AIM: To compare the diagnostic ability of glaucoma parameters measured by the optical coherence tomography(OCT) in normal, preperimetric glaucoma(PPG) and perimetric glaucoma(PG) patients. METHODS: This cross-sectiona...AIM: To compare the diagnostic ability of glaucoma parameters measured by the optical coherence tomography(OCT) in normal, preperimetric glaucoma(PPG) and perimetric glaucoma(PG) patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study includes 127 eyes of 127 subjects. Patients were divided into PPG(51 eyes), PG(46 eyes), and normal controls(30 eyes) based on clinical optic disc assessment and Humphrey visual field changes. The Heidelberg Spectralis OCT machine using Glaucoma Module Premium Edition software was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) and Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width(BMO-MRW) to assess the optic nerve head and ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness in the macula. RESULTS: RNFL, MRW, and GCL thickness were all significantly thinner in PG compared to PPG and the normal group. The BMO-MRW parameters showed better specificity(>70%) at 90% specificity compared to both RNFL and GCL parameters to discriminate normal, PPG, and PG patients. All BMO-MRW parameters showed higher area under curves(AUC) compared to RNFL and GCL parameters with the highest AUC observed in the superotemporal sector of the BMO-MRW(AUC=0.819 and and 0.897 between normal and PPG and PG groups respectively).CONCLUSION: While the BMO-MRW best discriminates PPG and PG against normal eyes, GCL parameters poorly differentiate the three groups.展开更多
AIM: To investigate dose-dependent effects of N-methylD-aspartate(NMDA) on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats, 180-250 g in weight were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 and...AIM: To investigate dose-dependent effects of N-methylD-aspartate(NMDA) on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats, 180-250 g in weight were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were intravitreally administered with vehicle and NMDA at the doses 80, 160 and 320 nmol respectively. Seven days after injection, rats were euthanized, and their eyes were taken for optic nerve toluidine blue and retinal hematoxylin and eosin stainings. The TUNEL assay was done for detecting apoptotic cells.RESULTS: All groups treated with NMDA showed significantly reduced ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness within inner retina, as compared to control group. Group NMDA 160 nmol showed a significantly greater GCL thickness than the group NMDA 320 nmol. Administration of NMDA also resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the number of nuclei both per 100 μm GCL length and per 100 μm2 of GCL. Intravitreal NMDA injection caused dosedependent damage to the optic nerve. The degeneration of nerve fibres with increased clearing of cytoplasm was observed more prominently as the NMDA dose increased. In accordance with the results of retinal morphometry analysis and optic nerve grading, TUNEL staining demonstrated NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate dose-dependent effects of NMDA on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats that may be attributed to differences in the severity of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Our results also suggest that care should be taken while making dose selections experimentally so that the choice might best uphold study objectives.展开更多
基金Supported by Norshamsiah Md Din receives funding from the UKMMC Fundamental Research Grant (No.FF-2017-169)Yusof AMZ receives a Masters scholarship funded by the Government of Malaysia。
文摘AIM: To compare the diagnostic ability of glaucoma parameters measured by the optical coherence tomography(OCT) in normal, preperimetric glaucoma(PPG) and perimetric glaucoma(PG) patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study includes 127 eyes of 127 subjects. Patients were divided into PPG(51 eyes), PG(46 eyes), and normal controls(30 eyes) based on clinical optic disc assessment and Humphrey visual field changes. The Heidelberg Spectralis OCT machine using Glaucoma Module Premium Edition software was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) and Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width(BMO-MRW) to assess the optic nerve head and ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness in the macula. RESULTS: RNFL, MRW, and GCL thickness were all significantly thinner in PG compared to PPG and the normal group. The BMO-MRW parameters showed better specificity(>70%) at 90% specificity compared to both RNFL and GCL parameters to discriminate normal, PPG, and PG patients. All BMO-MRW parameters showed higher area under curves(AUC) compared to RNFL and GCL parameters with the highest AUC observed in the superotemporal sector of the BMO-MRW(AUC=0.819 and and 0.897 between normal and PPG and PG groups respectively).CONCLUSION: While the BMO-MRW best discriminates PPG and PG against normal eyes, GCL parameters poorly differentiate the three groups.
基金Supported by Universiti Teknologi MARA [No.600-IRMI/MYRA5/3/BESTARI (004/2017) No.600IRMI/DANA5/3/LESTARI (0076/2016) No.600-IRMI/ My RA5/3/LESTARI (0088/2016)]
文摘AIM: To investigate dose-dependent effects of N-methylD-aspartate(NMDA) on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats, 180-250 g in weight were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were intravitreally administered with vehicle and NMDA at the doses 80, 160 and 320 nmol respectively. Seven days after injection, rats were euthanized, and their eyes were taken for optic nerve toluidine blue and retinal hematoxylin and eosin stainings. The TUNEL assay was done for detecting apoptotic cells.RESULTS: All groups treated with NMDA showed significantly reduced ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness within inner retina, as compared to control group. Group NMDA 160 nmol showed a significantly greater GCL thickness than the group NMDA 320 nmol. Administration of NMDA also resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the number of nuclei both per 100 μm GCL length and per 100 μm2 of GCL. Intravitreal NMDA injection caused dosedependent damage to the optic nerve. The degeneration of nerve fibres with increased clearing of cytoplasm was observed more prominently as the NMDA dose increased. In accordance with the results of retinal morphometry analysis and optic nerve grading, TUNEL staining demonstrated NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate dose-dependent effects of NMDA on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats that may be attributed to differences in the severity of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Our results also suggest that care should be taken while making dose selections experimentally so that the choice might best uphold study objectives.
