The influence of Ce addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy was investigated to improve its mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ce to AM50 alloy results...The influence of Ce addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy was investigated to improve its mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ce to AM50 alloy results in the grain refinement and the mechanical properties of the Ce-modified AM50 at room and elevated temperatures are remarkably improved.AM50 magnesium alloy containing 1% Ce（mass fraction） shows better refinement and mechanical properties compared with the AM50 magnesium alloy with 0.5% Ce and even AM50 alloy without any Ce.展开更多
In this study,voltammetric and spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between Janus Green B（JGB） and bovine serum albumin（BSA） was reported.The interaction was observed at Britton-Robinson buffer（pH 7.0）...In this study,voltammetric and spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between Janus Green B（JGB） and bovine serum albumin（BSA） was reported.The interaction was observed at Britton-Robinson buffer（pH 7.0）.When JGB was added to solution containing BSA,the peak currents of BSA decrease with the increasing of JGB concentrations which is due to the interaction of JGB and BSA.The binding constant of JGB with BSA was obtained by voltammetric data.Also,this interaction was supported by means of UV-vis spectroscopic measurements.The UV-vis absorption spectra of JGB in the presence of BSA decrease with the increasing of BSA concentrations.展开更多
AIM: To investigate ophthalmologic findings in children with thalassemia major(TM) and compare the findings with healthy controls. ·METHODS: In a cross-sectional study,43 children with thalassemia major from pedi...AIM: To investigate ophthalmologic findings in children with thalassemia major(TM) and compare the findings with healthy controls. ·METHODS: In a cross-sectional study,43 children with thalassemia major from pediatric hematology outpatient clinics from two university hospitals and age/sex matched 47 healthy children were included in the study. After a complete ophthalmic examination,tear function tests including the Schirmer test,fluorescein tear breakup time(BUT),ultrasound pachymetry,and axial length measurement were performed. Obtained data was recorded for statistical analysis and the values of right eyes were compared between groups. ·RESULTS: The mean best corrected visual acuity was 1.34 ±0.75 in TM and 1.08 ±0.28 in controls. It was found lower than 0.1 logMAR unit in 10(23.2%) children with TM and 2(4.2%) in controls,and the difference was statistically significant(P 【0.05). The mean central corneal thickness was 540±26.95 in children with TM and 536.98± 20.45μm in controls(P 】0.05). The mean axial length was 22.53±0.50 in TM and 22.57±0.43mm in the control group. The mean Schirmer test score was 19.94±6.91 in TM and 24.22±3.95mm in the control group(P 【0.01). The mean BUT score was 9.62 ±1.28 in TM and 9.73 ±0.6s in the control group(P 】0.05). ·CONCLUSION: In TM,while corneal thickness,axial length,and BUT are close to controls,the Schirmer scores are less than normal. The study revealed that TM may be affected by the tear function and visual acuity.展开更多
Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors which develop as a cartilaginous differentiation of primary mesenchymal cells and the second most frequently seen malignant tumor of the bone after osteosarcoma. These maligna...Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors which develop as a cartilaginous differentiation of primary mesenchymal cells and the second most frequently seen malignant tumor of the bone after osteosarcoma. These malignancies are slowly growing non-epithelial tumors with unknown etiology and most frequently seen during the 4 decades of life. They are frequently localized on pelvis, ribs and long bones. Nasal septum CSs are very rarely seen malignancies. They originate from septal mucosa or cartilage and it is difficult to make a diagnosis unless they reach a certain size. A few cases of CSs with nasal septum have been reported in the literature. In cases of CSs, surgery is the gold standard treatment modality;however in surgically unresectable cases or close to margins, radiotherapy plays a significant role in primary and adjuvant treatment. Based on the position of the tumor in head and neck and extremely closeness of the tumor to vital organs as optic nerve, chiasm and brain, image guided-intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT) becomes very effective and reliable modalities and may be a favorable treatment alternative.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials（VEPs） in diabetic rats.· METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabet...AIM： To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials（VEPs） in diabetic rats.· METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（50 mg/kg）. Sodium tungstate [40 mg/（kg·d）]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance（TBARS） levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS： The latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group. Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs. However, prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group. The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.· CONCLUSION： Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats, and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.展开更多
