In plants, anisotropic cell expansion depends on cortical microtubules that serve as tracks along which macromolecules and vesicles are transported by the motor kinesins of unknown identities. We used cotton (Gossypi...In plants, anisotropic cell expansion depends on cortical microtubules that serve as tracks along which macromolecules and vesicles are transported by the motor kinesins of unknown identities. We used cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers that underwent robust elongation to discover kinesins that are involved in cell elongation and found Gh KINESIN-4A expressed abundantly. The motor was detected by immunofluores- cence on vesicle-like structures that were associated with cortical microtubules. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the orthologous motor At KINESIN-4A/FRA1, previously implicated in cellulose deposition during second- ary growth in fiber cells, was examined by live-cell imaging in cells expressing the fluorescently tagged functional protein. The motor decorated vesicle-like particles that exhibit a linear movement along cortical microtubules with an average velocity of 0.89 l^m/min, which was significantly different from those linked to cellulose biosynthesis. We also discovered that At KINESIN-4A/FRA1 and the related At KINESIN-4C play redundant roles in cell wall mechanics, cell elongation, and the axial growth of various vegetative and reproductive organs, as the loss of At KINESIN-4C greatly enhanced the defects caused by a null mutation at the KINESIN-4A/FRA 1 locus. The double mutant displayed a lack of cell wall softening at normal stages of rapid cell elongation. Furthermore, enhanced deposition of arabinose-containing carbohydrate was detected in the kinesin-4 mutants. Our findings established a connection between the Kinesin-4-based transport of cargoes containing non-cellulosic components along cortical microtubules and cell wall mechanics and cell elongation in flowering plants.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools.Accordingly,in various biological contexts,EVs are re...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools.Accordingly,in various biological contexts,EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation,senescence,and cell proliferation and differentiation.Therefore,EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy.Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSC-EVs),even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability.In this review article,we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs,focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs,how they are characterized,and applications already demonstrated.The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.展开更多
New and compiled detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the southern Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Belt,SE Brazil,demonstrate Laurentian affinity of the Embu Terrane which is statistically distinct from the adjoining Apia...New and compiled detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the southern Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Belt,SE Brazil,demonstrate Laurentian affinity of the Embu Terrane which is statistically distinct from the adjoining Apiaíand São Roque terranes with cratonic affinity(e.g.,São Francisco Craton).Zircon provenance results indicate that the type-area of the Embu Terrane is dominated by detrital zircon age modes at ca.1200 Ma,1400 Ma,and 1800 Ma,with maximum depositional age of ca.1000 Ma.In contrast,the Apiaíand São Roque terranes are dominated by Paleoproterozoic detrital zircon ages(ca.2200-2000 Ma age dominant component),with maximum depositional ages of ca.1400 Ma and 1750 Ma,respectively.Multidimensional scaling(MDS)analysis of non-parametric similarity measurements on zircon age populations indicates for the first time that the Embu Terrane encompass two statistically distinct detrital zircon age spectra,which is also reflected in the metamorphic zircon age record.The statistical characterization of the Embu Terrane through populational metrics allow a quantitative comparison with surrounding tectonic domains and rock samples classified such as Embu-type.Our results clearly highlight the distinction between the statistically differentiated Embu Terrane from the Apiaíand São Roque terranes,supporting an allochthonous interpretation.In addition,we demonstrate that rocks samples previously classified as Embu-type are significantly dissimilar to the definition of Embu Terrane,failing to support alternative tectonic models(e.g.,intracontinental evolution).Detrital zircon age spectra reveal that the Apiaíand São Roque terranes have similar zircon provenance to domains sourced from the São Francisco Craton,whereas detrital zircon populations from the Embu Terrane have greater affinity with SW Laurentia basins(and their inferred sediment sources),consistent with previous findings.Therefore,we interpret the Embu Terrane as a Rodinia descendant developed along the active margin of the SW Laurentia that collided with 展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</str...<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Breast cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in Cameroon. The objective was to analyse consultation, diagnosis and treatment delays for breast cancer among patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) in Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials</span></b> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></b> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study carried out from the files of patients followed up for breast cancer at the YGH from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2018. A total of 183 patients were included. We measured time elapsed between the awareness of first signs of disease and the in</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tial consultation (consultation delays), time lapse between the initial consultation and pathological diagnosis of breast cancer (diagnosis delays), interval between pathological diagnosis and treatment onset (treatment delays), time elapsed between the initial consultation and management (health system delays) and time elapsed from awareness of first signs of disease to treatment onset (overall delays). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><展开更多
