AIM: To analyze the correlation between cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy and cancer-related death in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six gastric cancer patients after o...AIM: To analyze the correlation between cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy and cancer-related death in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six gastric cancer patients after operation at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in this study. Their clinical data including demographic characteristics, operation time, tumor size, pathological type and staging, tumor metastasis, outcome of chemotherapy or CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy, survival time or time of death were collected with a standard structured questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median survival time, and the 2- and 5- year survival rates. Hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy for gastric cancer were calculated using the two-stage time-dependent covariates Cox model. RESULTS: The survival time of gastric cancer patients was longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (χ 2 = 10.907, P = 0.001). The median survival time of gastric cancer patients was also longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (49 mo vs 27 mo, P < 0.05). The 2- and 5-year survival rates of gastric cancer patients were significantly higher after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (73.5% vs 52.6%, 40.4% vs 23.9%, P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the survival curve for patients who received CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy (0, 1-10, 11-25, and over 25 frequencies) (χ 2 = 14.534, P = 0.002). The frequencies of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy were significantly related with the decreasing risk of death in gastric cancer patients after adjustment for sex and age of the patients, tumor stage and relapse (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.80) when the first stage Cox model was used to define the subjects who remained alive beyond 36 mo as survivors. However, no correlation was observed between the frequencies of death in CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy and the 展开更多
Two major apoptosis pathways have been defined in mammalian cells, the Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor pathway and the mitochondria pathway. The Bcl-2 family proteins consist of both anti-apoptosis and pro- apoptosis member...Two major apoptosis pathways have been defined in mammalian cells, the Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor pathway and the mitochondria pathway. The Bcl-2 family proteins consist of both anti-apoptosis and pro- apoptosis members that regulate apoptosis, mainly by controlling the release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic events. However, death signals mediated by Fas/TNF-R1 receptors can usually activate caspases directly, bypassing the need for mitochondria and escaping the regulation by Bcl-2 family proteins. Bid is a novel pro-apoptosis Bcl-2 family protein that is activated by caspase 8 in response to Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor signals. Activated Bid is translocated to mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release, which in turn activates downstream caspases. Such a connection between the two apoptosis pathways could be important for induction of apoptosis in certain types of cells and responsible for the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases.展开更多
The (100) texture of solidified fcc metals, caused by the preferential (100) dendrite growth, could be closeIy related to solid/melt interfaces which behave differently along different crystallographic orientation. Th...The (100) texture of solidified fcc metals, caused by the preferential (100) dendrite growth, could be closeIy related to solid/melt interfaces which behave differently along different crystallographic orientation. The stability and roughness of {111} and {100} solid/melt interfaces of fcc metals were investigated using a modified Temkin multi-layer model. It is demonstrated that {100}crystal/melt interface is more unstable and rougher than {111} interface. The effect of the stability of crystal/melt interface on the (100) texture formation in solidified fcc metals has been analysed and discussed.展开更多
工业控制系统除了应用于生产制造行业外,还广泛应用于交通、水利和电力等关键基础设施.随着工业数字化、网络化、智能化的推进,许多新技术应用于工业控制系统,提高了工业控制系统的智能化水平,但其也给工业控制系统的安全带来严峻的挑战...工业控制系统除了应用于生产制造行业外,还广泛应用于交通、水利和电力等关键基础设施.随着工业数字化、网络化、智能化的推进,许多新技术应用于工业控制系统,提高了工业控制系统的智能化水平,但其也给工业控制系统的安全带来严峻的挑战.因此,工业控制系统的安全倍受研究人员的关注.为了让研究人员系统化地了解目前的研究进展,调研了近3年Web of Science核心数据库、EI数据库和CCF推荐网络与信息安全国际学术会议中发表的与工业控制系统安全相关论文以及其他相关的高水平研究工作.首先,介绍工业控制系统的体系结构及面临的威胁.然后,依据工业控制系统的体系结构,自上而下将其安全研究工作分为ICS-云平台通信安全、HMI-设备通信安全、设备固件安全以及其他安全研究,并从攻击和防御角度进行分析和整理.最后,提出当前工业控制系统安全研究依然面临的主要挑战,并指出未来研究发展的方向.展开更多
AIM: To detect the expression of soluble TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, TRAIL) in the peripheral blood of HBV infected patients and try to elucidate whether the expression level of sTRAIL have any corre...AIM: To detect the expression of soluble TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, TRAIL) in the peripheral blood of HBV infected patients and try to elucidate whether the expression level of sTRAIL have any correlativity with the clinical staging, the expression level of HBV markers and the degree of liver damage.METHODS: 52 cases of HBV infected patients were investigated, induding 8 HBV carriers, 30 chronic hepatitis B, 11 drrhotics and 3 HBV infection related hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of soluble TRAIL and markers of the hepatitis B were mearsured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The expression level of sTRAIL in the peripheral blood of the HBV infected patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (1378.35±540.23 pg/ml vs 613.75±175.80 pg/ml, P＜0.001). In the group of chronic hepatitis, the expression level of sTRAIL was coincident with the status of the disease and was significantly correlated with the level of ALT. In the group of cirrhosis and liver cancer, its expression level was significantly higher than that of the healthy persons and HBV carriers, but lower than that of the hepatitis B patients; meanwhile, the expression of siRAIL did not have any correlativity with the functional indexes of the liver. CONCLUSION: The soluble TRAIL in the HBV infected people may participate in the liver damage. Our results indicated that the expression level of soluble TRAIL may reflect the ravage of liver caused by host immune reaction to a certain degree.展开更多