Mast cell (MC) is so widely recognized as a critical effector in allergic disorders that it can be difficult to think of MC in any other context. Indeed, MCs are multifunctional and recently shown that MCs can also ac...Mast cell (MC) is so widely recognized as a critical effector in allergic disorders that it can be difficult to think of MC in any other context. Indeed, MCs are multifunctional and recently shown that MCs can also act as antigen presenters as well as effector elements of human immune system. First observations of their possible role as anti-tumor cells in peri- or intra-tumoral tissue were mentioned five decades ago and a high content of MCs is considered as a favorable prognosis,consistent with this study. Believers of this hypothesis assumed them to be inhibitors of tumor development through their pro-apoptotic and -necrolytic granules e.g.,granzymes and TNF-α. However, some still postulate them to be enhancers of tumor development through their effects on angiogenesis due to mostly tryptase.There are also some data suggesting increased MC density causes tumor development and indicates bad prognosis. Furthermore, since MC-associated mediators have shown to influence various aspects of tumor biology, the net effect of MCs on the development/progression of tumors has been difficult to evaluate. For instance, chymase induces apoptosis in targets; yet,tryptase, another MC protease, is a well-known mitogen.MCs with these various enzyme expression patterns may mediate different functions and the predominant MC type in tissues may be determined by the environmental needs. The coexistence of tryptase-expressing MCs(MCT) and chymase and tryptase-expressing MCs (MCTC)in physiological conditions reflects a naturally occurring balance that contributes to tissue homeostasis. We have recently discussed the role and relevance of MC serine proteases in different bone marrow diseases.展开更多
Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. Sheet metals are ex posed to some spring back or spring-forward depending on elastic deformation following bending process. S235...Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. Sheet metals are ex posed to some spring back or spring-forward depending on elastic deformation following bending process. S235JR （1. 003 8） materials having a thickness of 4 mm were bent with 90° punches having 5 different tip radiuses. The ben- ding process was carried out by making the punch waited on the material for 30 s （30 s wait bending） and by remo ving the punch without waiting （direct bending）. Specimens were prepared in three forms as non-heat-treated, nor- malized and tempered. At the same time, all experiments were performed at a deformation speed of 25 mm/min. As a result, it was determined that as punch tip radius increased, the amount of spring-forward decreased. Although normalizing process applied to specimens increased the amount of spring-forward, tempering process decreased it. The amount of spring-forward was decreased in 30 s wait bending process.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of the current study was to establish a normative data set for the morphometric parameters of the facial nevre(FN)and cochlear nevre(CN)according to age and sex in the adult population,using 3-dimensio...Purpose:The aim of the current study was to establish a normative data set for the morphometric parameters of the facial nevre(FN)and cochlear nevre(CN)according to age and sex in the adult population,using 3-dimensional constructive interference in steady state(3D-CISS)sequence on magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 157 ears of 102 adults with no hearing impairment,facial palsy or Meniere's disease.The vertical(VD)and horizontal(HD)diameters as well as cross-sectional areas(CSAs)of the FNs and CNs were measured on the parasagittal oblique image created using the axial 3D-CISS sections passing through the internal acoustic canal.We related the measurement results with side,sex and age.Results:The mean VD,HD and CSA of the FNs were 1.09±0.18 mm,0.84±0.17 mm,and 0.75±0.27mm^2,respectively,whereas those of the CNs were 1.34±0.17 mm,1±0.15mm and 1.06±0.3mm^2,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between the morphometric parameters of both the nerves according to side or sex(P>0.05).However,except for the CSA of the FNs among males,we found a statistically significant decrease in all the morphometric parameters of both the nerves with ageing(P<0.05).Conclusion:The normative morphometric data obtained in this study can be beneficial in clinical applications for sensorineural hearing loss,facial palsy and Meniere's disease.展开更多
Polycrystalline samples of pseudo-ternary intermetallic Nd3–xGdxCo11B4 （x=0,1,2,3） borides prepared by standard arc-melting were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRPD）,magnetization and differential sca...Polycrystalline samples of pseudo-ternary intermetallic Nd3–xGdxCo11B4 （x=0,1,2,3） borides prepared by standard arc-melting were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRPD）,magnetization and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the hexagonal Ce3Co11B4-type structure with P6/mmm space group for each composition. The substitution of Gd for Nd led to a decrease of the unit-cell parameters a and the unit-cell volume V,while the unit-cell parameter c increased linearly. Magnetic measurements indicated that all samples were ordered magnetically below the Curie temperature. The Curie temperatures increased as Nd was substituted by Gd. The saturation magnetization at 4 K decreased upon the Gd substitution up to x=1,and then increased.展开更多
Astrocytes perform many functions in the brain and spinal cord.Glucose metabolism is important for astroglial cells and astrocytes are the only cells with insulin receptors in the brain.The common antibiotic penicilli...Astrocytes perform many functions in the brain and spinal cord.Glucose metabolism is important for astroglial cells and astrocytes are the only cells with insulin receptors in the brain.The common antibiotic penicillin is also a chemical agent that causes degenerative effect on neuronal cell.The aim of this study is to show the effect of insulin and glucose at different concentrations on the astrocyte death induced by penicillin on primer astroglial cell line.It is well known that intracranial penicillin treatment causes neuronal cell death and it is used for experimental epilepsy model commonly.Previous studies showed that insulin and glucose might protect neuronal cell in case of proper concentrations.But,the present study is about the effect of insulin and glucose against astrocyte death induced by penicillin.For this purpose,newborn rat brain was extracted and then mechanically dissociated to astroglial cell suspension and finally grown in culture medium.Clutters were maintained for 2 weeks prior to being used in these experiments.Different concentrations of insulin（0,1,3 nM）and glucose（0,3,30 mM）were used in media without penicillin and with 2 500μM penicillin.Penicillin decreased the viability of astroglial cell seriously.The highest cell viability appeared in medium with 3 nM insulin and 3 mM glucose but without penicillin.However,in medium with penicillin,the best cell survival was in medium with 1 nM insulin but without glucose. We concluded that insulin and glucose show protective effects on the damage induced by penicillin to primer astroglial cell line.Interestingly,cell survival depends on concentrations of insulin and glucose strongly.The results of this study will help to explain cerebrovascular pathologies parallel to insulin and glucose conditions of patient after intracranial injuries.