<b><span>Objective:</span></b><span> This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients </span>&...<b><span>Objective:</span></b><span> This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients </span><span>attending Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital (LUMHS)</span><span>, Jamshoro, Pakistan.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methodology:</span></b><span> This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department of LUMHS hospital over a period of six months. All patients (6</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>40 years of age) who had a history of dental trauma and attending dental OPD were included in this study. The data for all patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Data were collected on age, gender, place of trauma (playground, road, home), cause of trauma (fall, playing, road accident, bicycle accident, collisions, fighting) and associated symptoms. The data w</span><span>ere</span><span> analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Mean and the standard deviation w</span><span>as </span><span>computed for a quantitative variable like age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, risk factors, and pattern of trauma. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> A total of 82 patients were enrolled. The most frequent age group involved was 13</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>20 years (46%) with males (58.5%) predominance. The majority of trauma cases were due to fall (36.6%) while playing and 19.5% were bicycle accidents. The most commonly affected tooth was right maxillary central incisor (46.6%) followed by left maxillary central incisor (28.4%). Of the 116 teeth examined, 56.0% had a complicated crown fracture and 44.0% had an uncomplicated crown fracture</span><span>. </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> </span><span>Safety measures should be implemented where dental traumatic accidents occur most frequently like </span><span>at</span><span> </span><span>home and on the roads.</span>展开更多
The internet of things(IoT)has a wide variety of applications,which in turn raisesmany challenging issues.IoT technology enables devices to closely monitor their environment,providing context-aware intelligence based ...The internet of things(IoT)has a wide variety of applications,which in turn raisesmany challenging issues.IoT technology enables devices to closely monitor their environment,providing context-aware intelligence based on the real-time data collected by their sensor nodes.The IoT not only controls these devices but also monitors their user’s behaviour.One of the major issues related to IoT is the need for an energy-efficient communication protocol which uses the heterogeneity and diversity of the objects connected through the internet.Minimizing energy consumption is a requirement for energyconstrained nodes and outsourced nodes.The IoT nodes deployed in different geographical regions typically have different energy levels.This paper focuses on creating an energy-efficient protocol for IoTwhich can deal with the clustering of nodes and the cluster head selection process.An energy thresholdmodel is developed to select the appropriate cluster heads and also to ensure uniform distribution of energy to those heads andmember nodes.The proposed model envisages an IoT network with three different types of nodes,described here as advanced,intermediate and normal nodes.Normal nodes are first-level nodes,which have the lowest energy use;intermediate nodes are second-level nodes,which have a medium energy requirement;and the advanced class are thirdlevel nodes with the highest energy use.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms.In tests,it shows a 26%improvement in network lifetime compared with existing algorithms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells(hASCs)are one of the most useful types of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells,which are adult multipotent cells with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of seve...BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells(hASCs)are one of the most useful types of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells,which are adult multipotent cells with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases.However,for successful clinical application,it is critical that high-quality cells can be obtained.Diverse factors seem to be able to influence cell quality and performance,especially factors related to donors’intrinsic characteristics,such as age.Nevertheless,there is no consensus regarding this characteristic,and there is conflicting information in the literature.AIM To investigate the growth kinetics and differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from the lipoaspirates