Shuxuetong injection composed of leech(Hirudo nipponica Whitman) and earthworm(Pheretima aspergillum) has been used for the clinical treatment of acute stroke for many years in China. However, the precise neuroprotect...Shuxuetong injection composed of leech(Hirudo nipponica Whitman) and earthworm(Pheretima aspergillum) has been used for the clinical treatment of acute stroke for many years in China. However, the precise neuroprotective mechanism of Shuxuetong injection remains poorly understood. Here, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells(bEnd.3) were incubated in glucose-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 95% N_2/5% CO_2 for 6 hours, followed by high-glucose medium containing 95% O_2 and 5% CO_2 for 18 hours to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. This in vitro cell model was administered Shuxuetong injection at 1/32, 1/64, and 1/128 concentrations(diluted 32-, 64-, and 128-times). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. A fluorescence method was used to measure lactate dehydrogenase, and a fluorescence microplate reader used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species. A fluorescent probe was also used to measure mitochondrial superoxide production. A cell resistance meter was used to measure transepithelial resistance and examine integrity of monolayer cells. The fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran test was performed to examine blood-brain barrier permeability. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Western blot assay was performed to analyze expression of caspase-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, occludin, vascular endothelial growth factor, cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB p65, I kappa B alpha, phosphorylated I kappa B alpha, I kappa B kinase, phosphorylated I kappa B kinase, claudin-5, and zonula occludens-1. Our results show that Shuxuetong injection increases bEnd.3 cell viability and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, reduce展开更多
Objective： Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play an important part in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury, resulting in neuronal death. Salvianolate Lyophili...Objective： Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play an important part in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury, resulting in neuronal death. Salvianolate Lyophilized Injection （SLI） and Xueshuantong Injection （Lyophilized） （XST）, which have been widely used in the treatment of acutely cerebral infarction clinically in China, exhibit various biological activities. In this study, the neuroprotective properties of SLI combined with XST in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion- reperfusion （MCAO/R） were investigated. Methods： In this study, male Wistar rats were subjected to 1.5h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The rats were randomly divided into the following six groups： normal group （NOR）, model group （MOD）, SLI group （21 mg/kg, SLI）, ）（ST group （100 mg/kg, ）（ST）, SLI combined with XST （XST 100 mg/kg ＋ SLI 21 mg/kg, 1X1S）, and Edaravone （as a positive control drug, 6 mL/kg, EDI）, once a day for 3 d. The neuronal injury, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （IBA-1）, and the changes of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin- 6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 （IL-10） were observed. Results： 1X1S treatment significantly increased the number of neuron, compared with the MOD group, SH group and XST group. Gliosis （GFAP and IBA-1） and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-a were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, 1XIS significantly increased the expression of anti- inflammatory mediator IL-10 in the brains of MCAO/R rats, compared with the MOD group, SLI and XST groups. SLI and XST also remarkably down-regulated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the MOD group. Conclusions： This study shows that SLI combined with XST （1X1S） can protect cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury due to it展开更多
Background:Choerospondias axillaris(CA)is a traditional Mongolian medicine that has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect on cerebrovascular disease.Cerebral Ischemia(CI)is a severe and life-threatening cerebr...Background:Choerospondias axillaris(CA)is a traditional Mongolian medicine that has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect on cerebrovascular disease.Cerebral Ischemia(CI)is a severe and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease.However,the specific mechanism of action of CA in the treatment of CI is still unclear.Methods:In this study,the related targets and pathways of CA in the treatment of CI were first predicted by system pharmacology and then verified by relevant experiments.Results:The results showed that 12 active ingredients and 208 targets were selected.Further validation through protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis and active ingredients-target-pathway(A-T-P)network analysis has confirmed the pivotal roles of the main bioactive constituents,including quercetin,kaempferol,naringin,β-sitosterol,and gallic acid.These components exert their anti-ischemic effects by modulating key targets such as IL6,TNF,MAPK3,and CASP3,thereby regulating the PI3K-Akt,HIF-1,and MAPK signaling pathways,which are integral to processes like inflammation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress.More importantly,through experimental verification,this study confirmed our prediction that CAE significantly reduced neurological function scores,infarct volume,and the percentage of apoptosis neurons.Conclusion:This indicates that CA acts on CI through multi-target synergistic mechanism,and this study provides theoretical basis for the clinical application of CA.展开更多