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A compl...AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed,including visual acuity,and dilated examination of the posterior segment.We used the auto refractometer for determining refractive errors.RESULTS: According to eye examination results,the prevalence of the refractive error was 21.5% and 31.3% in study and control groups respectively (P <0.05).The most common type of refraction error in the study group was myopic astigmatism (8.3%) while in the control group simple myopia (12.8%).Prevalence of dyschromatopsia in the rivers,control group and total group was 2.2%,2.8% and 2.6% respectively.CONCLUSION: A considerably high number of drivers are in lack of optimal visual acuity.Refraction errors in drivers may impair the traffic security.展开更多
Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,viruses,parasites living in the human intestine constitute the human intestinal microbiota.Dysbiosis refers to composi-tional and quantitative changes that negatively affect healt...Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,viruses,parasites living in the human intestine constitute the human intestinal microbiota.Dysbiosis refers to composi-tional and quantitative changes that negatively affect healthy gut microbiota.In recent years,with the demonstration that many diseases are associated with dysbiosis,treatment strategies targeting the correction of dysbiosis in the treat-ment of these diseases have begun to be investigated.Faecal microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)is the process of transferring faeces from a healthy donor to another recipient in order to restore the gut microbiota and provide a therapeutic benefit.FMT studies have gained popularity after probiotic,prebiotic,symbiotic studies in the treatment of dysbiosis and related diseases.FMT has emerged as a potential new therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases as it is associated with the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and immunological balance(T helper 1/T helper 2 cells)and thus suppression of allergic responses.In this article,the definition,application,safety and use of FMT in allergic diseases will be discussed with current data.展开更多
Cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum in children suggest a well-known group of benign lesions that are comparatively frequent.Thymic cysts(TCs)are mostly positioned in the anterior mediastinum and some patients ...Cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum in children suggest a well-known group of benign lesions that are comparatively frequent.Thymic cysts(TCs)are mostly positioned in the anterior mediastinum and some patients in the neck.Benign TCs classified as congenital intra-thoracic mesothelial cysts are commonly asymptomatic and have slight clinical significance.Multilocular TC,which can mimic another anterior mediastinal cystic tumor and is seen in adults,is more clinically important.It is a sporadic mediastinal lesion thought to arise in the course of acquired inflammation.Congenital mediastinal cysts represent 3%-6%of all mediastinal tumors and 10%-18%of radiologically reported mediastinal masses.Mediastinal TCs are uncommon and it is hard to know their true incidence.About 60%of cases with mediastinal TCs are asymptomatic,and the remainder of patients complains of nonspecific symptoms(e.g.,chest pain,dyspnea,or cough).The literature suggests that most cysts are benign,but an indefinite percentage may have a neoplastic process and result in significant compressive symptoms over time.Clinical symptoms of TCs vary depending on the location.In addition,frequent symptoms at the appearance of enlarged benign thymic and mediastinal cysts generally contain compressive symptoms(e.g.,respiratory distress,thymic pain,and symptoms related to Horner syndrome,hoarseness,dysphonia,dyspnea,orthopnea,wheezing,and fever).Many TCs have cystic density and a neat border and are simple to diagnose with radiological imaging.However,some TCs are hard to identify before surgery and may be misidentified as thymomas depending on their site and computed tomography results.Excision by thoracotomy,median sternotomy,or video-assisted techniques is essential for conclusive diagnosis,management,and abolition of relapse of anterior mediastinal masses and TCs.Histopathologic examination may be required after surgery.Considering the extent of the mass and the preliminary inability to make a definitive diagnosis,en bloc excision of the cyst was tho展开更多
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced in the body or obtained through dietary sources,primarily under the influence of UVB radiation.This essential nutrient has a vital role in numerous physiologic...Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced in the body or obtained through dietary sources,primarily under the influence of UVB radiation.This essential nutrient has a vital role in numerous physiological processes,encom-passing immune function,cell growth,differentiation,insulin regulation,and cardiovascular well-being,along with its pivotal role in sustaining the delicate equilibrium of calcium and phosphate concentrations in the body.Moreover,vitamin D reinforces mucosal defense and bolsters the immune system through immunomodulation,making it a critical component of overall health.Numerous studies have unveiled the profound connection between vitamin D and the predisposition to respiratory tract infections,including well-known viruses such as influenza and the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Vita-min D deficiency has been consistently linked to increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and a heightened risk of mortality among afflicted individuals.Retrospective observational studies have further substantiated these findings,indicating that levels of vitamin D are linked with both the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 cases.Vitamin D has its influence on viral infections th-rough a multitude of mechanisms,such as promoting the release of antimicrobial peptides and fine-tuning the responses of the immune system.Additionally,vitamin D is intertwined with the intricate network of the renin–angiotensin system,suggesting a potential impact on the development of complications related to COVID-19.While further clinical trials and extensive research are warranted,the existing body of evidence strongly hints at the possible use of vitamin D as a valuable tool in the prophylaxis and management of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.展开更多