of elderly and young donors.METHODS hASCs were harvested from liposuctioned adipose tissue obtained from female donors(aged 20-70 years).Cells were distributed into two groups according to age range:old hASCs(oASCs,≥55 years,n=9)and young hASCs(yASCs,≤35 years,n=9).For each group,immunophenotypic characterization was performed by flow cytometry.Population doubling time was assessed over seven days.For adipogenic potential evaluation,lipid deposits were assessed after 7 d,14 d and 21 d of adipogenic induction.Osteogenic potential was verified by analyzing cell mineralization after 14 d,21 d and 28 d of osteogenic induction.mRNA expression of PPARγ2,CEBPA and Runx2 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS hASCs were successfully obtained,cultured,and grouped according to their age:yASCs(26.33±4.66 years old)and oASCs(64.78±4.58 years old).After maintenance of the cells in culture,there were no differences in morphology between cells from the young and old donors.Additionally,both groups showed classical immunophenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.The average doubling time indicated that yASCs(4.09±0.94 d)did not significantly differ from oASCs(4.19±1.29 d).Concerning differentiation potential,after adipogenic and osteogeni展开更多
The rise in antimicrobial resistance increases researchers’ interest </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> medicinal plants...The rise in antimicrobial resistance increases researchers’ interest </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> medicinal plants used for traditional treatment of infectious diseases. The study is based on ten (10) medicinal plants mostly cited in the treatment of diarrhea in West Africa: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Khaya senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Anacardium ouest</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cassia sieberiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> DC., </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pterocarpus erinaceus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Diospyros mespiliformis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ocimum gratissimum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Manihot esculenta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Vernonia amygdalina Delile</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pseudocedrela kotschyi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Daniellia oliveri</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The objective is to make a review on ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, toxicological and chemical data that enhance these medicinal plants in the fight against diarrheal infections. Specific keywords were used for bibliographic rese展开更多
This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer in a group of patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective review of records of patients managed for breast can...This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer in a group of patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective review of records of patients managed for breast cancer between 1995 and 2007 was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Survival analysis was carried out with survival defined as the time between the date of unequivocal diagnosis of cancer and the date of last follow-up or death. Survival curves were plotted in R.3.1.1 software. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.36 years. Most of the patients (67.9%) presented with advanced breast cancer disease (stage III and IV). Overall patient survival rate was 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years. Median overall survival time was 2 (1.9 - 3) years. There was a correlation between survival and the stage of disease. The highest survival rates were recorded in stages I and II while the lowest rates were recorded in stage IV. There was no statistically significant difference in survival among the age groups (p = 0.15). Overall survival rates of breast cancer are 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years among Cameroonian patients and are lower compared with 90% and 82% respectively at 5 years and 10 years in some developed countries.展开更多
Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) can cause an adverse impact on women's physical and mental health. There was lack of published data in Chinese population particularly on studying the risk of ...Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) can cause an adverse impact on women's physical and mental health. There was lack of published data in Chinese population particularly on studying the risk of OASIS for nonrotational outlet forceps. This study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of OASIS. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study carried out in a tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. The control group was selected randomly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on OASIS. This study reviewed the obstetric records of OASIS women and random control from January 2011 to June 2014. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on OASIS. Results: Of 15,446 women delivered, 49 had OASIS. The percentage of OASIS increased from 0.3% (2011) to 0.38% (2014). There was an increasing trend of OASIS in attempted spontaneous vaginal delivery without episiotorny (P 〈 0.01)~ but it did not increase the OASIS risk (P = 0.46). Univariate analysis of 49 cases and 438 control subjects showed that forceps delivery (odds ratio [OR] -8.73, P 〈 0.01 ), prolong second stage of labor (OR = 1.43, P 〈 0.01) increased the risk lbr OASIS. In multivariate regression models, only lbrceps delivery (OR = 6.28, P 〈 0.01) proved to be independent risk factor. Conclusions: The incidence of OASIS in Chinese women was increased alter 2012, but still lower than the reported figures in the literature. Outlet forceps delivery could be a possible associated risk factor.展开更多
