AIM:To clarify the utility of using des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP)andα-fetoprotein(AFP)levels to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and the hepatitis C virus...AIM:To clarify the utility of using des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP)andα-fetoprotein(AFP)levels to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and the hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections.METHODS:A total of 205 patients with HCC(105patients with HBV infection 100 patients with HCV infection)who underwent primary hepatectomy between January 2004 and May 2012 were enrolled retrospectively.Preoperative AFP and DCP levels were used to create interactive dot diagrams to predict recurrence within 2 years after hepatectomy,and cutoff levels were calculated.Patients in the HBV and HCV groups were classified into three groups:a group with low AFP and DCP levels(LL group),a group in which one of the two parameters was high and the other was low(HL group),and a group with high AFP and DCP levels(HH group).Liver function parameters,the postoperative recurrence-free survival rate,and postoperative overall survival were compared between groups.The survival curves were compared by logrank test using the Kaplan-Meier method.Multivariate analysis using a Cox forward stepwise logistic regression model was conducted for a prognosis.RESULTS:The preoperative AFP cutoff levels for recurrence within 2 years after hepatectomy in the HBV and HCV groups were 529.8 ng/m L and 60 m AU/m L,respectively;for preoperative DCP levels,the cutoff levels were 21.0 ng/m L in the HBV group and 67 m AU/m L in the HCV group.The HBV group was significantly different from the other groups in terms of vascular invasion,major hepatectomy,volume of intraoperative blood loss,and surgical duration.Significant differences were found between the LL group,the HL group,and the HH group in terms of both mean disease-free survival time(MDFST)and mean overall survival time(MOST):64.81±7.47 vs 36.63±7.62 vs 18.98±6.17mo(P=0.001)and 85.30±6.55 vs 59.44±7.87 vs46.57±11.20 mo(P=0.018).In contrast,the HCV group exhibited a significant difference in tumor size,vascular invasion,volume of intraoperative blood loss,and surg展开更多
The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to...The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to thermal conditions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the outdoor tropical urban thermal environment on a subject who has been acclimatized to the environment studied using the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe. In addition, the tendency of human impacts was clarified through comparison to subjects from a temperate thermal environment region. As a result, it was found that an ETFe of up to 35°C could be recognized as a temperate thermal environment. However, when the ETFe was greater than 40°C, the subject could not tolerate the environment. There was not a significant difference of psychological reaction between Thai people, who were acclimatized to the tropical climate, and Japanese people, who were acclimatized to the temperate climate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma(D-FL)has been recognized as a rare entity that accounts for approximately 4%of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.D-FL follows an indolent clinical course compared with com...BACKGROUND Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma(D-FL)has been recognized as a rare entity that accounts for approximately 4%of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.D-FL follows an indolent clinical course compared with common nodal FL and is generally considered to have a better prognosis.Therefore,the“watch and wait”approach is frequently adopted as the treatment method.Alternatively,there is an option to actively intervene in D-FL.However,the long-term outcomes of such cases are poorly understood.AIM To clarify the clinical outcomes after long-term follow-up in cases of D-FL with treatment intervention.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who met the following criteria:the lesion was confirmed by endoscopy,the diagnosis of D-FL was confirmed histopathologically,and the patient was followed-up for more than 10 years after the intervention at our center.RESULTS We identified 5 cases of D-FL.Two patients showed a small amount of bone marrow involvement(Stage IV).Rituximab was used as a treatment for remission in all 5 patients.It was also used in combination with chemotherapy in 2 Stage IV patients as well as for maintenance treatment.Radiation therapy was performed in 2 cases,which was followed by complete remission(CR).Eventually,all 5 patients achieved CR and survived for more than 10 years.However,3 patients experienced recurrence.One patient achieved a second CR by retreatment,and in another case,the lesion showed spontaneous disappearance.The remaining patient had systemic widespread recurrence 13 years after the first CR.Biopsy results suggested that the FL lesions were transformed into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The patient died 4 years later despite receiving various chemotherapies.CONCLUSION In this study,the treatment for patients of D-FL in Stage IV was successful.In the future,criteria for how to treat“advanced”D-FL should be established based on additional cases.This study of patients with D-FL indicates that whole-body follow-up examinations should continue for a long time due to a fat展开更多
In cosmetic surgery, golden threads have been used in thread lift procedures, wherein golden threads are placed under the skin of the neck and chin. These are mainly applied in the maxillofacial region adjacent to the...In cosmetic surgery, golden threads have been used in thread lift procedures, wherein golden threads are placed under the skin of the neck and chin. These are mainly applied in the maxillofacial region adjacent to the sites of dental treatment to achieve cosmetic benefits. However, as dentists typically lack sufficient knowledge about the golden thread lift procedure, it may present a challenge to dental examinations and treatments. It is therefore crucial for dentists to have a comprehensive understanding of the procedure. This case report covers our experience with the dental examination of a patient with golden threads. We emphasize the dental complications and precautions that should be taken for such cases. These golden threads are made of pure gold, nonabsorbable, and can be broken. These can obstruct dental examination, as well as cause metal allergies and foreign body granulomas. Additionally, it is difficult to completely remove these threads when they break apart. In the future, since more patients are expected to undergo this procedure, it is possible to encounter these golden threads as artifacts on imaging. Therefore, it is important to educate dentists about the golden thread lift procedure and its dental implications. It is also imperative to determine whether the patient has undergone the golden thread lift procedure in the medical questionnaire prior to the magnetic resonance imaging examination. Thus, dentists should be able to conduct a detailed interview with the patient, determine the feasibility of examination or treatment, and communicate this assessment to the patient.展开更多