Inborn errors of immunity(IEI)disorders,formerly primary immune deficiency diseases,are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable hereditary transitions,clinical manifestations,complications and varying disease...Inborn errors of immunity(IEI)disorders,formerly primary immune deficiency diseases,are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable hereditary transitions,clinical manifestations,complications and varying disease severity.Many of the clinical symptoms,signs and complications in IEI patients can be attributed to inflammatory and immune dysregulatory processes due to loss of microbial diversity(dysbiosis).For example,in common variable immunodeficiency patients,the diversity of bacteria,but not fungi,in the gut microbiota has been found to be reduced and significantly altered.Again,this was associated with a more severe disease phenotype.Compromise of the STAT3/Th17 pathway in hyper-IgE syndrome may lead to dysbiosis of the oral microbiota in these patients,causing Candida albicans to switch from commensal to pathogenic.Modification of the microbiota can be used as a therapeutic approach in patients with IEI.Prebiotics,probiotics,postbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can be used to restore the balance of the gut microbiota and reduce pathogenicity in IEI patients.Clinical trials are currently underway to understand the impact of this dysbiosis on the phenotype of IEI diseases and its role in their treatment.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In a short time, many illustrative studies have been conducted on the mathematical modeling and analysis of COVID-19. There are not enough studies taking into account...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In a short time, many illustrative studies have been conducted on the mathematical modeling and analysis of COVID-19. There are not enough studies taking into account the vaccine campaign among these studies. In this context, a mathematical model is developed to reveal the effects of vaccine treatment, which has been performed recently, on COVID-19 in this study. In the proposed model, as well as the vaccinated individuals, a five-dimensional compartment system including the susceptible, infected, exposed and recovered population is constructed. Moreover, besides the positivity, existence and uniqueness of the solution, biologically feasible region are provided. The basic reproduction number</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">known as expected secondary infection which means that expected infection among the susceptible populations caused by this infection is evaluated. In the numerical simulations, the parameter values taken from the literature and estimated are used to perform the solutions of the proposed model. Fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical scheme is applied to obtain the results.</span>展开更多
Scrotal trauma,though uncommon,can have severe consequences,and one such complication is testicular dislocation.This occurs when the testicle is displaced from its normal anatomical position within the scrotum due to ...Scrotal trauma,though uncommon,can have severe consequences,and one such complication is testicular dislocation.This occurs when the testicle is displaced from its normal anatomical position within the scrotum due to a traumatic event.Understanding the mechanisms,diagnosis,and management of testicular dislocation is paramount in providing optimal care for affected individuals[1].Traumatic incidents,such as sports injuries,motor vehicle accidents,or direct blows to the scrotum,can result in testicular trauma[2].The condition demands immediate medical attention to prevent further complications,including vascular compromise and testicular ischemia.Diagnosing testicular dislocation involves a thorough physical examination and often necessitates imaging studies,such as ultrasound,to precisely determine the extent of the displacement and assess potential vascular compromise.Once diagnosed,prompt intervention is crucial to reposition the dislocated testicle and restore blood flow.Treatment options may include manual reduction or surgical intervention,depending on the severity of the dislocation and associated injuries[3].Close monitoring in the post-treatment period is essential to identify and manage any complications promptly.展开更多
Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),...Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum systems.It has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode conversion.Here,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous works.We demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an LEP.We witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic cycles.Our observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.展开更多