Emphysematous gastritis (or phlegmonous gastritis) and gastric emphysema (or gastric pneumatosis) are variations of conditions associated with the presence of intramural air in the stomach. The presence of air in the ...Emphysematous gastritis (or phlegmonous gastritis) and gastric emphysema (or gastric pneumatosis) are variations of conditions associated with the presence of intramural air in the stomach. The presence of air in the gastric wall is a very rare clinical condition, associated with bacterial infection, increased intragastric pressure from gastric outlet obstruction, gastric mucosal disruption or air dissection from the mediastinum. In adults, this can occur in the setting of instrumentation-related injury, gastric outlet obstruction by gastric, duodenal or pancreatic malignancies or bowel ischemia. Here we describe a case of gastric emphysema related to repeated biliary stenting and partial duodenal obstruction in a patient with inoperable periampullary cancer, and provide the first description of the endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of gastric emphysema in the literature. In our case, endoscopic ultrasound showed a band of bright echogenicity arising from the submucosa layer, representing air in the gastric wall.展开更多
Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women...Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women appropriate and effective treatment for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the primary experience of management of CIN by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) in a low resource country. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. Results: Twenty three cases of CIN were treated by LEEP. Mean age of patients was 40.5 ± 9.9 years. Six (26.1%) patients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). LEEP was indicated in 21 (91.30%) cases for CIN2 and CIN3. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 10 ± 3 minutes. There was one (4.3%) complication (persistent cervical bleeding). Surgical margins were negative for dysplasia or invasive carcinoma in 18 (78.26%) cases and non-applicable in 5 (21.73%) cases (thermal artefacts of margins and cervicitis without CIN). One patient with micro invasive carcinoma on post-operative histology was treated by total hysterectomy. Cervical cytology was normal at 6 months post LEEP for 15 cases out of 16 (93.8%) patients who performed the test. One woman achieved pregnancy and delivered a term baby. Conclusion: Treatment of CIN by LEEP is feasible, safe and effective in our setting.展开更多
AIM: To analyze hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific immune responses in chronically infected patients under triple therapy with interferon-α (IFN-α) plus ribavirin and CIGB-230.
文摘In plants, anisotropic cell expansion depends on cortical microtubules that serve as tracks along which macromolecules and vesicles are transported by the motor kinesins of unknown identities. We used cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers that underwent robust elongation to discover kinesins that are involved in cell elongation and found Gh KINESIN-4A expressed abundantly. The motor was detected by immunofluores- cence on vesicle-like structures that were associated with cortical microtubules. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the orthologous motor At KINESIN-4A/FRA1, previously implicated in cellulose deposition during second- ary growth in fiber cells, was examined by live-cell imaging in cells expressing the fluorescently tagged functional protein. The motor decorated vesicle-like particles that exhibit a linear movement along cortical microtubules with an average velocity of 0.89 l^m/min, which was significantly different from those linked to cellulose biosynthesis. We also discovered that At KINESIN-4A/FRA1 and the related At KINESIN-4C play redundant roles in cell wall mechanics, cell elongation, and the axial growth of various vegetative and reproductive organs, as the loss of At KINESIN-4C greatly enhanced the defects caused by a null mutation at the KINESIN-4A/FRA 1 locus. The double mutant displayed a lack of cell wall softening at normal stages of rapid cell elongation. Furthermore, enhanced deposition of arabinose-containing carbohydrate was detected in the kinesin-4 mutants. Our findings established a connection between the Kinesin-4-based transport of cargoes containing non-cellulosic components along cortical microtubules and cell wall mechanics and cell elongation in flowering plants.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools.Accordingly,in various biological contexts,EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation,senescence,and cell proliferation and differentiation.Therefore,EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy.Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells(hPSC-EVs),even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability.In this review article,we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs,focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs,how they are characterized,and applications already demonstrated.The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.