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,i...This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease,rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity.Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based‘fillings’that preserve the dental pulp;research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry,with high failure rates,to smart restorations targeted at biological processes.Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process.Therefore,exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex.This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase(HDAC)enzymes in dental-pulp-cells(DPCs)that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability.Consequently,HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects,providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed,inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material.Despite positive results,clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles,dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships.The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp,while considering the next steps,material considerations,challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other‘smart’restorations in VPT.展开更多
Insulin is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with diabetes,and cutaneous lipohypertrophy(LH)and localized insulin-derived amyloidosis(LIDA)are well-known adverse effects associated with insulin injections.The cl...Insulin is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with diabetes,and cutaneous lipohypertrophy(LH)and localized insulin-derived amyloidosis(LIDA)are well-known adverse effects associated with insulin injections.The clinical implications,management,assessment methods,and pathological differentiation of LH and LIDA have been recently updated.This review was to update our knowledge of the pathological differentiation,effects of insulin absorption,hypoglycemic events,and recent assessment methods for LH and LIDA.A scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Original studies and case reports in English were also included.PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for keywords to identify papers published up to January 2022.A total of 113 studies were identified through a database search,and 31 were eligible for inclusion in this scoping review.In the 31 studies included in this review,patients with type 2 diabetes had high frequencies of LH and LIDA.LH outcome parameters were assessed using pathological findings and imaging.LIDA is mainly determined by pathological methods,such as hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red staining.Several in vitro and in vivo LIDA models of LIDA have been developed.These results suggest that pathological analysis is required to identify LH and LIDA.It is important to consider LIDA,as it likely influences insulin adsorption and glycemic control.Although several studies have evaluated the LIDA process,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of adverse effects associated with insulin injections.展开更多
The dental pulp has irreplaceable roles in maintaining healthy teeth and its regeneration is a primary aim of regenerative endodontics.This study aimed to replicate the characteristics of dental pulp tissue by using c...The dental pulp has irreplaceable roles in maintaining healthy teeth and its regeneration is a primary aim of regenerative endodontics.This study aimed to replicate the characteristics of dental pulp tissue by using cranial neural crest(CNC)-like cells(CNCLCs);these cells were generated by modifying several steps of a previously established method for deriving NC-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).CNC is the anterior region of the neural crest in vertebrate embryos,which contains the primordium of dental pulp cells or odontoblasts.The produced CNCLCs showed approximately 2.5-12,000-fold upregulations of major CNC marker genes.Furthermore,the CNCLCs exhibited remarkable odontoblastic differentiation ability,especially when treated with a combination of the fibroblast growth factors(FGFs)FGF4 and FGF9.The FGFs induced odontoblast marker genes by 1.7-5.0-fold,as compared to bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)treatment.In a mouse subcutaneous implant model,the CNCLCs briefly fated with FGF4+FGF9 replicated dental pulp tissue characteristics,such as harboring odontoblast-like cells,a dentin-like layer,and vast neovascularization,induced by the angiogenic self-assembling peptide hydrogel(SAPH),SLan.SLan acts as a versatile biocompatible scaffold in the canal space.This study demonstrated a successful collaboration between regenerative medicine and SAPH technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve.In addition,trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy.Two years later,esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H.pylori,and eradication treatment was administered.Two years and nine months later(at the age of 70),a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body,and six months later,a similar lesion was also found in the fundus.One year later(4 years and 3 months after H.pylori eradication),at the age of 72,the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated.A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL.Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation,and trisomy 18q21 was also detected.After 6 courses of R-CHOP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)chemotherapy,all of the above lesions disappeared[complete remission(CR)],and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years.In addition,both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.CONCLUSION Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21,it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H.pylori infection and progressed.展开更多
This study analyzed the difference between using a downward breaststroke kick and a horizontal breaststroke kick in a sample of world class elite swimmers.We compared average muscle activity of the gluteus maximus,qua...This study analyzed the difference between using a downward breaststroke kick and a horizontal breaststroke kick in a sample of world class elite swimmers.We compared average muscle activity of the gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris(vastus medialis and rectus femoris),hamstring/long head of the biceps femoris,gastrocnemius medialis,rectus abdominal,and erector spinae when using the downward breaststroke kick technique.We find that when this sample of swimmers utilized the downward breaststroke kick,max speed and velocity per stroke increased,measured by 12,788 EMG samples,where the results are highly correlated to duration of the aerodynamic buoyant force in breaststroke kick technique.The increases in performance observed from measuring the world class elite swimmers is highly correlated to the duration of the kick aerodynamic buoyant force.Among this sample of elite swimmers,the longer a swimmer demonstrates a buoyant force breaststroke kick,the lower the time in a 100 breaststroke.展开更多
Superparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisoli- tary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchild...Superparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisoli- tary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）, 2 adults can emerge under superparasitism with a short interval （〈24 h） between the first and second ovipositions. We determined the female parasitoid＇s behavioral responses under self- and conspecific superparasitism bouts with first-to-second oviposition intervals of 〈2 h. The self- and conspecific superparasitizing frequencies increased up to an oviposition interval of 0.75 h, with the former remaining lower than the latter, particularly for oviposition intervals of _〈0.25 h, suggesting the existence of self-/conspecific discrimination. The superparasitizing frequency plateaued for oviposition intervals of _〉0.75 h, with no dif- ference between self- and conspecific superparasitism. The ovicidal-probing frequency did not differ under self- and conspecific superparasitism, and was usually 〈20%. The females exhibited no preference for the oviposition side （i.e., ovipositing on the side with or without the first progeny） and almost always laid female eggs for any oviposition in- terval under self- and conspecific superparasitism. The sex ratio was not affected by the type of superparasitism, oviposition sides, or the occurrence of ovicidal probing. These observed results about the oviposition side, ovicidal probing, and sex ratios differed from the predictions obtained assuming that the females behave optimally. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed： likely candidates include the high cost of selecting oviposition sides and ovicidal probing, and, for the sex ratio, the low frequency of encountering suitable hosts before superparasitism bouts.展开更多
<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process ...<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue.Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification.These procedures,however,result in the loss of tooth vitality,sensitivity,and healing.Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue,avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality.Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations,revascularization approaches,scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration.Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics.We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p>.展开更多
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a health...Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a healthy profile of inflammatory biomarkers. The domestic demand for organic peanuts has significantly increased, requiring new breeding efforts to develop peanut varieties adapted to the organic farming system. The use of unmanned aerial system (UAS) has gained scientific attention because of the ability to generate high-throughput phenotypic data. However, it has not been fully investigated for phenotyping agronomic traits of organic peanuts. Peanuts are beneficial for cardio system protection and are widely used. Within the U.S., peanuts are grown in 11 states on roughly 600,000 hectares and averaging 4500 kg/ha. This study’s objective was to test the accuracy of UAS data in the phenotyping pod and seed yield of organic peanuts. UAS data was collected from a field plot with 20 Spanish peanut breeding lines on July 07, 2021 and September 27, 2021. The study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. Twenty-five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated. The analysis of variance showed significant genotypic effects on all 25 vegetation indices for both flights (p < 0.05). The vegetation index Red edge (RE) from the first flight was the most significantly correlated with both pod (r = 0.44) and seed yield (r = 0.64). These results can be used to further advance organic peanut breeding efforts with high-throughput data collection.展开更多
Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen t...Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of<em> ETFe</em> (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environment展开更多
<strong>Objectives: </strong>With rapid advancements in medical care, nurses are confronted with ethical issues on a daily basis. If new nurses are introduced to the clinical setting without having acquire...<strong>Objectives: </strong>With rapid advancements in medical care, nurses are confronted with ethical issues on a daily basis. If new nurses are introduced to the clinical setting without having acquired sufficient ethical judgment skills in basic nursing education, they are unable to respond to the ethical dilemmas they face. This results in learned helplessness, which can lead to burnout and turnover. Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational programs where there is a natural progression from basic to continuing nursing. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a nationwide survey using the Nursing Student Care Ethical Competence Scale to present a benchmark for the assessment of this skill and facilitate continuity in nursing education. <strong>Methods: </strong>From February to March 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 4930 final-year nursing students enrolled in nursing colleges, junior colleges, and technical schools nationwide. The survey consisted of 29 items on ethical behavior, 26 items on ethics knowledge, and seven items on personal attributes. For the analysis, we calculated percentiles for the five standards of nursing students’ ethical care competence: safe care provision, respecting self-determination, protecting personal information, providing the best care, and upholding patients’ dignity.<strong> Results:</strong> Responses were obtained from 1505 nursing students (collection rate 30.5%, valid response rate 30.5%). The 80th percentile (minimum value-maximum value) was 128 (38 - 145) points for the ethical competence of nursing students, 37 (11 - 40) points for safe care provision, 28 (4 - 31) points for respect for self-determination, 23 (5 - 25) points for protection of personal information, 23 (5 - 25) points for best care provision, and 13 (3 - 15) points for respect for personal dignity. Discussion: The 80th percentile was established as the benchmark for ethical care competence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on these criteria, nursing students can objectively as展开更多