Designing terahertz sensors for highly sensitive detection of nanoscale thin films and a few biomolecules poses a substantial challenge but is crucial for unlocking their full potential in scientific research and adva...Designing terahertz sensors for highly sensitive detection of nanoscale thin films and a few biomolecules poses a substantial challenge but is crucial for unlocking their full potential in scientific research and advanced applications.This work presents a strategy for optimizing metamaterial sensors in detecting small quantities of dielectric materi-als.The amount of frequency shift depends on intrinsic properties(electric field distribution,Q-factor,and mode volume)of the bare cavity as well as the overlap volume of its high-electric-field zone(s)and the analyte.Guided by the simplified dielectric perturbation theory,interdigitated electric split-ring resonators(ID-eSRRs)are devised to significantly enhance the detection sensitivity compared with eSRRs without interdigitated fingers.ID-eSRR’s fin-gers redistribute the electric field,creating strongly localized enhancements,which boost analyte interaction.The periodic change of the inherent antiphase electric field reduces radiation loss,leading to a higher Q-factor.Experiments with ID-eSRR sensors operating at around 300 GHz demonstrate a remarkable 33.5 GHz frequency shift upon depositing a 150 nm SiO_(2)layer as an analyte simulant,with a figure of merit improvement of over 50 times compared with structures without interdigitated fingers.This rational design offers a promising avenue for highly sensitive detection of thin films and trace biomolecules.展开更多
Quantum mechanics imposes limits on measurement accuracy through quantum noise which typically has two components:First is the shot noise originating from vacuum fluctuations and referred to as the imprecision noise.S...Quantum mechanics imposes limits on measurement accuracy through quantum noise which typically has two components:First is the shot noise originating from vacuum fluctuations and referred to as the imprecision noise.Second is the quantum backaction originating from the“action”of the measurement back on the object being measured.展开更多
基金Financial support from Turkey Council of Higher Education(YOK) Scholarship for Faruk's PhD Study in Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht HZG is also appreciated
文摘The influence of Ce addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy was investigated to improve its mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ce to AM50 alloy results in the grain refinement and the mechanical properties of the Ce-modified AM50 at room and elevated temperatures are remarkably improved.AM50 magnesium alloy containing 1% Ce（mass fraction） shows better refinement and mechanical properties compared with the AM50 magnesium alloy with 0.5% Ce and even AM50 alloy without any Ce.
文摘In this study,voltammetric and spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between Janus Green B（JGB） and bovine serum albumin（BSA） was reported.The interaction was observed at Britton-Robinson buffer（pH 7.0）.When JGB was added to solution containing BSA,the peak currents of BSA decrease with the increasing of JGB concentrations which is due to the interaction of JGB and BSA.The binding constant of JGB with BSA was obtained by voltammetric data.Also,this interaction was supported by means of UV-vis spectroscopic measurements.The UV-vis absorption spectra of JGB in the presence of BSA decrease with the increasing of BSA concentrations.
文摘AIM: To investigate ophthalmologic findings in children with thalassemia major(TM) and compare the findings with healthy controls. ·METHODS: In a cross-sectional study,43 children with thalassemia major from pediatric hematology outpatient clinics from two university hospitals and age/sex matched 47 healthy children were included in the study. After a complete ophthalmic examination,tear function tests including the Schirmer test,fluorescein tear breakup time(BUT),ultrasound pachymetry,and axial length measurement were performed. Obtained data was recorded for statistical analysis and the values of right eyes were compared between groups. ·RESULTS: The mean best corrected visual acuity was 1.34 ±0.75 in TM and 1.08 ±0.28 in controls. It was found lower than 0.1 logMAR unit in 10(23.2%) children with TM and 2(4.2%) in controls,and the difference was statistically significant(P 【0.05). The mean central corneal thickness was 540±26.95 in children with TM and 536.98± 20.45μm in controls(P 】0.05). The mean axial length was 22.53±0.50 in TM and 22.57±0.43mm in the control group. The mean Schirmer test score was 19.94±6.91 in TM and 24.22±3.95mm in the control group(P 【0.01). The mean BUT score was 9.62 ±1.28 in TM and 9.73 ±0.6s in the control group(P 】0.05). ·CONCLUSION: In TM,while corneal thickness,axial length,and BUT are close to controls,the Schirmer scores are less than normal. The study revealed that TM may be affected by the tear function and visual acuity.
文摘Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors which develop as a cartilaginous differentiation of primary mesenchymal cells and the second most frequently seen malignant tumor of the bone after osteosarcoma. These malignancies are slowly growing non-epithelial tumors with unknown etiology and most frequently seen during the 4 decades of life. They are frequently localized on pelvis, ribs and long bones. Nasal septum CSs are very rarely seen malignancies. They originate from septal mucosa or cartilage and it is difficult to make a diagnosis unless they reach a certain size. A few cases of CSs with nasal septum have been reported in the literature. In cases of CSs, surgery is the gold standard treatment modality;however in surgically unresectable cases or close to margins, radiotherapy plays a significant role in primary and adjuvant treatment. Based on the position of the tumor in head and neck and extremely closeness of the tumor to vital organs as optic nerve, chiasm and brain, image guided-intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT) becomes very effective and reliable modalities and may be a favorable treatment alternative.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Akdeniz University, Turkey
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials（VEPs） in diabetic rats.· METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（50 mg/kg）. Sodium tungstate [40 mg/（kg·d）]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance（TBARS） levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS： The latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group. Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs. However, prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group. The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.· CONCLUSION： Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats, and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.
