More than five decades after it was originally conceptualized as rescue therapy for patients with intractable variceal bleeding,the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)procedure continues to remain a fo...More than five decades after it was originally conceptualized as rescue therapy for patients with intractable variceal bleeding,the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)procedure continues to remain a focus of intense clinical and biomedical research.By the impressive reduction in portal pressure achieved by this intervention,coupled with its minimally invasive nature,TIPS has gained increasing acceptance in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension.The early years of TIPS were plagued by poor long-term patency of the stents and increased incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.Moreover,the diversion of portal flow after placement of TIPS often resulted in derangement of hepatic functions,which was occasionally severe.While the incidence of shunt dysfunction has markedly reduced with the advent of covered stents,hepatic encephalopathy and instances of early liver failure continue to remain a significant issue after TIPS.It has emerged over the years that careful selection of patients and diligent post-procedural care is of paramount importance to optimize the outcome after TIPS.The past twenty years have seen multiple studies redefining the role of TIPS in the management of variceal bleeding and refractory ascites while exploring its application in other complications of cirrhosis like hepatic hydrothorax,portal hypertensive gastropathy,ectopic varices,hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndromes,non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis and chylous ascites.It has also been utilized to good effect before extrahepatic abdominal surgery to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.The current article aims to review the updated literature on the status of TIPS in the management of patients with liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Micro-light-emitting diodes(μ-LEDs)are regarded as the cornerstone of next-generation display technology to meet the personalised demands of advanced applications,such as mobile phones,wearable watches,virtual/augmen...Micro-light-emitting diodes(μ-LEDs)are regarded as the cornerstone of next-generation display technology to meet the personalised demands of advanced applications,such as mobile phones,wearable watches,virtual/augmented reality,micro-projectors and ultrahigh-definition TVs.However,as the LED chip size shrinks to below 20μm,conventional phosphor colour conversion cannot present sufficient luminance and yield to support highresolution displays due to the low absorption cross-section.The emergence of quantum dot(QD)materials is expected to fill this gap due to their remarkable photoluminescence,narrow bandwidth emission,colour tuneability,high quantum yield and nanoscale size,providing a powerful full-colour solution for μ-LED displays.Here,we comprehensively review the latest progress concerning the implementation of μ-LEDs and QDs in display technology,including μ-LED design and fabrication,large-scale μ-LED transfer and QD full-colour strategy.Outlooks on QD stability,patterning and deposition and challenges of μ-LED displays are also provided.Finally,we discuss the advanced applications of QD-based μ-LED displays,showing the bright future of this technology.展开更多
近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的...近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的发展将成为生命科学的第三次革命,并发表了一份白皮书,提出生命科学、物理学、工程学的融合将会改变我们的世界。展开更多
文摘More than five decades after it was originally conceptualized as rescue therapy for patients with intractable variceal bleeding,the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)procedure continues to remain a focus of intense clinical and biomedical research.By the impressive reduction in portal pressure achieved by this intervention,coupled with its minimally invasive nature,TIPS has gained increasing acceptance in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension.The early years of TIPS were plagued by poor long-term patency of the stents and increased incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.Moreover,the diversion of portal flow after placement of TIPS often resulted in derangement of hepatic functions,which was occasionally severe.While the incidence of shunt dysfunction has markedly reduced with the advent of covered stents,hepatic encephalopathy and instances of early liver failure continue to remain a significant issue after TIPS.It has emerged over the years that careful selection of patients and diligent post-procedural care is of paramount importance to optimize the outcome after TIPS.The past twenty years have seen multiple studies redefining the role of TIPS in the management of variceal bleeding and refractory ascites while exploring its application in other complications of cirrhosis like hepatic hydrothorax,portal hypertensive gastropathy,ectopic varices,hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndromes,non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis and chylous ascites.It has also been utilized to good effect before extrahepatic abdominal surgery to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.The current article aims to review the updated literature on the status of TIPS in the management of patients with liver cirrhosis.
基金the financial support of Shenzhen Peacock Team funding(KQTD20170810110313773)financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)(DP190103316)+1 种基金financial support from the Taiwan science and technology authority,China(107-2221-E-009-113-MY3)financial support from the startup funding of City University of Hong Kong.
文摘Micro-light-emitting diodes(μ-LEDs)are regarded as the cornerstone of next-generation display technology to meet the personalised demands of advanced applications,such as mobile phones,wearable watches,virtual/augmented reality,micro-projectors and ultrahigh-definition TVs.However,as the LED chip size shrinks to below 20μm,conventional phosphor colour conversion cannot present sufficient luminance and yield to support highresolution displays due to the low absorption cross-section.The emergence of quantum dot(QD)materials is expected to fill this gap due to their remarkable photoluminescence,narrow bandwidth emission,colour tuneability,high quantum yield and nanoscale size,providing a powerful full-colour solution for μ-LED displays.Here,we comprehensively review the latest progress concerning the implementation of μ-LEDs and QDs in display technology,including μ-LED design and fabrication,large-scale μ-LED transfer and QD full-colour strategy.Outlooks on QD stability,patterning and deposition and challenges of μ-LED displays are also provided.Finally,we discuss the advanced applications of QD-based μ-LED displays,showing the bright future of this technology.
基金中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目"黄土高原水土保持的区域环境效应"(KZCX3-SW-421)中澳合作项目ACIAR PROJECT"Regional impacts of re-vegetation on water resources of the Loess Plateau+1 种基金China and Middle and Upper Murrumbidgee CatchmentAustralia"(LWR1/2002/018)
文摘近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的发展将成为生命科学的第三次革命,并发表了一份白皮书,提出生命科学、物理学、工程学的融合将会改变我们的世界。