The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medic...The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medicine. Realization of this potential depends on efficient and optimized protocols for the genetic manipulation of HDDPCs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a Piggy Bac（PB）-based gene transfer system as a method for introducing nonviral transposon DNA into HDDPCs and HDDPC-derived inducible pluripotent stem cells. The transfection efficiency of the PB-based system was significantly greater than previously reported for electroporation-based transfection of plasmid DNA. Using the neomycin resistance gene as a selection marker, HDDPCs were stably transfected at a rate nearly 40-fold higher than that achieved using conventional methods. Using this system, it was also possible to introduce two constructs simultaneously into a single cell. The resulting stable transfectants, expressing td Tomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein, exhibited both red and green fluorescence. The established cell line did not lose the acquired phenotype over three months of culture. Based on our results, we concluded that PB is superior to currently available methods for introducing plasmid DNA into HDDPCs. There may be significant challenges in the direct clinical application of this method for human dental tissue engineering due to safety risks and ethical concerns. However, the high level of transfection achieved with PB may have significant advantages in basic scientific research for dental tissue engineering applications, such as functional studies of genes and proteins. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for the isolation of genetically engineered HDDPC-derived stem cells for studies in tooth regenerative medicine.展开更多
We assessed the adaptiveness of refraining from infanticidal probing at the third attack under triple parasitism in the parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii Perkins, by comparing fitness returns from the third attack ...We assessed the adaptiveness of refraining from infanticidal probing at the third attack under triple parasitism in the parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii Perkins, by comparing fitness returns from the third attack with and without probing. Fitness returns were assessed in terms of the survival rate, mean developmental time, and mean adult head width of the progenies. Not probing was maladaptive under triple parasitism with oviposition intervals of 1/24 and 24/24 hours （where the numbers before and after the slash refer to the first-to-second and second-to-third oviposition intervals, respectively）, although no significant difference was detected in fitness returns for oviposition intervals of 24/1 hours. We suggest that the cost of probing （especially the decrease in the chance of future ovipositions） is a reason for the seemingly maladaptive absence of probing.展开更多
The aim of this study was to reveal the level of ethical competence acquired through basic nursing education, to report on the present state of ethics education, and to consider future directions for ethics education....The aim of this study was to reveal the level of ethical competence acquired through basic nursing education, to report on the present state of ethics education, and to consider future directions for ethics education. The medical databases ICHUSHI, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched using the search terms “nursing ethics,” “nursing practice,” “ethics education,” and “nursing students.” Of the total results, 25 research articles (original papers, research reports, practical reports, documents) were used for this study. Ethical competence covered in basic nursing education corresponded to points 1 - 11 of the Code of Ethics, and the competencies acquired included cognizance and judgement. Ethics education included methods such as case studies in Japan and blended learning in other countries. At present, ethical competence education does not comprehensively cover the Code of Ethics, and the judgement level of competence is not acquired during basic nursing education. It is thus necessary henceforth to progressively put an educational program in place to develop ethics education that persists from basic nursing education through to continuing nursing education.展开更多
This research aims to clarify the significance of incorporating visual stimulation, in the form of foliage plants, into office desktop spaces. The experiments were conducted in a thermal environment with a temperature...This research aims to clarify the significance of incorporating visual stimulation, in the form of foliage plants, into office desktop spaces. The experiments were conducted in a thermal environment with a temperature range that was slightly uncomfortable. The indoor thermal environment evaluation index ETF was used to measure the effects that brain stimulation of foliage plants have on comprehensive thermal senses. We focus on visual stimulation with foliage plants, and quantitatively measure shifts in thermal senses that affect the body. Thermal environment conditions were established with air temperature in three stages (25℃, 28℃ and 31℃) and the atmosphere was kept homogeneous with wall surface temperature equal to air temperature. The visual stimulations consisted of seven types of office desk image: benjamin, pothos, oxycardium, baby tears, moss ball, cacti, and no plant. At around 27℃ to 29℃ ETF, improvements in thermal sensation, as measured by thermal sensation statements, were shown to have resulted from visual stimulation benefits. Also, at around 26℃ to 29℃ ETF, improvements in comfort were shown, due to visual stimulation benefits as well, in subjects’ comfortable-sensation statements. This benefit was significant when a foliage plant’s green coverage ratio came between 0.75% and 4.67%, the range which does not create an overwhelming feeling from the foliage plant.展开更多
The methanol extracts of 168 plant species from 68 families were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lettuce seedling elongation. Among the plant species tested, 12 species had EC50 values for radicle grow...The methanol extracts of 168 plant species from 68 families were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lettuce seedling elongation. Among the plant species tested, 12 species had EC50 values for radicle growth inhibition ranging from 0.01 to 5.00 mg fresh weight equivalent mL-1. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, a traditionally used herbal medicine, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity (estimated EC50: 0.28 fresh weight equivalent mL-1). Among the 12 species, Pachysandra terminalis, Tamarindus indica, and Albizia guachapele required investigation, because only little has been reported about their chemical constituents to date. The data in the present study would be useful in finding new lead compounds for natural herbicides.展开更多
