七十年代以来,植物基因工程发展迅速,基因转移技术在农作物育种的研究和应用取得了显著成就。它包括两个层次的生物工程技术即外源 DNA 导入技术和植物基因工程技术。植物基因工程技术是提取分离植物目的基因,构建重组分子导入受体植物...七十年代以来,植物基因工程发展迅速,基因转移技术在农作物育种的研究和应用取得了显著成就。它包括两个层次的生物工程技术即外源 DNA 导入技术和植物基因工程技术。植物基因工程技术是提取分离植物目的基因,构建重组分子导入受体植物。筛选获得目的基因表达的后代,培育新品种。基因工程可以实现人工控制分子定向育种的目的,但由于这一技术的复杂性,需要有专门的技术人才、现代化的设备和充足的经费。因此只能限于少数实验室进行,短期内难以广泛应用。展开更多
To explore saline-tolerant high yield Spartina and rice germplasm resources,innovate upon distant hybridization technology,and develop new saline-tolerant mud flat Spartina germplasm,autonomous patent for invention wa...To explore saline-tolerant high yield Spartina and rice germplasm resources,innovate upon distant hybridization technology,and develop new saline-tolerant mud flat Spartina germplasm,autonomous patent for invention was used to study distant hybridization of Spartina and rice in 2005- 2016. The study adopted tidal flat planting screening,phenotypic screening,molecular marker assisted selection,to find biological evidences of new germplasm,and also applied crossbreeding,conventional breeding,and molecular breeding,to select new saline-tolerant Spartina and rice varieties. With 12 years of efforts,the team developed 1498 crossbreeding combinations and established pedigree file and seed bank,tested 307 crossbreeding materials(57 hybrid seeds showed parental genetic components of Spartina and Rice); obtained Spartina/ Rice distant hybridization and seed setting,transplanting,hybridization material economic traits,and molecular biological experimental evidences; Rice♀× Spartina ♂ hybridization success rate of 1. 04- 1. 39%; obtained authorization of patent for invention of Distant Hybridization Methods for Spartina and Rice; formulated procedures for high yield cultivation of Spartina-Rice,planted 33. 33 hm2Spartina-Rice in coastal saline and alkaline land,cultivated 10 new saline-tolerant Spartina-Rice varieties,and the rice yield up to 5. 925- 8. 28 t / hm2. Results indicate that Spartina-Rice is saline-tolerant high yield rice germplasm,developed through sexual hybridization,conventional breeding,and molecular breeding technologies,and is optimal crop for saline and alkaline land. Success of Spartina-Rice solves the problem of saline-tolerant crop badly for transformation of saline and alkaline land,the problem of feeds for herbivores,as well as problem of environmental pollution resulted from straw burning. Besides,it is of essential scientific significance for resource utilization,increase of agricultural efficiency,grain security,and farmland strategy,so it has broad application prospect.展开更多
文摘七十年代以来,植物基因工程发展迅速,基因转移技术在农作物育种的研究和应用取得了显著成就。它包括两个层次的生物工程技术即外源 DNA 导入技术和植物基因工程技术。植物基因工程技术是提取分离植物目的基因,构建重组分子导入受体植物。筛选获得目的基因表达的后代,培育新品种。基因工程可以实现人工控制分子定向育种的目的,但由于这一技术的复杂性,需要有专门的技术人才、现代化的设备和充足的经费。因此只能限于少数实验室进行,短期内难以广泛应用。
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(31072064)Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of Nantong City,Jiangxi Province(HL2014020)+3 种基金Leading Scientific and Technical Enterprising Talent Project of Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province(616035)Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2008182)Autonomous Innovation Project for Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(CX(11)4060)Key Program of Golden Bridge Project of Jiangsu Provincial Association for Science and Technology(200712)
文摘To explore saline-tolerant high yield Spartina and rice germplasm resources,innovate upon distant hybridization technology,and develop new saline-tolerant mud flat Spartina germplasm,autonomous patent for invention was used to study distant hybridization of Spartina and rice in 2005- 2016. The study adopted tidal flat planting screening,phenotypic screening,molecular marker assisted selection,to find biological evidences of new germplasm,and also applied crossbreeding,conventional breeding,and molecular breeding,to select new saline-tolerant Spartina and rice varieties. With 12 years of efforts,the team developed 1498 crossbreeding combinations and established pedigree file and seed bank,tested 307 crossbreeding materials(57 hybrid seeds showed parental genetic components of Spartina and Rice); obtained Spartina/ Rice distant hybridization and seed setting,transplanting,hybridization material economic traits,and molecular biological experimental evidences; Rice♀× Spartina ♂ hybridization success rate of 1. 04- 1. 39%; obtained authorization of patent for invention of Distant Hybridization Methods for Spartina and Rice; formulated procedures for high yield cultivation of Spartina-Rice,planted 33. 33 hm2Spartina-Rice in coastal saline and alkaline land,cultivated 10 new saline-tolerant Spartina-Rice varieties,and the rice yield up to 5. 925- 8. 28 t / hm2. Results indicate that Spartina-Rice is saline-tolerant high yield rice germplasm,developed through sexual hybridization,conventional breeding,and molecular breeding technologies,and is optimal crop for saline and alkaline land. Success of Spartina-Rice solves the problem of saline-tolerant crop badly for transformation of saline and alkaline land,the problem of feeds for herbivores,as well as problem of environmental pollution resulted from straw burning. Besides,it is of essential scientific significance for resource utilization,increase of agricultural efficiency,grain security,and farmland strategy,so it has broad application prospect.