The effect of prior corrosion on the mechanical properties of 7475-T761 aluminum alloy was investigated by immersion test, stress corrosion test, cathode charge method and electrochemical polarization test. Results sh...The effect of prior corrosion on the mechanical properties of 7475-T761 aluminum alloy was investigated by immersion test, stress corrosion test, cathode charge method and electrochemical polarization test. Results show that prior corrosion in the solution with 3 wt% NaC1 and 0.5 wt% H202 leads to mechanical properties deterioration of 7475-T761 aluminum alloy. Moreover, the elongation decreases significantly. This is mainly attributed to electrochemical corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement, in which corrosion plays a major role. Tensile stress promotes the degradation of the mechanical properties by accelerating the pitting corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.展开更多
Dear Editor,Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute pancreatic disease of variable severity and outcomes(Mederos et al.,2021).According to systemic and local complications,patients can be classified into severe,modera...Dear Editor,Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute pancreatic disease of variable severity and outcomes(Mederos et al.,2021).According to systemic and local complications,patients can be classified into severe,moderately severe,and mild AP(Banks et al.,2013).About 20%of AP patients develop severe acute pancreatitis(SAP,with persistent organ failures)of whom 20%–50%die.展开更多
The S–N curves of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy in laboratory air and in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were obtained by axial fatigue tests. Results show that the detrimental effect of the aggressive solution was not not...The S–N curves of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy in laboratory air and in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were obtained by axial fatigue tests. Results show that the detrimental effect of the aggressive solution was not noticeable at high-cyclic-stress regions, but the effect was significant at low-stress region. Corrosion fatigue mechanism was discussed by corrosion morphology analysis, fracture surface analysis and microstructure characterization. It was found that the corrosion fatigue crack commonly initialed at the localized intergranular corrosion site. TEM analysis showed that the microstructures of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy were characterized by fine and homogeneously distributed matrix precipitates, as well as continually distributed anodic grain boundary precipitates. The types of microstructures are the reason for its intergranular corrosion susceptibility. The corrosion fatigue process of 7A85 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution can be divided into four stages： the crack initiation stage, the stable growth stage with low and high growth rate and the final rupture stage. The sodium chloride solution mainly affected the crack initiation stage and the stable growth stage with low growth rate, and when the crack growth rate reached a threshold, the effect was reduced.展开更多
Pancreatic endocrine islets are vital for glucose homeostasis. However, the islet developmental trajectory and its regulatory network are not well understood. To define the features of these specification and differen...Pancreatic endocrine islets are vital for glucose homeostasis. However, the islet developmental trajectory and its regulatory network are not well understood. To define the features of these specification and differentiation processes, we isolated individual islet cells from TgBAC(neurod1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish and analyzed islet developmental dynamics across four different embryonic stages using a single-cell RNA-seq strategy. We identified proliferative endocrine progenitors, which could be further categorized by different cell cycle phases with the G1/S subpopulation displaying a distinct differentiation potential. We identified endocrine precursors, a heterogeneous intermediate-state population consisting of lineage-primed alpha, beta and delta cells that were characterized by the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors and relatively low expression of terminally differentiation markers. The terminally differentiated alpha, beta, and delta cells displayed stage-dependent differentiation states, which were related to their functional maturation. Our data unveiled distinct states, events and molecular features during the islet developmental transition, and provided resources to comprehensively understand the lineage hierarchy of islet development at the single-cell level.展开更多
为了解中国现存石松类和蕨类植物的灭绝风险,我们按照IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version3.1)首次开展了国家水平上的红色名录评估。三人评估小组通过查阅文献、标本以及向其他30位中国蕨类同行征询物种信息等途径,历经16...为了解中国现存石松类和蕨类植物的灭绝风险,我们按照IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version3.1)首次开展了国家水平上的红色名录评估。三人评估小组通过查阅文献、标本以及向其他30位中国蕨类同行征询物种信息等途径,历经16个月的时间完成了此次评估。经统计,中国目前所知的石松类和蕨类植物共计2,244种(包括亚种和变种,但不包括变型和杂交种)。评估结果为:极危(CR)43种(其中6种可能已经灭绝)、濒危(EN)68种、易危(VU)71种、近危(NT)66种、无危(LC)1,124种、数据缺乏(DD)872种。受威胁种类(包括VU、EN、CR)共计182种,其中79种为中国特有或准特有种。特有而又极度濒危的植物有24种,分别是梅山铁线蕨(Adiantum meishanianum)、荷叶铁线蕨(A.nelumboides)、秦氏莲座蕨(Angiopteris chingii)、壮乡铁角蕨(Asplenium cornutissimum)、海南实蕨(Bolbitis hainanensis)、直叶金发石杉(Huperzia quasipolytrichoides var.rectifolia)、东方水韭(Iso?tes orientalis)、台湾水韭(I.taiwanensis)、云贵水韭(I.yunguiensis)、台湾曲轴蕨(Paesia taiwanensis)、海南金星蕨(Parathelypteris subimmersa)、基羽鞭叶耳蕨(Polystichum basipinnatum)、洞生耳蕨(P.cavernicola)、微小耳蕨(P.minutissimum)、倒披针耳蕨(P.oblanceolatum)、岩穴耳蕨(P.speluncicola)、长柄新月蕨(Pronephrium longipetiolatum)、尾羽假毛蕨(Pseudocyclosorus caudipinnus)、罗浮牙蕨(Pteridrys lofouensis)、细叶凤尾蕨(Pteris angustipinna)、十字假瘤蕨(Selliguea cruciformis)、黑柄叉蕨(Tectaria ebenina)、河口叉蕨(T.hekouensis)和冈本氏岩蕨(Woodsia okamotoi),它们应予以最优先保护。目前的红色名录只是一个初步评估结果,若要得到一份更完整更准确的红色名录,我们还需要做进一步的信息收集和评估工作,特别要加强中国石松类和蕨类植物的分类学研究。今后评估工作中应重点关注的类群主要有莲座蕨属(Angiopteris)、铁角蕨属(Asple展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573644(to LMH),81573733(to SWX)the Tianjin 131 Innovative Team Project,China(to HW)+5 种基金the National Major Science and Technology Project of China,No.2012ZX09101201-004(to SWX)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Tianjin of China,No.16PTSYJC00120(to LMH)the Applied Foundation and Frontier Technology Research Program of Tianjin of China(General Project),No.14JCYBJC28900(to SXW)the National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China,No.2015DFA30430(to HW)the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.16ICZDJC36300(to HW)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China,No.14125008-2-5(to SXW)
