The Arabidopsis Di19 （Drought-induced） gene family encodes seven Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins, most with unknown functions. Here, we report that Di19 functioned as a transcriptional regulator and was involved...The Arabidopsis Di19 （Drought-induced） gene family encodes seven Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins, most with unknown functions. Here, we report that Di19 functioned as a transcriptional regulator and was involved in Arabidopsis responses to drought stress through up-regulation of pathogenesis-related PR1, PR2, and PR5 gene expres- sions. The Di19 T-DNA insertion mutant di19 was much more sensitive to drought stress, whereas the Di19-overexpressing lines were much more tolerant to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. Di19 exhibited transactivation activity in our yeast assay, and its transactivation activity was further confirmed in vivo. DNA-binding analysis revealed that Di19 could bind to the TACA（A/G）T element and chromatin immunoprecipitation （CHIP） assays demonstrated that Di19 could bind to the TACA（A/G）T element within the PR1, PR2, and PR5 promoters, qRT-PCR results showed that Di19 promoted the expressions of PR1, PR2, and PRS, and these heightened expressions were enhanced by CPK11, which interacted with Di19 in the nucleus. Similarly to the Di19-overexpressing line, PRI-, PR2-, and PRS-overexpressing lines also showed the drought-tolerant phenotype. The pre-treatment with salicylic acid analogs INA can enhance plants＇ drought tolerance. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Di19, a new type of transcription factor, directly up-regulates the expres- sions of PR1, PR2, and PR5 in response to drought stress, and its transactivation activity is enhanced by CPK11.展开更多
Plant calcineurin B-like （CBL） proteins have been proposed as important Ca2＋ sensors and specifically interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases （CIPKs） in plant-specific calcium signaling. Here, we identified...Plant calcineurin B-like （CBL） proteins have been proposed as important Ca2＋ sensors and specifically interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases （CIPKs） in plant-specific calcium signaling. Here, we identified and isolated 15 CIPK genes in a japonica rice variety Nipponbare based on the predicted sequences of rice CIPK gene family. Gene structure analysis showed that these 15 genes were divided into intron-less and intron-rich groups, and OsCIPK3 and OsCIPK24 exhibited alternative splicing in their mature process. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that rice CIPKs shared an ancestor with Arabidopsis and poplar CIPKs. Analyses of gene expression showed that these OsCIPK genes were differentially induced by biotic stresses such as bacterial blight and abiotic stresses （heavy metal such as Hg2＋, high salinity, cold and ABA）. Interestingly, five OsCIPK genes, OsCIPK1, 2, 10, 11 and 12, were transcriptionally up-regulated after bacterial blight infection whereas four OsCIPK genes, OsCIPK2, 10, 11 and 14, were induced by all treatments, indicating that some of OsCIPK genes are involved in multiple stress response pathways in plants. Our finding suggests that CIPKs play a key role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses.展开更多
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) are involved in growth，evelopment and responses to endogenous and environmental cues．which link stimuli that areactivated by external sensors to cellular responses．In ...Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) are involved in growth，evelopment and responses to endogenous and environmental cues．which link stimuli that areactivated by external sensors to cellular responses．In Arabidopsis,as amodel，all of MAP kinase genes have been listed and classified．Based on the Arabidopsis MAPK families．a number of MAPk inase genes in other plant species have been recently isolated and classified．Most of the cloned MAPk inase genes can be activated by avariety of stresss timuli including pathogen infection．wounding．temperature，drought．salinity．osmolarity．UV irradiation．ozone and reactive oxygen species．Some tools and strategies are used to investigate their functions and signal pathways under different environmental stresses．indicating complexity and crosstalk of plant MAPk inase signaling pathways．It is still necessary to explore more novel tools and strategies to clarify MAPK signaling pathways，and how to apply the MAPK cascade to improve the resistance of crop to abiotic and biotic展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Chinese National Key Basic Research Project （No. 2011CB100305） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30970220）.The authors thank Dr Chen Shou-Yi （Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, China） for assistance with the trans- activation activity assay in Arabidopsis protoplasts and Dr Lin Hong-Xuan （Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, China） for providing the bacterial one-hybrid system. No conflict of interest declared.