1996年,世界几家著名医学期刊的编辑和有关方面的专家发表了<随机试验报道的统一标准>(CONSORT,Consolidated Standards of Reproting Trials).2001年,他们对该标准进行了修订.由于许多证据显示,随机对照试验中有关干预措施的损...1996年,世界几家著名医学期刊的编辑和有关方面的专家发表了<随机试验报道的统一标准>(CONSORT,Consolidated Standards of Reproting Trials).2001年,他们对该标准进行了修订.由于许多证据显示,随机对照试验中有关干预措施的损害或不良事件的报道有待进一步改善和提高,他们通过检索证据、开会讨论、拟写初稿、分别评价和完成文稿等方式,在CONSORT标准2001修订版的框架内进行了增补,形成了一份不良事件报道的循证性标准.这份标准约有13个页码,主要包括建议-解释和附录-范例两大部分.以下是这份标准的部分术语、所有建议及其具体要求和报道中常见不足的摘译.展开更多
The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated ar...The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated are gas and shrinkage porosity. In the experiments, semi-solid slurry was prepared by the gas-induced semi-solid （GISS） technique. Then, the slurry was transferred to the shot sleeve and injected into the die. The die and shot sleeve temperatures were kept at 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, respectively. The results show that the samples produced by the GISS die casting give little porosity, no blister and uniform microstructure. From all the results, it can be concluded that the GISS process is feasible to apply in the ADC12 aluminum die casting process. In addition, the GISS process can give improved properties such as decreased porosity and increased microstructure uniformity.展开更多
There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other...There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflam展开更多
The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to...The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to the right of the bronchus and passes between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the hilum of the left lung. The LPAS is frequently associated with tracheobronchial tree anomalies and congenital cardiac defects. Proper assessment of the tracheobronchial and cardiovascular anomaly is essential in LPAS for planning management of the patient. Currently,展开更多
Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated out...Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated outcome tools such as the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there was a change over time in functional status, as measured by the LLFDI, in patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery, and if so, 2) what specific aspect(s) of functional status changed. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of one year was conducted on elective cardiac surgery patients (n = 43) using the self-reported LLFDI, which measures Disability Frequency (frequency of participation in social tasks), Disability Limitation (ability to participate in social tasks) and Function Total (ease in performing routine activities). Higher scores indicate increased function and decreased disability. LLFDI scores were compared at three times (preoperative, six-week and one-year postoperative) using repeated measures ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparison was conducted for specific interactions. Results: Both Function Total and Disability Frequency significantly changed over time (p = 0.047 and p = 0.013, respectively). Specifically, patients’ function level was significantly higher one-year postoperative compared to preoperative (M difference = +3.48, SE = 1.48, p = 0.026). Likewise, Disability Frequency scores were significantly higher (i.e. more active) at one-year postoperative versus preoperative (M difference= +5.98, SE = 2.19, p = 0.033). Disability Limitation scores were not significantly different between any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion: By one-year postoperative, patients demonstrated increased ease in their routine physical activities and were more participatory in social life tasks. Individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery took more than six weeks to detect notable improvement in functional status, which was expected with a sternotomy approach展开更多
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer photo...Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer phototherapeutics. We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using Pc 4 in vitro and in vivo against human cervical cancer cells. Methods: CaSki and ME-180 cancer cells were grown as monolayers and spheroids. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured using a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Pc 4 cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were determined. For in vitro Pc 4 photodynamic therapy, cells were irradiated at 667 nm at a fluence of 2.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 48 h. SCID mice were implanted with CaSki and ME-180 cells both subcutaneously and intracervically. Forty-eight hours after Pc 4 photodynamic therapy was administered at 75 and 150 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Results: The IC<sub>50</sub>s for Pc 4 and Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for CaSki and ME-180 cells as monolayers were, 7.6 μM and 0.016 μM and >10 μM and 0.026 μM;as spheroids, IC<sub>50</sub>s of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy were, 0.26 μM and 0.01 μM. Pc 4 was taken up within cells and widely distributed in tumors and tissues. Intracervical photodynamic therapy resulted in tumor death, however mice died due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Photodynamic therapy resulted in subcutaneous tumor death and growth delay. Conclusions: Pc 4 photodynamic therapy caused death within cervical cancer cells and xenografts, supporting development of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Support: P30-CA47904, CTSI BaCCoR Pilot Program.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872176, 30950022 and 30972703grants of Jiangsu Province and Soochow University Medical Development Foundation, No. EE126765