文摘Mast cell (MC) is so widely recognized as a critical effector in allergic disorders that it can be difficult to think of MC in any other context. Indeed, MCs are multifunctional and recently shown that MCs can also act as antigen presenters as well as effector elements of human immune system. First observations of their possible role as anti-tumor cells in peri- or intra-tumoral tissue were mentioned five decades ago and a high content of MCs is considered as a favorable prognosis,consistent with this study. Believers of this hypothesis assumed them to be inhibitors of tumor development through their pro-apoptotic and -necrolytic granules e.g.,granzymes and TNF-α. However, some still postulate them to be enhancers of tumor development through their effects on angiogenesis due to mostly tryptase.There are also some data suggesting increased MC density causes tumor development and indicates bad prognosis. Furthermore, since MC-associated mediators have shown to influence various aspects of tumor biology, the net effect of MCs on the development/progression of tumors has been difficult to evaluate. For instance, chymase induces apoptosis in targets; yet,tryptase, another MC protease, is a well-known mitogen.MCs with these various enzyme expression patterns may mediate different functions and the predominant MC type in tissues may be determined by the environmental needs. The coexistence of tryptase-expressing MCs(MCT) and chymase and tryptase-expressing MCs (MCTC)in physiological conditions reflects a naturally occurring balance that contributes to tissue homeostasis. We have recently discussed the role and relevance of MC serine proteases in different bone marrow diseases.
文摘Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. Sheet metals are ex posed to some spring back or spring-forward depending on elastic deformation following bending process. S235JR （1. 003 8） materials having a thickness of 4 mm were bent with 90° punches having 5 different tip radiuses. The ben- ding process was carried out by making the punch waited on the material for 30 s （30 s wait bending） and by remo ving the punch without waiting （direct bending）. Specimens were prepared in three forms as non-heat-treated, nor- malized and tempered. At the same time, all experiments were performed at a deformation speed of 25 mm/min. As a result, it was determined that as punch tip radius increased, the amount of spring-forward decreased. Although normalizing process applied to specimens increased the amount of spring-forward, tempering process decreased it. The amount of spring-forward was decreased in 30 s wait bending process.
文摘Purpose:The aim of the current study was to establish a normative data set for the morphometric parameters of the facial nevre(FN)and cochlear nevre(CN)according to age and sex in the adult population,using 3-dimensional constructive interference in steady state(3D-CISS)sequence on magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 157 ears of 102 adults with no hearing impairment,facial palsy or Meniere's disease.The vertical(VD)and horizontal(HD)diameters as well as cross-sectional areas(CSAs)of the FNs and CNs were measured on the parasagittal oblique image created using the axial 3D-CISS sections passing through the internal acoustic canal.We related the measurement results with side,sex and age.Results:The mean VD,HD and CSA of the FNs were 1.09±0.18 mm,0.84±0.17 mm,and 0.75±0.27mm^2,respectively,whereas those of the CNs were 1.34±0.17 mm,1±0.15mm and 1.06±0.3mm^2,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between the morphometric parameters of both the nerves according to side or sex(P>0.05).However,except for the CSA of the FNs among males,we found a statistically significant decrease in all the morphometric parameters of both the nerves with ageing(P<0.05).Conclusion:The normative morphometric data obtained in this study can be beneficial in clinical applications for sensorineural hearing loss,facial palsy and Meniere's disease.
文摘Polycrystalline samples of pseudo-ternary intermetallic Nd3–xGdxCo11B4 （x=0,1,2,3） borides prepared by standard arc-melting were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRPD）,magnetization and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the hexagonal Ce3Co11B4-type structure with P6/mmm space group for each composition. The substitution of Gd for Nd led to a decrease of the unit-cell parameters a and the unit-cell volume V,while the unit-cell parameter c increased linearly. Magnetic measurements indicated that all samples were ordered magnetically below the Curie temperature. The Curie temperatures increased as Nd was substituted by Gd. The saturation magnetization at 4 K decreased upon the Gd substitution up to x=1,and then increased.
文摘Astrocytes perform many functions in the brain and spinal cord.Glucose metabolism is important for astroglial cells and astrocytes are the only cells with insulin receptors in the brain.The common antibiotic penicillin is also a chemical agent that causes degenerative effect on neuronal cell.The aim of this study is to show the effect of insulin and glucose at different concentrations on the astrocyte death induced by penicillin on primer astroglial cell line.It is well known that intracranial penicillin treatment causes neuronal cell death and it is used for experimental epilepsy model commonly.Previous studies showed that insulin and glucose might protect neuronal cell in case of proper concentrations.But,the present study is about the effect of insulin and glucose against astrocyte death induced by penicillin.For this purpose,newborn rat brain was extracted and then mechanically dissociated to astroglial cell suspension and finally grown in culture medium.Clutters were maintained for 2 weeks prior to being used in these experiments.Different concentrations of insulin（0,1,3 nM）and glucose（0,3,30 mM）were used in media without penicillin and with 2 500μM penicillin.Penicillin decreased the viability of astroglial cell seriously.The highest cell viability appeared in medium with 3 nM insulin and 3 mM glucose but without penicillin.However,in medium with penicillin,the best cell survival was in medium with 1 nM insulin but without glucose. We concluded that insulin and glucose show protective effects on the damage induced by penicillin to primer astroglial cell line.Interestingly,cell survival depends on concentrations of insulin and glucose strongly.The results of this study will help to explain cerebrovascular pathologies parallel to insulin and glucose conditions of patient after intracranial injuries.