基金Supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japan,[Grant No.24791437 and No.26461920(to Meguro M),No.13377023(to Hirata K),and No.23591993(to Mizuguchi T)]A grant from the Yuasa Memorial Foundation was awarded to Mizuguchi T
文摘AIM:To clarify the utility of using des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP)andα-fetoprotein(AFP)levels to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and the hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections.METHODS:A total of 205 patients with HCC(105patients with HBV infection 100 patients with HCV infection)who underwent primary hepatectomy between January 2004 and May 2012 were enrolled retrospectively.Preoperative AFP and DCP levels were used to create interactive dot diagrams to predict recurrence within 2 years after hepatectomy,and cutoff levels were calculated.Patients in the HBV and HCV groups were classified into three groups:a group with low AFP and DCP levels(LL group),a group in which one of the two parameters was high and the other was low(HL group),and a group with high AFP and DCP levels(HH group).Liver function parameters,the postoperative recurrence-free survival rate,and postoperative overall survival were compared between groups.The survival curves were compared by logrank test using the Kaplan-Meier method.Multivariate analysis using a Cox forward stepwise logistic regression model was conducted for a prognosis.RESULTS:The preoperative AFP cutoff levels for recurrence within 2 years after hepatectomy in the HBV and HCV groups were 529.8 ng/m L and 60 m AU/m L,respectively;for preoperative DCP levels,the cutoff levels were 21.0 ng/m L in the HBV group and 67 m AU/m L in the HCV group.The HBV group was significantly different from the other groups in terms of vascular invasion,major hepatectomy,volume of intraoperative blood loss,and surgical duration.Significant differences were found between the LL group,the HL group,and the HH group in terms of both mean disease-free survival time(MDFST)and mean overall survival time(MOST):64.81±7.47 vs 36.63±7.62 vs 18.98±6.17mo(P=0.001)and 85.30±6.55 vs 59.44±7.87 vs46.57±11.20 mo(P=0.018).In contrast,the HCV group exhibited a significant difference in tumor size,vascular invasion,volume of intraoperative blood loss,and surg
文摘The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to thermal conditions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the outdoor tropical urban thermal environment on a subject who has been acclimatized to the environment studied using the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe. In addition, the tendency of human impacts was clarified through comparison to subjects from a temperate thermal environment region. As a result, it was found that an ETFe of up to 35°C could be recognized as a temperate thermal environment. However, when the ETFe was greater than 40°C, the subject could not tolerate the environment. There was not a significant difference of psychological reaction between Thai people, who were acclimatized to the tropical climate, and Japanese people, who were acclimatized to the temperate climate.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma(D-FL)has been recognized as a rare entity that accounts for approximately 4%of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.D-FL follows an indolent clinical course compared with common nodal FL and is generally considered to have a better prognosis.Therefore,the“watch and wait”approach is frequently adopted as the treatment method.Alternatively,there is an option to actively intervene in D-FL.However,the long-term outcomes of such cases are poorly understood.AIM To clarify the clinical outcomes after long-term follow-up in cases of D-FL with treatment intervention.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who met the following criteria:the lesion was confirmed by endoscopy,the diagnosis of D-FL was confirmed histopathologically,and the patient was followed-up for more than 10 years after the intervention at our center.RESULTS We identified 5 cases of D-FL.Two patients showed a small amount of bone marrow involvement(Stage IV).Rituximab was used as a treatment for remission in all 5 patients.It was also used in combination with chemotherapy in 2 Stage IV patients as well as for maintenance treatment.Radiation therapy was performed in 2 cases,which was followed by complete remission(CR).Eventually,all 5 patients achieved CR and survived for more than 10 years.However,3 patients experienced recurrence.One patient achieved a second CR by retreatment,and in another case,the lesion showed spontaneous disappearance.The remaining patient had systemic widespread recurrence 13 years after the first CR.Biopsy results suggested that the FL lesions were transformed into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The patient died 4 years later despite receiving various chemotherapies.CONCLUSION In this study,the treatment for patients of D-FL in Stage IV was successful.In the future,criteria for how to treat“advanced”D-FL should be established based on additional cases.This study of patients with D-FL indicates that whole-body follow-up examinations should continue for a long time due to a fat
文摘In cosmetic surgery, golden threads have been used in thread lift procedures, wherein golden threads are placed under the skin of the neck and chin. These are mainly applied in the maxillofacial region adjacent to the sites of dental treatment to achieve cosmetic benefits. However, as dentists typically lack sufficient knowledge about the golden thread lift procedure, it may present a challenge to dental examinations and treatments. It is therefore crucial for dentists to have a comprehensive understanding of the procedure. This case report covers our experience with the dental examination of a patient with golden threads. We emphasize the dental complications and precautions that should be taken for such cases. These golden threads are made of pure gold, nonabsorbable, and can be broken. These can obstruct dental examination, as well as cause metal allergies and foreign body granulomas. Additionally, it is difficult to completely remove these threads when they break apart. In the future, since more patients are expected to undergo this procedure, it is possible to encounter these golden threads as artifacts on imaging. Therefore, it is important to educate dentists about the golden thread lift procedure and its dental implications. It is also imperative to determine whether the patient has undergone the golden thread lift procedure in the medical questionnaire prior to the magnetic resonance imaging examination. Thus, dentists should be able to conduct a detailed interview with the patient, determine the feasibility of examination or treatment, and communicate this assessment to the patient.