文摘AIM: To analyze the correlation between cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells adoptive immunotherapy and cancer-related death in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six gastric cancer patients after operation at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in this study. Their clinical data including demographic characteristics, operation time, tumor size, pathological type and staging, tumor metastasis, outcome of chemotherapy or CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy, survival time or time of death were collected with a standard structured questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median survival time, and the 2- and 5- year survival rates. Hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy for gastric cancer were calculated using the two-stage time-dependent covariates Cox model. RESULTS: The survival time of gastric cancer patients was longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (χ 2 = 10.907, P = 0.001). The median survival time of gastric cancer patients was also longer after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (49 mo vs 27 mo, P < 0.05). The 2- and 5-year survival rates of gastric cancer patients were significantly higher after CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy than after chemotherapy (73.5% vs 52.6%, 40.4% vs 23.9%, P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the survival curve for patients who received CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy (0, 1-10, 11-25, and over 25 frequencies) (χ 2 = 14.534, P = 0.002). The frequencies of CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy were significantly related with the decreasing risk of death in gastric cancer patients after adjustment for sex and age of the patients, tumor stage and relapse (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.80) when the first stage Cox model was used to define the subjects who remained alive beyond 36 mo as survivors. However, no correlation was observed between the frequencies of death in CIK cells adoptive immunotherapy and the
文摘Two major apoptosis pathways have been defined in mammalian cells, the Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor pathway and the mitochondria pathway. The Bcl-2 family proteins consist of both anti-apoptosis and pro- apoptosis members that regulate apoptosis, mainly by controlling the release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic events. However, death signals mediated by Fas/TNF-R1 receptors can usually activate caspases directly, bypassing the need for mitochondria and escaping the regulation by Bcl-2 family proteins. Bid is a novel pro-apoptosis Bcl-2 family protein that is activated by caspase 8 in response to Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor signals. Activated Bid is translocated to mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release, which in turn activates downstream caspases. Such a connection between the two apoptosis pathways could be important for induction of apoptosis in certain types of cells and responsible for the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases.
文摘The (100) texture of solidified fcc metals, caused by the preferential (100) dendrite growth, could be closeIy related to solid/melt interfaces which behave differently along different crystallographic orientation. The stability and roughness of {111} and {100} solid/melt interfaces of fcc metals were investigated using a modified Temkin multi-layer model. It is demonstrated that {100}crystal/melt interface is more unstable and rougher than {111} interface. The effect of the stability of crystal/melt interface on the (100) texture formation in solidified fcc metals has been analysed and discussed.
文摘工业控制系统除了应用于生产制造行业外,还广泛应用于交通、水利和电力等关键基础设施.随着工业数字化、网络化、智能化的推进,许多新技术应用于工业控制系统,提高了工业控制系统的智能化水平,但其也给工业控制系统的安全带来严峻的挑战.因此,工业控制系统的安全倍受研究人员的关注.为了让研究人员系统化地了解目前的研究进展,调研了近3年Web of Science核心数据库、EI数据库和CCF推荐网络与信息安全国际学术会议中发表的与工业控制系统安全相关论文以及其他相关的高水平研究工作.首先,介绍工业控制系统的体系结构及面临的威胁.然后,依据工业控制系统的体系结构,自上而下将其安全研究工作分为ICS-云平台通信安全、HMI-设备通信安全、设备固件安全以及其他安全研究,并从攻击和防御角度进行分析和整理.最后,提出当前工业控制系统安全研究依然面临的主要挑战,并指出未来研究发展的方向.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation Community,No.30128023
文摘AIM: To detect the expression of soluble TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, TRAIL) in the peripheral blood of HBV infected patients and try to elucidate whether the expression level of sTRAIL have any correlativity with the clinical staging, the expression level of HBV markers and the degree of liver damage.METHODS: 52 cases of HBV infected patients were investigated, induding 8 HBV carriers, 30 chronic hepatitis B, 11 drrhotics and 3 HBV infection related hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of soluble TRAIL and markers of the hepatitis B were mearsured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The expression level of sTRAIL in the peripheral blood of the HBV infected patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (1378.35±540.23 pg/ml vs 613.75±175.80 pg/ml, P＜0.001). In the group of chronic hepatitis, the expression level of sTRAIL was coincident with the status of the disease and was significantly correlated with the level of ALT. In the group of cirrhosis and liver cancer, its expression level was significantly higher than that of the healthy persons and HBV carriers, but lower than that of the hepatitis B patients; meanwhile, the expression of siRAIL did not have any correlativity with the functional indexes of the liver. CONCLUSION: The soluble TRAIL in the HBV infected people may participate in the liver damage. Our results indicated that the expression level of soluble TRAIL may reflect the ravage of liver caused by host immune reaction to a certain degree.
