Objoctlve: To investigate whether China is a low riak area for dementia, we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing, China. Participants: A total of 3244 residents aged 55 years and ovcr- from two Distncts and onc co...Objoctlve: To investigate whether China is a low riak area for dementia, we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing, China. Participants: A total of 3244 residents aged 55 years and ovcr- from two Distncts and onc county covcring 7 urban and 8 rural communitics was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling. Of these, 3094 (95.2%) were interviewed. Design: Using a two-phase procedure, a Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination with 3 cut-off scores depending on respondertt's level of education was administered to all participates in 1997 Those who scored below the cutoff points and a subsample of those with scores in the normal range were interviewed in phase 2 to identify those with dementia through a set of diagnostic examination and the DSM-V criteria. A follow-up study conducted in 1998 for all persons who entered in phase 2 to identify those with Alzheimer's dementia ando vascular dcmcntia by thc utilization of N1NCDS-ADRDA, and NINCDS-AIREN critcria and to classify the severity of dementia by GDS criteria. Results: The ovarall prevalence of dementia was 4. 7% in individuals aged 55 years and over, 7.8% in those aged 65 years and over. Tie prevalerce of AD was higher than VD, especially in older age group, 2.6 vs. 1.8%, 1.8 vs. 2.7%, and 11.5 w. 2.9% for individuals aged 55 years and over, 65 years and over and 75 years and over, respectively There was little difference in cruud prevalence in individuals aged 65 years and over between urban and rurai communities (4.2 vs. 5.8% for AD and 1.8 w. 4. 1% for VD). Concluslon: Our overall prevalence is c onsiderably higher than previously reported estimates fiom Chuna and similar to thosc rcpoitcd in whitcs, suggcating that China is not a low risk arca for展开更多
The concentrations of amino acids (AA), stroke index and infarct area were determined in 26 gerbils which were divided into 3 groups: RSM-treated (n = 8), Saline-treated (n = 10) and sham-operated (n = 8). The levels ...The concentrations of amino acids (AA), stroke index and infarct area were determined in 26 gerbils which were divided into 3 groups: RSM-treated (n = 8), Saline-treated (n = 10) and sham-operated (n = 8). The levels of AA were measured with microdialysis technique in cerebral cortex. The concentrations of neurotransmitter AA, as Glu and GABA and Asp, were significantly increased during the first 60 min after CCA ligation, while the concentra-tions of non-neurotransmitter AA, as Thr and Ser, had no significant changes. In RSM-treated gerbils, the level of Glu was significantly lower than that of the saline-treated, but the GABA in RSM-treated was significantly higher than that of the sa-line-treated. The ratio of Glu/ GABA was significantly decreased after ischemia. The RSM could improve the reduction of ratio of Glu / GABA during 0-30 min and 91-120 min after cerebral ischemia. There were statistically significant decrease in terms of stroke index in RSM-treated group when compared with saline-treated group at 24 h and 16 h after CCA ligation respectively. The RSM has a tendency to decrease the size of infarct area, but no statistical difference. The results suggest that the neurotransmitter AA involve in the pathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemia and the RSM can attenuate dysfunctions of EAA and IAA. Furthermore, the results also imply that there may be an alternate way to treat cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the presynaptic releasing of Glu and stimulating the releasing of GABA.展开更多
