BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are important as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or satellites.In the s...BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are important as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or satellites.In the surveillance of very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in maximum diameter,Barcelona clinical stage 0),we demonstrated that the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and PIVKA-Ⅱare not so useful.Therefore,we must survey with imaging modalities.The superiority of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)over ultrasound(US)to detect HCC was confirmed in many studies.Although enhanced MRI is now performed to accurately diagnose HCC,in conventional clinical practice for HCC surveillance in liver diseases,unenhanced MRI is widely performed throughout the world.While,MRI has made marked improvements in recent years.AIM To make a comparison of unenhanced MRI and US in detecting very small HCC that was examined in the last ten years in patients in whom MRI and US examinations were performed nearly simultaneously.METHODS In 394 patients with very small HCC nodules,those who underwent MRI and US at nearly the same time(on the same day whenever possible or at least within 14 days of one another)at the first diagnosis of HCC were selected.The detection rate of HCC with unenhanced MRI was investigated and compared with that of unenhanced US.RESULTS The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was 95.1%(97/102,95%confidence interval:90.9-99.3)and that of unenhanced US was 69.6%(71/102,95%confidence interval:60.7-78.5).The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was significantly higher than that of unenhanced US(P<0.001).Regarding the location of HCC in the liver in patients in whom detection by US was unsuccessful,S7-8 was identified in 51.7%.CONCLUSION Currently,unenhanced MRI is a very useful tool for the surveillance of very small HCC in conventional clinical follow-up practice.展开更多
Recently, there is a widespread use of Web browser-based Web applications such as e-mails and chats. However, frequent communication between mobile wireless terminals and HTTP servers give rise to problematic increase...Recently, there is a widespread use of Web browser-based Web applications such as e-mails and chats. However, frequent communication between mobile wireless terminals and HTTP servers give rise to problematic increases of average power consumption for the mobile devices. Current attempts to tackle this problem focus on reducing power consumption at the network and data link layers used by the devices. In this study, we propose a different solution where certain functionalities of the mobile application are delegated to other devices with abundant power resources (either from large capacity batteries or power outlets). This method off-loads parts of the communication process normally done at wireless terminals to amply powered machines. With messages pushed from the machines only when the HTTP server responds with an update, the wireless terminal needs to transmit data less frequently, thus cutting down on power consumption. Our prototype implementing the proposed method succeeded in reducing the rise in average power consumption.展开更多
In humans Homo sapiens,eyeblinks play an important role in communication.Blinks are synchronized between 2 individuals during conversation,with shared breaks between contexts,suggesting that blink synchronization can ...In humans Homo sapiens,eyeblinks play an important role in communication.Blinks are synchronized between 2 individuals during conversation,with shared breaks between contexts,suggesting that blink synchronization can facilitate the sharing of a rhythm during communication between 2 individuals.展开更多
The mass spectrometry of gold clusters stabilized by poly（N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone） （Au：PVP） re‐vealed the presence of Cl adsorbates derived from synthetic precursors, mainly on the Au34 and Au43 clusters. Chang...The mass spectrometry of gold clusters stabilized by poly（N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone） （Au：PVP） re‐vealed the presence of Cl adsorbates derived from synthetic precursors, mainly on the Au34 and Au43 clusters. Changes in the amount of Cl adsorbates on the Au clusters did not affect the catalytic prop‐erties for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, suggesting that the Cl atoms were only weakly bound to the Au clusters. In contrast, the replacement of Cl with Br on the Au34 and Au43 clusters significantly suppressed activity, without any influence on the electronic structure. This result indi‐cated that the Br atoms were strongly bound to the Au clusters and sterically blocked their active sites. The substantial reduction of the catalytic activity by the Br adsorbates suggested that the Au34 and Au43 clusters made a major contribution to the catalytic activity of the Au：PVP.展开更多
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital Institutional Review Board(Approval No.21-02-01).
文摘BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are important as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or satellites.In the surveillance of very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in maximum diameter,Barcelona clinical stage 0),we demonstrated that the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and PIVKA-Ⅱare not so useful.Therefore,we must survey with imaging modalities.The superiority of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)over ultrasound(US)to detect HCC was confirmed in many studies.Although enhanced MRI is now performed to accurately diagnose HCC,in conventional clinical practice for HCC surveillance in liver diseases,unenhanced MRI is widely performed throughout the world.While,MRI has made marked improvements in recent years.AIM To make a comparison of unenhanced MRI and US in detecting very small HCC that was examined in the last ten years in patients in whom MRI and US examinations were performed nearly simultaneously.METHODS In 394 patients with very small HCC nodules,those who underwent MRI and US at nearly the same time(on the same day whenever possible or at least within 14 days of one another)at the first diagnosis of HCC were selected.The detection rate of HCC with unenhanced MRI was investigated and compared with that of unenhanced US.RESULTS The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was 95.1%(97/102,95%confidence interval:90.9-99.3)and that of unenhanced US was 69.6%(71/102,95%confidence interval:60.7-78.5).The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was significantly higher than that of unenhanced US(P<0.001).Regarding the location of HCC in the liver in patients in whom detection by US was unsuccessful,S7-8 was identified in 51.7%.CONCLUSION Currently,unenhanced MRI is a very useful tool for the surveillance of very small HCC in conventional clinical follow-up practice.
文摘Recently, there is a widespread use of Web browser-based Web applications such as e-mails and chats. However, frequent communication between mobile wireless terminals and HTTP servers give rise to problematic increases of average power consumption for the mobile devices. Current attempts to tackle this problem focus on reducing power consumption at the network and data link layers used by the devices. In this study, we propose a different solution where certain functionalities of the mobile application are delegated to other devices with abundant power resources (either from large capacity batteries or power outlets). This method off-loads parts of the communication process normally done at wireless terminals to amply powered machines. With messages pushed from the machines only when the HTTP server responds with an update, the wireless terminal needs to transmit data less frequently, thus cutting down on power consumption. Our prototype implementing the proposed method succeeded in reducing the rise in average power consumption.
基金This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(#20J14760 to H.K.#18H02489,#19K22823,#21H03333 to M.N.,and#19H00972 to T.K.).
文摘In humans Homo sapiens,eyeblinks play an important role in communication.Blinks are synchronized between 2 individuals during conversation,with shared breaks between contexts,suggesting that blink synchronization can facilitate the sharing of a rhythm during communication between 2 individuals.
基金supported by the Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB)a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (26248003, 15H01042) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan
文摘The mass spectrometry of gold clusters stabilized by poly（N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone） （Au：PVP） re‐vealed the presence of Cl adsorbates derived from synthetic precursors, mainly on the Au34 and Au43 clusters. Changes in the amount of Cl adsorbates on the Au clusters did not affect the catalytic prop‐erties for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, suggesting that the Cl atoms were only weakly bound to the Au clusters. In contrast, the replacement of Cl with Br on the Au34 and Au43 clusters significantly suppressed activity, without any influence on the electronic structure. This result indi‐cated that the Br atoms were strongly bound to the Au clusters and sterically blocked their active sites. The substantial reduction of the catalytic activity by the Br adsorbates suggested that the Au34 and Au43 clusters made a major contribution to the catalytic activity of the Au：PVP.