基金the Australian Research Council(grant FL160100168 to PAC)the CNPq fellowship(307732/2019-3)+2 种基金FAPESP(grant 2018/10012-0)CNPq(grants 305701/2019-3,443439/2014-1)FAPESP(grants 01/13457-1,06/01327-0).
文摘New and compiled detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the southern Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Ribeira Belt,SE Brazil,demonstrate Laurentian affinity of the Embu Terrane which is statistically distinct from the adjoining Apiaíand São Roque terranes with cratonic affinity(e.g.,São Francisco Craton).Zircon provenance results indicate that the type-area of the Embu Terrane is dominated by detrital zircon age modes at ca.1200 Ma,1400 Ma,and 1800 Ma,with maximum depositional age of ca.1000 Ma.In contrast,the Apiaíand São Roque terranes are dominated by Paleoproterozoic detrital zircon ages(ca.2200-2000 Ma age dominant component),with maximum depositional ages of ca.1400 Ma and 1750 Ma,respectively.Multidimensional scaling(MDS)analysis of non-parametric similarity measurements on zircon age populations indicates for the first time that the Embu Terrane encompass two statistically distinct detrital zircon age spectra,which is also reflected in the metamorphic zircon age record.The statistical characterization of the Embu Terrane through populational metrics allow a quantitative comparison with surrounding tectonic domains and rock samples classified such as Embu-type.Our results clearly highlight the distinction between the statistically differentiated Embu Terrane from the Apiaíand São Roque terranes,supporting an allochthonous interpretation.In addition,we demonstrate that rocks samples previously classified as Embu-type are significantly dissimilar to the definition of Embu Terrane,failing to support alternative tectonic models(e.g.,intracontinental evolution).Detrital zircon age spectra reveal that the Apiaíand São Roque terranes have similar zircon provenance to domains sourced from the São Francisco Craton,whereas detrital zircon populations from the Embu Terrane have greater affinity with SW Laurentia basins(and their inferred sediment sources),consistent with previous findings.Therefore,we interpret the Embu Terrane as a Rodinia descendant developed along the active margin of the SW Laurentia that collided with
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Breast cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in Cameroon. The objective was to analyse consultation, diagnosis and treatment delays for breast cancer among patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) in Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials</span></b> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></b> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional study carried out from the files of patients followed up for breast cancer at the YGH from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2018. A total of 183 patients were included. We measured time elapsed between the awareness of first signs of disease and the in</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tial consultation (consultation delays), time lapse between the initial consultation and pathological diagnosis of breast cancer (diagnosis delays), interval between pathological diagnosis and treatment onset (treatment delays), time elapsed between the initial consultation and management (health system delays) and time elapsed from awareness of first signs of disease to treatment onset (overall delays). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><
文摘<b><span>Objective:</span></b><span> This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients </span><span>attending Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital (LUMHS)</span><span>, Jamshoro, Pakistan.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methodology:</span></b><span> This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department of LUMHS hospital over a period of six months. All patients (6</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>40 years of age) who had a history of dental trauma and attending dental OPD were included in this study. The data for all patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Data were collected on age, gender, place of trauma (playground, road, home), cause of trauma (fall, playing, road accident, bicycle accident, collisions, fighting) and associated symptoms. The data w</span><span>ere</span><span> analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Mean and the standard deviation w</span><span>as </span><span>computed for a quantitative variable like age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, risk factors, and pattern of trauma. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> A total of 82 patients were enrolled. The most frequent age group involved was 13</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>20 years (46%) with males (58.5%) predominance. The majority of trauma cases were due to fall (36.6%) while playing and 19.5% were bicycle accidents. The most commonly affected tooth was right maxillary central incisor (46.6%) followed by left maxillary central incisor (28.4%). Of the 116 teeth examined, 56.0% had a complicated crown fracture and 44.0% had an uncomplicated crown fracture</span><span>. </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> </span><span>Safety measures should be implemented where dental traumatic accidents occur most frequently like </span><span>at</span><span> </span><span>home and on the roads.</span>