文摘1996年,世界几家著名医学期刊的编辑和有关方面的专家发表了<随机试验报道的统一标准>(CONSORT,Consolidated Standards of Reproting Trials).2001年,他们对该标准进行了修订.由于许多证据显示,随机对照试验中有关干预措施的损害或不良事件的报道有待进一步改善和提高,他们通过检索证据、开会讨论、拟写初稿、分别评价和完成文稿等方式,在CONSORT标准2001修订版的框架内进行了增补,形成了一份不良事件报道的循证性标准.这份标准约有13个页码,主要包括建议-解释和附录-范例两大部分.以下是这份标准的部分术语、所有建议及其具体要求和报道中常见不足的摘译.
基金funded by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No.PHD/0173/2550)the Thai Research Fund (Contract number MRG5280215)Prince of Songkla University (Contract No.AGR530031M)
文摘The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated are gas and shrinkage porosity. In the experiments, semi-solid slurry was prepared by the gas-induced semi-solid （GISS） technique. Then, the slurry was transferred to the shot sleeve and injected into the die. The die and shot sleeve temperatures were kept at 180 ℃ and 250 ℃, respectively. The results show that the samples produced by the GISS die casting give little porosity, no blister and uniform microstructure. From all the results, it can be concluded that the GISS process is feasible to apply in the ADC12 aluminum die casting process. In addition, the GISS process can give improved properties such as decreased porosity and increased microstructure uniformity.
文摘There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflam
文摘The left pulmonary artery sling （LPAS） is a rare vascular anomaly causing respiratory distress in which theleft pulmonary artery arises from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery, courses posteriorly to the right of the bronchus and passes between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the hilum of the left lung. The LPAS is frequently associated with tracheobronchial tree anomalies and congenital cardiac defects. Proper assessment of the tracheobronchial and cardiovascular anomaly is essential in LPAS for planning management of the patient. Currently,
文摘Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated outcome tools such as the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there was a change over time in functional status, as measured by the LLFDI, in patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery, and if so, 2) what specific aspect(s) of functional status changed. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of one year was conducted on elective cardiac surgery patients (n = 43) using the self-reported LLFDI, which measures Disability Frequency (frequency of participation in social tasks), Disability Limitation (ability to participate in social tasks) and Function Total (ease in performing routine activities). Higher scores indicate increased function and decreased disability. LLFDI scores were compared at three times (preoperative, six-week and one-year postoperative) using repeated measures ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparison was conducted for specific interactions. Results: Both Function Total and Disability Frequency significantly changed over time (p = 0.047 and p = 0.013, respectively). Specifically, patients’ function level was significantly higher one-year postoperative compared to preoperative (M difference = +3.48, SE = 1.48, p = 0.026). Likewise, Disability Frequency scores were significantly higher (i.e. more active) at one-year postoperative versus preoperative (M difference= +5.98, SE = 2.19, p = 0.033). Disability Limitation scores were not significantly different between any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion: By one-year postoperative, patients demonstrated increased ease in their routine physical activities and were more participatory in social life tasks. Individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery took more than six weeks to detect notable improvement in functional status, which was expected with a sternotomy approach
文摘Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. Photodynamic therapy has been used for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with good responses, but few studies have used newer phototherapeutics. We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using Pc 4 in vitro and in vivo against human cervical cancer cells. Methods: CaSki and ME-180 cancer cells were grown as monolayers and spheroids. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured using a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Pc 4 cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were determined. For in vitro Pc 4 photodynamic therapy, cells were irradiated at 667 nm at a fluence of 2.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 48 h. SCID mice were implanted with CaSki and ME-180 cells both subcutaneously and intracervically. Forty-eight hours after Pc 4 photodynamic therapy was administered at 75 and 150 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Results: The IC<sub>50</sub>s for Pc 4 and Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for CaSki and ME-180 cells as monolayers were, 7.6 μM and 0.016 μM and >10 μM and 0.026 μM;as spheroids, IC<sub>50</sub>s of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy were, 0.26 μM and 0.01 μM. Pc 4 was taken up within cells and widely distributed in tumors and tissues. Intracervical photodynamic therapy resulted in tumor death, however mice died due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Photodynamic therapy resulted in subcutaneous tumor death and growth delay. Conclusions: Pc 4 photodynamic therapy caused death within cervical cancer cells and xenografts, supporting development of Pc 4 photodynamic therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Support: P30-CA47904, CTSI BaCCoR Pilot Program.