基金supported by the following grants to Emi Shimizu,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR),grant number R01DE025885,R01DE031812 and a Fulbright Health Impact award 2019 to Henry F.Duncan.The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
文摘This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease,rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity.Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based‘fillings’that preserve the dental pulp;research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry,with high failure rates,to smart restorations targeted at biological processes.Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process.Therefore,exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex.This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase(HDAC)enzymes in dental-pulp-cells(DPCs)that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability.Consequently,HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects,providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed,inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material.Despite positive results,clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles,dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships.The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp,while considering the next steps,material considerations,challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other‘smart’restorations in VPT.
文摘Insulin is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with diabetes,and cutaneous lipohypertrophy(LH)and localized insulin-derived amyloidosis(LIDA)are well-known adverse effects associated with insulin injections.The clinical implications,management,assessment methods,and pathological differentiation of LH and LIDA have been recently updated.This review was to update our knowledge of the pathological differentiation,effects of insulin absorption,hypoglycemic events,and recent assessment methods for LH and LIDA.A scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Original studies and case reports in English were also included.PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for keywords to identify papers published up to January 2022.A total of 113 studies were identified through a database search,and 31 were eligible for inclusion in this scoping review.In the 31 studies included in this review,patients with type 2 diabetes had high frequencies of LH and LIDA.LH outcome parameters were assessed using pathological findings and imaging.LIDA is mainly determined by pathological methods,such as hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red staining.Several in vitro and in vivo LIDA models of LIDA have been developed.These results suggest that pathological analysis is required to identify LH and LIDA.It is important to consider LIDA,as it likely influences insulin adsorption and glycemic control.Although several studies have evaluated the LIDA process,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of adverse effects associated with insulin injections.
基金supported by NIH grants,R01DE025885(E.S),R15EY029504(VAK)National Science Foundation NSF IIP 1903617(VAK).
文摘The dental pulp has irreplaceable roles in maintaining healthy teeth and its regeneration is a primary aim of regenerative endodontics.This study aimed to replicate the characteristics of dental pulp tissue by using cranial neural crest(CNC)-like cells(CNCLCs);these cells were generated by modifying several steps of a previously established method for deriving NC-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).CNC is the anterior region of the neural crest in vertebrate embryos,which contains the primordium of dental pulp cells or odontoblasts.The produced CNCLCs showed approximately 2.5-12,000-fold upregulations of major CNC marker genes.Furthermore,the CNCLCs exhibited remarkable odontoblastic differentiation ability,especially when treated with a combination of the fibroblast growth factors(FGFs)FGF4 and FGF9.The FGFs induced odontoblast marker genes by 1.7-5.0-fold,as compared to bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)treatment.In a mouse subcutaneous implant model,the CNCLCs briefly fated with FGF4+FGF9 replicated dental pulp tissue characteristics,such as harboring odontoblast-like cells,a dentin-like layer,and vast neovascularization,induced by the angiogenic self-assembling peptide hydrogel(SAPH),SLan.SLan acts as a versatile biocompatible scaffold in the canal space.This study demonstrated a successful collaboration between regenerative medicine and SAPH technology.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve.In addition,trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy.Two years later,esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H.pylori,and eradication treatment was administered.Two years and nine months later(at the age of 70),a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body,and six months later,a similar lesion was also found in the fundus.One year later(4 years and 3 months after H.pylori eradication),at the age of 72,the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated.A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL.Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation,and trisomy 18q21 was also detected.After 6 courses of R-CHOP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)chemotherapy,all of the above lesions disappeared[complete remission(CR)],and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years.In addition,both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.CONCLUSION Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21,it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H.pylori infection and progressed.