文摘The internet of things(IoT)has a wide variety of applications,which in turn raisesmany challenging issues.IoT technology enables devices to closely monitor their environment,providing context-aware intelligence based on the real-time data collected by their sensor nodes.The IoT not only controls these devices but also monitors their user’s behaviour.One of the major issues related to IoT is the need for an energy-efficient communication protocol which uses the heterogeneity and diversity of the objects connected through the internet.Minimizing energy consumption is a requirement for energyconstrained nodes and outsourced nodes.The IoT nodes deployed in different geographical regions typically have different energy levels.This paper focuses on creating an energy-efficient protocol for IoTwhich can deal with the clustering of nodes and the cluster head selection process.An energy thresholdmodel is developed to select the appropriate cluster heads and also to ensure uniform distribution of energy to those heads andmember nodes.The proposed model envisages an IoT network with three different types of nodes,described here as advanced,intermediate and normal nodes.Normal nodes are first-level nodes,which have the lowest energy use;intermediate nodes are second-level nodes,which have a medium energy requirement;and the advanced class are thirdlevel nodes with the highest energy use.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms.In tests,it shows a 26%improvement in network lifetime compared with existing algorithms.
基金Supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,No.442353/2019-7 and No.442375/2019-0.
文摘BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells(hASCs)are one of the most useful types of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells,which are adult multipotent cells with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases.However,for successful clinical application,it is critical that high-quality cells can be obtained.Diverse factors seem to be able to influence cell quality and performance,especially factors related to donors’intrinsic characteristics,such as age.Nevertheless,there is no consensus regarding this characteristic,and there is conflicting information in the literature.AIM To investigate the growth kinetics and differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from the lipoaspirates of elderly and young donors.METHODS hASCs were harvested from liposuctioned adipose tissue obtained from female donors(aged 20-70 years).Cells were distributed into two groups according to age range:old hASCs(oASCs,≥55 years,n=9)and young hASCs(yASCs,≤35 years,n=9).For each group,immunophenotypic characterization was performed by flow cytometry.Population doubling time was assessed over seven days.For adipogenic potential evaluation,lipid deposits were assessed after 7 d,14 d and 21 d of adipogenic induction.Osteogenic potential was verified by analyzing cell mineralization after 14 d,21 d and 28 d of osteogenic induction.mRNA expression of PPARγ2,CEBPA and Runx2 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS hASCs were successfully obtained,cultured,and grouped according to their age:yASCs(26.33±4.66 years old)and oASCs(64.78±4.58 years old).After maintenance of the cells in culture,there were no differences in morphology between cells from the young and old donors.Additionally,both groups showed classical immunophenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.The average doubling time indicated that yASCs(4.09±0.94 d)did not significantly differ from oASCs(4.19±1.29 d).Concerning differentiation potential,after adipogenic and osteogeni
文摘The rise in antimicrobial resistance increases researchers’ interest </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> medicinal plants used for traditional treatment of infectious diseases. The study is based on ten (10) medicinal plants mostly cited in the treatment of diarrhea in West Africa: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Khaya senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Anacardium ouest</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cassia sieberiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> DC., </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pterocarpus erinaceus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Diospyros mespiliformis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ocimum gratissimum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Manihot esculenta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Vernonia amygdalina Delile</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pseudocedrela kotschyi</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Daniellia oliveri</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The objective is to make a review on ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, toxicological and chemical data that enhance these medicinal plants in the fight against diarrheal infections. Specific keywords were used for bibliographic rese
文摘This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer in a group of patients followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. A retrospective review of records of patients managed for breast cancer between 1995 and 2007 was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Survival analysis was carried out with survival defined as the time between the date of unequivocal diagnosis of cancer and the date of last follow-up or death. Survival curves were plotted in R.3.1.1 software. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.36 years. Most of the patients (67.9%) presented with advanced breast cancer disease (stage III and IV). Overall patient survival rate was 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years. Median overall survival time was 2 (1.9 - 3) years. There was a correlation between survival and the stage of disease. The highest survival rates were recorded in stages I and II while the lowest rates were recorded in stage IV. There was no statistically significant difference in survival among the age groups (p = 0.15). Overall survival rates of breast cancer are 30% at 5 years and 13.2% at 10 years among Cameroonian patients and are lower compared with 90% and 82% respectively at 5 years and 10 years in some developed countries.