文摘AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed,including visual acuity,and dilated examination of the posterior segment.We used the auto refractometer for determining refractive errors.RESULTS: According to eye examination results,the prevalence of the refractive error was 21.5% and 31.3% in study and control groups respectively (P <0.05).The most common type of refraction error in the study group was myopic astigmatism (8.3%) while in the control group simple myopia (12.8%).Prevalence of dyschromatopsia in the rivers,control group and total group was 2.2%,2.8% and 2.6% respectively.CONCLUSION: A considerably high number of drivers are in lack of optimal visual acuity.Refraction errors in drivers may impair the traffic security.
文摘Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,viruses,parasites living in the human intestine constitute the human intestinal microbiota.Dysbiosis refers to composi-tional and quantitative changes that negatively affect healthy gut microbiota.In recent years,with the demonstration that many diseases are associated with dysbiosis,treatment strategies targeting the correction of dysbiosis in the treat-ment of these diseases have begun to be investigated.Faecal microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)is the process of transferring faeces from a healthy donor to another recipient in order to restore the gut microbiota and provide a therapeutic benefit.FMT studies have gained popularity after probiotic,prebiotic,symbiotic studies in the treatment of dysbiosis and related diseases.FMT has emerged as a potential new therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases as it is associated with the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and immunological balance(T helper 1/T helper 2 cells)and thus suppression of allergic responses.In this article,the definition,application,safety and use of FMT in allergic diseases will be discussed with current data.
文摘Cystic lesions of the anterior mediastinum in children suggest a well-known group of benign lesions that are comparatively frequent.Thymic cysts(TCs)are mostly positioned in the anterior mediastinum and some patients in the neck.Benign TCs classified as congenital intra-thoracic mesothelial cysts are commonly asymptomatic and have slight clinical significance.Multilocular TC,which can mimic another anterior mediastinal cystic tumor and is seen in adults,is more clinically important.It is a sporadic mediastinal lesion thought to arise in the course of acquired inflammation.Congenital mediastinal cysts represent 3%-6%of all mediastinal tumors and 10%-18%of radiologically reported mediastinal masses.Mediastinal TCs are uncommon and it is hard to know their true incidence.About 60%of cases with mediastinal TCs are asymptomatic,and the remainder of patients complains of nonspecific symptoms(e.g.,chest pain,dyspnea,or cough).The literature suggests that most cysts are benign,but an indefinite percentage may have a neoplastic process and result in significant compressive symptoms over time.Clinical symptoms of TCs vary depending on the location.In addition,frequent symptoms at the appearance of enlarged benign thymic and mediastinal cysts generally contain compressive symptoms(e.g.,respiratory distress,thymic pain,and symptoms related to Horner syndrome,hoarseness,dysphonia,dyspnea,orthopnea,wheezing,and fever).Many TCs have cystic density and a neat border and are simple to diagnose with radiological imaging.However,some TCs are hard to identify before surgery and may be misidentified as thymomas depending on their site and computed tomography results.Excision by thoracotomy,median sternotomy,or video-assisted techniques is essential for conclusive diagnosis,management,and abolition of relapse of anterior mediastinal masses and TCs.Histopathologic examination may be required after surgery.Considering the extent of the mass and the preliminary inability to make a definitive diagnosis,en bloc excision of the cyst was tho
文摘Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced in the body or obtained through dietary sources,primarily under the influence of UVB radiation.This essential nutrient has a vital role in numerous physiological processes,encom-passing immune function,cell growth,differentiation,insulin regulation,and cardiovascular well-being,along with its pivotal role in sustaining the delicate equilibrium of calcium and phosphate concentrations in the body.Moreover,vitamin D reinforces mucosal defense and bolsters the immune system through immunomodulation,making it a critical component of overall health.Numerous studies have unveiled the profound connection between vitamin D and the predisposition to respiratory tract infections,including well-known viruses such as influenza and the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Vita-min D deficiency has been consistently linked to increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and a heightened risk of mortality among afflicted individuals.Retrospective observational studies have further substantiated these findings,indicating that levels of vitamin D are linked with both the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 cases.Vitamin D has its influence on viral infections th-rough a multitude of mechanisms,such as promoting the release of antimicrobial peptides and fine-tuning the responses of the immune system.Additionally,vitamin D is intertwined with the intricate network of the renin–angiotensin system,suggesting a potential impact on the development of complications related to COVID-19.While further clinical trials and extensive research are warranted,the existing body of evidence strongly hints at the possible use of vitamin D as a valuable tool in the prophylaxis and management of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.