文摘This study analyzed the difference between using a downward breaststroke kick and a horizontal breaststroke kick in a sample of world class elite swimmers.We compared average muscle activity of the gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris(vastus medialis and rectus femoris),hamstring/long head of the biceps femoris,gastrocnemius medialis,rectus abdominal,and erector spinae when using the downward breaststroke kick technique.We find that when this sample of swimmers utilized the downward breaststroke kick,max speed and velocity per stroke increased,measured by 12,788 EMG samples,where the results are highly correlated to duration of the aerodynamic buoyant force in breaststroke kick technique.The increases in performance observed from measuring the world class elite swimmers is highly correlated to the duration of the kick aerodynamic buoyant force.Among this sample of elite swimmers,the longer a swimmer demonstrates a buoyant force breaststroke kick,the lower the time in a 100 breaststroke.
文摘Superparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisoli- tary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）, 2 adults can emerge under superparasitism with a short interval （〈24 h） between the first and second ovipositions. We determined the female parasitoid＇s behavioral responses under self- and conspecific superparasitism bouts with first-to-second oviposition intervals of 〈2 h. The self- and conspecific superparasitizing frequencies increased up to an oviposition interval of 0.75 h, with the former remaining lower than the latter, particularly for oviposition intervals of _〈0.25 h, suggesting the existence of self-/conspecific discrimination. The superparasitizing frequency plateaued for oviposition intervals of _〉0.75 h, with no dif- ference between self- and conspecific superparasitism. The ovicidal-probing frequency did not differ under self- and conspecific superparasitism, and was usually 〈20%. The females exhibited no preference for the oviposition side （i.e., ovipositing on the side with or without the first progeny） and almost always laid female eggs for any oviposition in- terval under self- and conspecific superparasitism. The sex ratio was not affected by the type of superparasitism, oviposition sides, or the occurrence of ovicidal probing. These observed results about the oviposition side, ovicidal probing, and sex ratios differed from the predictions obtained assuming that the females behave optimally. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed： likely candidates include the high cost of selecting oviposition sides and ovicidal probing, and, for the sex ratio, the low frequency of encountering suitable hosts before superparasitism bouts.
基金supported by grants NIH R15 EY02950401A1S1 for AAJNIH R15 EY029504+2 种基金NSF IIP 1903617the NJIT Undergraduate Research and Innovation(URI)Program for VAKNIH grant R01DE025885 to E.S.
文摘<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue.Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification.These procedures,however,result in the loss of tooth vitality,sensitivity,and healing.Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue,avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality.Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations,revascularization approaches,scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration.Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics.We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p>.
文摘Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a healthy profile of inflammatory biomarkers. The domestic demand for organic peanuts has significantly increased, requiring new breeding efforts to develop peanut varieties adapted to the organic farming system. The use of unmanned aerial system (UAS) has gained scientific attention because of the ability to generate high-throughput phenotypic data. However, it has not been fully investigated for phenotyping agronomic traits of organic peanuts. Peanuts are beneficial for cardio system protection and are widely used. Within the U.S., peanuts are grown in 11 states on roughly 600,000 hectares and averaging 4500 kg/ha. This study’s objective was to test the accuracy of UAS data in the phenotyping pod and seed yield of organic peanuts. UAS data was collected from a field plot with 20 Spanish peanut breeding lines on July 07, 2021 and September 27, 2021. The study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. Twenty-five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated. The analysis of variance showed significant genotypic effects on all 25 vegetation indices for both flights (p < 0.05). The vegetation index Red edge (RE) from the first flight was the most significantly correlated with both pod (r = 0.44) and seed yield (r = 0.64). These results can be used to further advance organic peanut breeding efforts with high-throughput data collection.