目的研究鞘内注射CB2受体激动剂JWH015对背根节慢性压迫（chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia，CCD）大鼠痛阈和脊髓背角磷酸化NMDA受体NR2B亚基表达的影响，探讨CB2受体激动剂的镇痛作用及其可能机制。方法鞘内置管成功...目的研究鞘内注射CB2受体激动剂JWH015对背根节慢性压迫（chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia，CCD）大鼠痛阈和脊髓背角磷酸化NMDA受体NR2B亚基表达的影响，探讨CB2受体激动剂的镇痛作用及其可能机制。方法鞘内置管成功后的雄性SD大鼠84只，随机分为3组：假手术＋50％二甲基亚砜（dimethyl sulphoxide，DMSO）组（Sham组）、CCD＋50％DMSO组（Vehiele组）、CCD＋JWH015组（JWH015组）.Sham组和Vehicle组各有6只大鼠在假手术或CCD后第7天（鞘内未给药）取脊髓标本，作为免疫组织化学法检测脊髓背角Tyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基表达的基础值。其余大鼠在假手术或CCD后第7天分别鞘内注射50％DMSO10μl或JWH01510μg。假手术或CCD之前、鞘内给药之前、之后1、2、4、8、24、72h分别记录机械刺激缩足反射阈值（paw withdrawal mechanical threshold，PWMT）和热刺激缩足反射潜伏期（paw withdrawal thermal latency，PWTL）（n=6）．鞘内给药之后4、8、24、72h分别取脊髓标本（n=6），应用免疫组织化学法检测脊髓背角Tyr1472磷酸化NR2B亚基的表达情况。结果鞘内给药前Vehicle组和JWH015组大鼠的PWMT和PWTL均较基础值明显下降（P〈0．01）；与Vehicle组相比，JWH015组在给药后1、2、4hPWMT和PWTL显著升高（P〈0．01），但在给药后8、24、72h差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；Sham组大鼠脊髓背角Tyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基均呈低水平表达，但在CCD后第7天表达水平明显增强；鞘内注射50％DMSO后在各时间点均未能减弱CCD大鼠脊髓背角Tyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基的表达；鞘内注射JWH015在给药后4、8h能明显减弱CCD大鼠脊髓背角Tyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基的表达，但在给药后24、72hTyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基的表达再次增强。结论CB2受体激动剂JWH015对大鼠的神经病理性疼痛有治疗作用，该作用可能与抑制脊髓背角Tyr-1472磷酸化NR2B亚基的表达有关。展开更多
文摘Objoctlve: To investigate whether China is a low riak area for dementia, we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing, China. Participants: A total of 3244 residents aged 55 years and ovcr- from two Distncts and onc county covcring 7 urban and 8 rural communitics was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling. Of these, 3094 (95.2%) were interviewed. Design: Using a two-phase procedure, a Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination with 3 cut-off scores depending on respondertt's level of education was administered to all participates in 1997 Those who scored below the cutoff points and a subsample of those with scores in the normal range were interviewed in phase 2 to identify those with dementia through a set of diagnostic examination and the DSM-V criteria. A follow-up study conducted in 1998 for all persons who entered in phase 2 to identify those with Alzheimer's dementia ando vascular dcmcntia by thc utilization of N1NCDS-ADRDA, and NINCDS-AIREN critcria and to classify the severity of dementia by GDS criteria. Results: The ovarall prevalence of dementia was 4. 7% in individuals aged 55 years and over, 7.8% in those aged 65 years and over. Tie prevalerce of AD was higher than VD, especially in older age group, 2.6 vs. 1.8%, 1.8 vs. 2.7%, and 11.5 w. 2.9% for individuals aged 55 years and over, 65 years and over and 75 years and over, respectively There was little difference in cruud prevalence in individuals aged 65 years and over between urban and rurai communities (4.2 vs. 5.8% for AD and 1.8 w. 4. 1% for VD). Concluslon: Our overall prevalence is c onsiderably higher than previously reported estimates fiom Chuna and similar to thosc rcpoitcd in whitcs, suggcating that China is not a low risk arca for
文摘The concentrations of amino acids (AA), stroke index and infarct area were determined in 26 gerbils which were divided into 3 groups: RSM-treated (n = 8), Saline-treated (n = 10) and sham-operated (n = 8). The levels of AA were measured with microdialysis technique in cerebral cortex. The concentrations of neurotransmitter AA, as Glu and GABA and Asp, were significantly increased during the first 60 min after CCA ligation, while the concentra-tions of non-neurotransmitter AA, as Thr and Ser, had no significant changes. In RSM-treated gerbils, the level of Glu was significantly lower than that of the saline-treated, but the GABA in RSM-treated was significantly higher than that of the sa-line-treated. The ratio of Glu/ GABA was significantly decreased after ischemia. The RSM could improve the reduction of ratio of Glu / GABA during 0-30 min and 91-120 min after cerebral ischemia. There were statistically significant decrease in terms of stroke index in RSM-treated group when compared with saline-treated group at 24 h and 16 h after CCA ligation respectively. The RSM has a tendency to decrease the size of infarct area, but no statistical difference. The results suggest that the neurotransmitter AA involve in the pathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemia and the RSM can attenuate dysfunctions of EAA and IAA. Furthermore, the results also imply that there may be an alternate way to treat cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the presynaptic releasing of Glu and stimulating the releasing of GABA.