文摘Inborn errors of immunity(IEI)disorders,formerly primary immune deficiency diseases,are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable hereditary transitions,clinical manifestations,complications and varying disease severity.Many of the clinical symptoms,signs and complications in IEI patients can be attributed to inflammatory and immune dysregulatory processes due to loss of microbial diversity(dysbiosis).For example,in common variable immunodeficiency patients,the diversity of bacteria,but not fungi,in the gut microbiota has been found to be reduced and significantly altered.Again,this was associated with a more severe disease phenotype.Compromise of the STAT3/Th17 pathway in hyper-IgE syndrome may lead to dysbiosis of the oral microbiota in these patients,causing Candida albicans to switch from commensal to pathogenic.Modification of the microbiota can be used as a therapeutic approach in patients with IEI.Prebiotics,probiotics,postbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can be used to restore the balance of the gut microbiota and reduce pathogenicity in IEI patients.Clinical trials are currently underway to understand the impact of this dysbiosis on the phenotype of IEI diseases and its role in their treatment.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In a short time, many illustrative studies have been conducted on the mathematical modeling and analysis of COVID-19. There are not enough studies taking into account the vaccine campaign among these studies. In this context, a mathematical model is developed to reveal the effects of vaccine treatment, which has been performed recently, on COVID-19 in this study. In the proposed model, as well as the vaccinated individuals, a five-dimensional compartment system including the susceptible, infected, exposed and recovered population is constructed. Moreover, besides the positivity, existence and uniqueness of the solution, biologically feasible region are provided. The basic reproduction number</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">known as expected secondary infection which means that expected infection among the susceptible populations caused by this infection is evaluated. In the numerical simulations, the parameter values taken from the literature and estimated are used to perform the solutions of the proposed model. Fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical scheme is applied to obtain the results.</span>
文摘Scrotal trauma,though uncommon,can have severe consequences,and one such complication is testicular dislocation.This occurs when the testicle is displaced from its normal anatomical position within the scrotum due to a traumatic event.Understanding the mechanisms,diagnosis,and management of testicular dislocation is paramount in providing optimal care for affected individuals[1].Traumatic incidents,such as sports injuries,motor vehicle accidents,or direct blows to the scrotum,can result in testicular trauma[2].The condition demands immediate medical attention to prevent further complications,including vascular compromise and testicular ischemia.Diagnosing testicular dislocation involves a thorough physical examination and often necessitates imaging studies,such as ultrasound,to precisely determine the extent of the displacement and assess potential vascular compromise.Once diagnosed,prompt intervention is crucial to reposition the dislocated testicle and restore blood flow.Treatment options may include manual reduction or surgical intervention,depending on the severity of the dislocation and associated injuries[3].Close monitoring in the post-treatment period is essential to identify and manage any complications promptly.
基金the Special Project for Research and Development in Key Areas of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2020B0303300001Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative under Grant No.GDZX2305004+9 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U21A20434,92265107,12074390,11835011Key Lab of Guangzhou for Quantum Precision Measurement under Grant No.202201000010Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2022MT10881Nansha Senior Leading Talent Team Technology Project under Grant No.2021CXTD02Ş.K.O.acknowledges the support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative(MURI)Award No.FA9550-21-1-0202the AFOSR Award No.FA9550-18-1-0235H.J.is supported by the NSFC(11935006)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020RC4047)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFE0102400)Hunan provincial major sci-tech program(2023ZJ1010).
文摘Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum systems.It has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode conversion.Here,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous works.We demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an LEP.We witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic cycles.Our observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.
文摘Designing terahertz sensors for highly sensitive detection of nanoscale thin films and a few biomolecules poses a substantial challenge but is crucial for unlocking their full potential in scientific research and advanced applications.This work presents a strategy for optimizing metamaterial sensors in detecting small quantities of dielectric materi-als.The amount of frequency shift depends on intrinsic properties(electric field distribution,Q-factor,and mode volume)of the bare cavity as well as the overlap volume of its high-electric-field zone(s)and the analyte.Guided by the simplified dielectric perturbation theory,interdigitated electric split-ring resonators(ID-eSRRs)are devised to significantly enhance the detection sensitivity compared with eSRRs without interdigitated fingers.ID-eSRR’s fin-gers redistribute the electric field,creating strongly localized enhancements,which boost analyte interaction.The periodic change of the inherent antiphase electric field reduces radiation loss,leading to a higher Q-factor.Experiments with ID-eSRR sensors operating at around 300 GHz demonstrate a remarkable 33.5 GHz frequency shift upon depositing a 150 nm SiO_(2)layer as an analyte simulant,with a figure of merit improvement of over 50 times compared with structures without interdigitated fingers.This rational design offers a promising avenue for highly sensitive detection of thin films and trace biomolecules.
文摘Quantum mechanics imposes limits on measurement accuracy through quantum noise which typically has two components:First is the shot noise originating from vacuum fluctuations and referred to as the imprecision noise.Second is the quantum backaction originating from the“action”of the measurement back on the object being measured.
