The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical products.Therefore,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs（either as a...The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical products.Therefore,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs（either as an engineered product or a contaminant）supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity profiles.In this study,30 ran AgNPs coated with citrate or poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG） were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line（HepG2）,namely in terms of viability,apoptosis,apoptotic related genes,cell cycle and cyclins gene expression.Both types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity profile.At the concentrations used（11 and 5 μg/mL corresponding to IC50 and-IC10 levels,respectively） the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCL2（anti-apoptotic gene）and BAX（pro-apoptotic gene） were both downregulated.Moreover,both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration（11 μg/mL） by increasing the percentage of cells in S（synthesis phase） and G2（Gap 2 phase） phases.Considering the cell-cycle related genes,the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were decreased.Thus,this work has shown that citrate- and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression,cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar way.More research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity,since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the main updated evidence about the health effects of air pollution,with a special focus on Southern Europe.Data sources:Literature was obtained through PubMed Central and the official websites ...Objective:To summarize the main updated evidence about the health effects of air pollution,with a special focus on Southern Europe.Data sources:Literature was obtained through PubMed Central and the official websites of European Agencies and Scientific Societies.Study selection:Recent shreds of evidence about the health effects of air pollution coming from international reports and original research were collected and described in this review.Results:Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor that causes a huge burden for society,in terms of death,health disorders,and huge socio-economic costs.The southern European countries face a more threatening problem because they experience the effects of both anthropogenic pollutants and natural dusts(particulate matter[PM]).The European Environment Agency reported the number of premature deaths in the 28 countries of the European Union attributable to air pollutant exposure in the year 2016:374,000 for PM2.5,68,000 for nitrogen dioxide,and 14,000 for ozone.In Italy,time series and analytical epidemiological studies showed increased cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality,as well as increased risk of respiratory diseases in people living in urban areas.Conclusions:Based on abundant evidence,the World Health Organization,which hosts the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases(GARD),the scientific respiratory societies,and the patients’associations,as well as others in the health sector,must increase their engagement in advocacy for clean air policies.展开更多
基金the projects CICECOAveiro Institute of Materials(Ref.FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013)CESAM(Ref.FCT UID/AMB/50017/2013)+5 种基金financed by national funds through the FCT/MECco-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)under the PT2020 Partnership AgreementFunding to the project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-021456(Ref.FCT PTDC/SAU-TOX/120953/2010)by FEDER through COMPETEnational funds through FCT,and the FCT-awarded grants(SFRH/BD/81792/2011SFRH/BPD/111736/2015SFRH/BPD/74868/2010)
文摘The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical products.Therefore,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs（either as an engineered product or a contaminant）supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity profiles.In this study,30 ran AgNPs coated with citrate or poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG） were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line（HepG2）,namely in terms of viability,apoptosis,apoptotic related genes,cell cycle and cyclins gene expression.Both types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity profile.At the concentrations used（11 and 5 μg/mL corresponding to IC50 and-IC10 levels,respectively） the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCL2（anti-apoptotic gene）and BAX（pro-apoptotic gene） were both downregulated.Moreover,both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration（11 μg/mL） by increasing the percentage of cells in S（synthesis phase） and G2（Gap 2 phase） phases.Considering the cell-cycle related genes,the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were decreased.Thus,this work has shown that citrate- and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression,cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar way.More research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity,since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts.
文摘Objective:To summarize the main updated evidence about the health effects of air pollution,with a special focus on Southern Europe.Data sources:Literature was obtained through PubMed Central and the official websites of European Agencies and Scientific Societies.Study selection:Recent shreds of evidence about the health effects of air pollution coming from international reports and original research were collected and described in this review.Results:Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor that causes a huge burden for society,in terms of death,health disorders,and huge socio-economic costs.The southern European countries face a more threatening problem because they experience the effects of both anthropogenic pollutants and natural dusts(particulate matter[PM]).The European Environment Agency reported the number of premature deaths in the 28 countries of the European Union attributable to air pollutant exposure in the year 2016:374,000 for PM2.5,68,000 for nitrogen dioxide,and 14,000 for ozone.In Italy,time series and analytical epidemiological studies showed increased cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality,as well as increased risk of respiratory diseases in people living in urban areas.Conclusions:Based on abundant evidence,the World Health Organization,which hosts the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases(GARD),the scientific respiratory societies,and the patients’associations,as well as others in the health sector,must increase their engagement in advocacy for clean air policies.
