颖化分化数均无显著影响;(2)高浓度O3使供试品种全穗和二次枝梗颖花退化数和退化率均显著增加,颖花退化增多是由于现存一次枝梗上二次枝梗大量退化而引起的二次颖花退化所造成;(3)颖花退化数在颖花分化数中所占比例很低,故高浓度O3对两供试品种全穗和一、二次枝梗颖花现存数以及稻穗构成均无显著影响。结合前报可知,选用常规水稻品种以及增施保花肥可能是未来近地层高浓度O3环境下稻作生产重要的适应措施。展开更多
文摘Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were exposed to PCBs (50 μg/L) for 4 weeks. The gill and the liver morphology were examined by transmission eletron microslogy. Results indicated that the membrane and partial cytoplasm of the epithelium cell in secondary lamella collapsed with lots of mucous and cell debris lying around. Hepatic cells which exposed to PCBs for 4 weeks showed the deforming nuclear deviated from cell centre, mitochondrim collapsed and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum fractured. Furthermore, there were lots of lipofuscin granule and lipid droplet in the cytoplasm of the damaged cells.
文摘Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits.We explored the predictive ability(PA)of genomic prediction with single-environment models,accounting or not for trait-specific markers,multi-environment models,and multi-trait and multi-environment models,using the genotypic(1600K SNPs)and phenotypic(grain As content,grain yield and days to flowering)data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Under the base-line single-environment model,PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content,respectively;the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso,genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces)were considered to perform similarly,and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17K,without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions.Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%.Multi-environment models,accounting for genotype×environment interactions,and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47%and 61%,respectively.Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models,the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As)with much higher efficiency for computing time.These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.
文摘FACE(free air gas concentration enrichment)研究使用标准的作物管理技术,在完全开放的大田条件下运行,代表了目前人类对未来大气环境的最好模拟。利用独特的大型稻田FACE平台,以典型的常规水稻品种武粳15(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为供试材料,研究近地层臭氧(O3)浓度升高(比大气背景臭氧浓度平均增高26%)对常规水稻颖花形成的影响。结果表明:(1)高浓度O3对供试品种全穗以及一、二次枝梗颖化分化数均无显著影响;(2)高浓度O3使供试品种全穗和二次枝梗颖花退化数和退化率均显著增加,颖花退化增多是由于现存一次枝梗上二次枝梗大量退化而引起的二次颖花退化所造成;(3)颖花退化数在颖花分化数中所占比例很低,故高浓度O3对两供试品种全穗和一、二次枝梗颖花现存数以及稻穗构成均无显著影响。结合前报可知,选用常规水稻品种以及增施保花肥可能是未来近地层高浓度O3环境下稻作生产重要的适应措施。