文摘Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of<em> ETFe</em> (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environment
文摘<strong>Objectives: </strong>With rapid advancements in medical care, nurses are confronted with ethical issues on a daily basis. If new nurses are introduced to the clinical setting without having acquired sufficient ethical judgment skills in basic nursing education, they are unable to respond to the ethical dilemmas they face. This results in learned helplessness, which can lead to burnout and turnover. Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational programs where there is a natural progression from basic to continuing nursing. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a nationwide survey using the Nursing Student Care Ethical Competence Scale to present a benchmark for the assessment of this skill and facilitate continuity in nursing education. <strong>Methods: </strong>From February to March 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 4930 final-year nursing students enrolled in nursing colleges, junior colleges, and technical schools nationwide. The survey consisted of 29 items on ethical behavior, 26 items on ethics knowledge, and seven items on personal attributes. For the analysis, we calculated percentiles for the five standards of nursing students’ ethical care competence: safe care provision, respecting self-determination, protecting personal information, providing the best care, and upholding patients’ dignity.<strong> Results:</strong> Responses were obtained from 1505 nursing students (collection rate 30.5%, valid response rate 30.5%). The 80th percentile (minimum value-maximum value) was 128 (38 - 145) points for the ethical competence of nursing students, 37 (11 - 40) points for safe care provision, 28 (4 - 31) points for respect for self-determination, 23 (5 - 25) points for protection of personal information, 23 (5 - 25) points for best care provision, and 13 (3 - 15) points for respect for personal dignity. Discussion: The 80th percentile was established as the benchmark for ethical care competence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on these criteria, nursing students can objectively as
基金supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (grant no. 25463192) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture, and Technology of Japan
文摘The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medicine. Realization of this potential depends on efficient and optimized protocols for the genetic manipulation of HDDPCs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a Piggy Bac（PB）-based gene transfer system as a method for introducing nonviral transposon DNA into HDDPCs and HDDPC-derived inducible pluripotent stem cells. The transfection efficiency of the PB-based system was significantly greater than previously reported for electroporation-based transfection of plasmid DNA. Using the neomycin resistance gene as a selection marker, HDDPCs were stably transfected at a rate nearly 40-fold higher than that achieved using conventional methods. Using this system, it was also possible to introduce two constructs simultaneously into a single cell. The resulting stable transfectants, expressing td Tomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein, exhibited both red and green fluorescence. The established cell line did not lose the acquired phenotype over three months of culture. Based on our results, we concluded that PB is superior to currently available methods for introducing plasmid DNA into HDDPCs. There may be significant challenges in the direct clinical application of this method for human dental tissue engineering due to safety risks and ethical concerns. However, the high level of transfection achieved with PB may have significant advantages in basic scientific research for dental tissue engineering applications, such as functional studies of genes and proteins. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for the isolation of genetically engineered HDDPC-derived stem cells for studies in tooth regenerative medicine.
文摘We assessed the adaptiveness of refraining from infanticidal probing at the third attack under triple parasitism in the parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii Perkins, by comparing fitness returns from the third attack with and without probing. Fitness returns were assessed in terms of the survival rate, mean developmental time, and mean adult head width of the progenies. Not probing was maladaptive under triple parasitism with oviposition intervals of 1/24 and 24/24 hours （where the numbers before and after the slash refer to the first-to-second and second-to-third oviposition intervals, respectively）, although no significant difference was detected in fitness returns for oviposition intervals of 24/1 hours. We suggest that the cost of probing （especially the decrease in the chance of future ovipositions） is a reason for the seemingly maladaptive absence of probing.
文摘The aim of this study was to reveal the level of ethical competence acquired through basic nursing education, to report on the present state of ethics education, and to consider future directions for ethics education. The medical databases ICHUSHI, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched using the search terms “nursing ethics,” “nursing practice,” “ethics education,” and “nursing students.” Of the total results, 25 research articles (original papers, research reports, practical reports, documents) were used for this study. Ethical competence covered in basic nursing education corresponded to points 1 - 11 of the Code of Ethics, and the competencies acquired included cognizance and judgement. Ethics education included methods such as case studies in Japan and blended learning in other countries. At present, ethical competence education does not comprehensively cover the Code of Ethics, and the judgement level of competence is not acquired during basic nursing education. It is thus necessary henceforth to progressively put an educational program in place to develop ethics education that persists from basic nursing education through to continuing nursing education.
文摘This research aims to clarify the significance of incorporating visual stimulation, in the form of foliage plants, into office desktop spaces. The experiments were conducted in a thermal environment with a temperature range that was slightly uncomfortable. The indoor thermal environment evaluation index ETF was used to measure the effects that brain stimulation of foliage plants have on comprehensive thermal senses. We focus on visual stimulation with foliage plants, and quantitatively measure shifts in thermal senses that affect the body. Thermal environment conditions were established with air temperature in three stages (25℃, 28℃ and 31℃) and the atmosphere was kept homogeneous with wall surface temperature equal to air temperature. The visual stimulations consisted of seven types of office desk image: benjamin, pothos, oxycardium, baby tears, moss ball, cacti, and no plant. At around 27℃ to 29℃ ETF, improvements in thermal sensation, as measured by thermal sensation statements, were shown to have resulted from visual stimulation benefits. Also, at around 26℃ to 29℃ ETF, improvements in comfort were shown, due to visual stimulation benefits as well, in subjects’ comfortable-sensation statements. This benefit was significant when a foliage plant’s green coverage ratio came between 0.75% and 4.67%, the range which does not create an overwhelming feeling from the foliage plant.
文摘The methanol extracts of 168 plant species from 68 families were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lettuce seedling elongation. Among the plant species tested, 12 species had EC50 values for radicle growth inhibition ranging from 0.01 to 5.00 mg fresh weight equivalent mL-1. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, a traditionally used herbal medicine, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity (estimated EC50: 0.28 fresh weight equivalent mL-1). Among the 12 species, Pachysandra terminalis, Tamarindus indica, and Albizia guachapele required investigation, because only little has been reported about their chemical constituents to date. The data in the present study would be useful in finding new lead compounds for natural herbicides.