文摘Background: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) can cause an adverse impact on women's physical and mental health. There was lack of published data in Chinese population particularly on studying the risk of OASIS for nonrotational outlet forceps. This study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of OASIS. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study carried out in a tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. The control group was selected randomly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on OASIS. This study reviewed the obstetric records of OASIS women and random control from January 2011 to June 2014. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on OASIS. Results: Of 15,446 women delivered, 49 had OASIS. The percentage of OASIS increased from 0.3% (2011) to 0.38% (2014). There was an increasing trend of OASIS in attempted spontaneous vaginal delivery without episiotorny (P 〈 0.01)~ but it did not increase the OASIS risk (P = 0.46). Univariate analysis of 49 cases and 438 control subjects showed that forceps delivery (odds ratio [OR] -8.73, P 〈 0.01 ), prolong second stage of labor (OR = 1.43, P 〈 0.01) increased the risk lbr OASIS. In multivariate regression models, only lbrceps delivery (OR = 6.28, P 〈 0.01) proved to be independent risk factor. Conclusions: The incidence of OASIS in Chinese women was increased alter 2012, but still lower than the reported figures in the literature. Outlet forceps delivery could be a possible associated risk factor.
文摘Emphysematous gastritis (or phlegmonous gastritis) and gastric emphysema (or gastric pneumatosis) are variations of conditions associated with the presence of intramural air in the stomach. The presence of air in the gastric wall is a very rare clinical condition, associated with bacterial infection, increased intragastric pressure from gastric outlet obstruction, gastric mucosal disruption or air dissection from the mediastinum. In adults, this can occur in the setting of instrumentation-related injury, gastric outlet obstruction by gastric, duodenal or pancreatic malignancies or bowel ischemia. Here we describe a case of gastric emphysema related to repeated biliary stenting and partial duodenal obstruction in a patient with inoperable periampullary cancer, and provide the first description of the endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of gastric emphysema in the literature. In our case, endoscopic ultrasound showed a band of bright echogenicity arising from the submucosa layer, representing air in the gastric wall.
文摘Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women appropriate and effective treatment for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the primary experience of management of CIN by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) in a low resource country. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. Results: Twenty three cases of CIN were treated by LEEP. Mean age of patients was 40.5 ± 9.9 years. Six (26.1%) patients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). LEEP was indicated in 21 (91.30%) cases for CIN2 and CIN3. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 10 ± 3 minutes. There was one (4.3%) complication (persistent cervical bleeding). Surgical margins were negative for dysplasia or invasive carcinoma in 18 (78.26%) cases and non-applicable in 5 (21.73%) cases (thermal artefacts of margins and cervicitis without CIN). One patient with micro invasive carcinoma on post-operative histology was treated by total hysterectomy. Cervical cytology was normal at 6 months post LEEP for 15 cases out of 16 (93.8%) patients who performed the test. One woman achieved pregnancy and delivered a term baby. Conclusion: Treatment of CIN by LEEP is feasible, safe and effective in our setting.
文摘AIM: To analyze hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific immune responses in chronically infected patients under triple therapy with interferon-α (IFN-α) plus ribavirin and CIGB-230.