文摘The Arabidopsis Di19 （Drought-induced） gene family encodes seven Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins, most with unknown functions. Here, we report that Di19 functioned as a transcriptional regulator and was involved in Arabidopsis responses to drought stress through up-regulation of pathogenesis-related PR1, PR2, and PR5 gene expres- sions. The Di19 T-DNA insertion mutant di19 was much more sensitive to drought stress, whereas the Di19-overexpressing lines were much more tolerant to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. Di19 exhibited transactivation activity in our yeast assay, and its transactivation activity was further confirmed in vivo. DNA-binding analysis revealed that Di19 could bind to the TACA（A/G）T element and chromatin immunoprecipitation （CHIP） assays demonstrated that Di19 could bind to the TACA（A/G）T element within the PR1, PR2, and PR5 promoters, qRT-PCR results showed that Di19 promoted the expressions of PR1, PR2, and PRS, and these heightened expressions were enhanced by CPK11, which interacted with Di19 in the nucleus. Similarly to the Di19-overexpressing line, PRI-, PR2-, and PRS-overexpressing lines also showed the drought-tolerant phenotype. The pre-treatment with salicylic acid analogs INA can enhance plants＇ drought tolerance. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Di19, a new type of transcription factor, directly up-regulates the expres- sions of PR1, PR2, and PR5 in response to drought stress, and its transactivation activity is enhanced by CPK11.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos.30800677 and 30771329)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. Y3080359)+1 种基金National Key Programs for Transgenic Crops (Grant Nos. 2008ZX08009-001 and 2009ZX08009-076B)Zhejiang Normal University Innovative Research Team Program, China
文摘Plant calcineurin B-like （CBL） proteins have been proposed as important Ca2＋ sensors and specifically interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases （CIPKs） in plant-specific calcium signaling. Here, we identified and isolated 15 CIPK genes in a japonica rice variety Nipponbare based on the predicted sequences of rice CIPK gene family. Gene structure analysis showed that these 15 genes were divided into intron-less and intron-rich groups, and OsCIPK3 and OsCIPK24 exhibited alternative splicing in their mature process. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that rice CIPKs shared an ancestor with Arabidopsis and poplar CIPKs. Analyses of gene expression showed that these OsCIPK genes were differentially induced by biotic stresses such as bacterial blight and abiotic stresses （heavy metal such as Hg2＋, high salinity, cold and ABA）. Interestingly, five OsCIPK genes, OsCIPK1, 2, 10, 11 and 12, were transcriptionally up-regulated after bacterial blight infection whereas four OsCIPK genes, OsCIPK2, 10, 11 and 14, were induced by all treatments, indicating that some of OsCIPK genes are involved in multiple stress response pathways in plants. Our finding suggests that CIPKs play a key role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses.
文摘Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) are involved in growth，evelopment and responses to endogenous and environmental cues．which link stimuli that areactivated by external sensors to cellular responses．In Arabidopsis,as amodel，all of MAP kinase genes have been listed and classified．Based on the Arabidopsis MAPK families．a number of MAPk inase genes in other plant species have been recently isolated and classified．Most of the cloned MAPk inase genes can be activated by avariety of stresss timuli including pathogen infection．wounding．temperature，drought．salinity．osmolarity．UV irradiation．ozone and reactive oxygen species．Some tools and strategies are used to investigate their functions and signal pathways under different environmental stresses．indicating complexity and crosstalk of plant MAPk inase signaling pathways．It is still necessary to explore more novel tools and strategies to clarify MAPK signaling pathways，and how to apply the MAPK cascade to improve the resistance of crop to abiotic and biotic