文摘Shuxuetong injection composed of leech(Hirudo nipponica Whitman) and earthworm(Pheretima aspergillum) has been used for the clinical treatment of acute stroke for many years in China. However, the precise neuroprotective mechanism of Shuxuetong injection remains poorly understood. Here, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells(bEnd.3) were incubated in glucose-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 95% N_2/5% CO_2 for 6 hours, followed by high-glucose medium containing 95% O_2 and 5% CO_2 for 18 hours to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. This in vitro cell model was administered Shuxuetong injection at 1/32, 1/64, and 1/128 concentrations(diluted 32-, 64-, and 128-times). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. A fluorescence method was used to measure lactate dehydrogenase, and a fluorescence microplate reader used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species. A fluorescent probe was also used to measure mitochondrial superoxide production. A cell resistance meter was used to measure transepithelial resistance and examine integrity of monolayer cells. The fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran test was performed to examine blood-brain barrier permeability. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Western blot assay was performed to analyze expression of caspase-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, occludin, vascular endothelial growth factor, cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB p65, I kappa B alpha, phosphorylated I kappa B alpha, I kappa B kinase, phosphorylated I kappa B kinase, claudin-5, and zonula occludens-1. Our results show that Shuxuetong injection increases bEnd.3 cell viability and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, reduce
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (81573644)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (14JCYBJC28900)the Tianjin Technology Innovation System and the Condition of Platform Construction Plan (16PTSYJC00120)
文摘Objective： Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play an important part in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury, resulting in neuronal death. Salvianolate Lyophilized Injection （SLI） and Xueshuantong Injection （Lyophilized） （XST）, which have been widely used in the treatment of acutely cerebral infarction clinically in China, exhibit various biological activities. In this study, the neuroprotective properties of SLI combined with XST in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion- reperfusion （MCAO/R） were investigated. Methods： In this study, male Wistar rats were subjected to 1.5h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The rats were randomly divided into the following six groups： normal group （NOR）, model group （MOD）, SLI group （21 mg/kg, SLI）, ）（ST group （100 mg/kg, ）（ST）, SLI combined with XST （XST 100 mg/kg ＋ SLI 21 mg/kg, 1X1S）, and Edaravone （as a positive control drug, 6 mL/kg, EDI）, once a day for 3 d. The neuronal injury, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （IBA-1）, and the changes of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin- 6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 （IL-10） were observed. Results： 1X1S treatment significantly increased the number of neuron, compared with the MOD group, SH group and XST group. Gliosis （GFAP and IBA-1） and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-a were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, 1XIS significantly increased the expression of anti- inflammatory mediator IL-10 in the brains of MCAO/R rats, compared with the MOD group, SLI and XST groups. SLI and XST also remarkably down-regulated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the MOD group. Conclusions： This study shows that SLI combined with XST （1X1S） can protect cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury due to it
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,specifically through grants(No.8227431382074321).
文摘Background:Choerospondias axillaris(CA)is a traditional Mongolian medicine that has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect on cerebrovascular disease.Cerebral Ischemia(CI)is a severe and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease.However,the specific mechanism of action of CA in the treatment of CI is still unclear.Methods:In this study,the related targets and pathways of CA in the treatment of CI were first predicted by system pharmacology and then verified by relevant experiments.Results:The results showed that 12 active ingredients and 208 targets were selected.Further validation through protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis and active ingredients-target-pathway(A-T-P)network analysis has confirmed the pivotal roles of the main bioactive constituents,including quercetin,kaempferol,naringin,β-sitosterol,and gallic acid.These components exert their anti-ischemic effects by modulating key targets such as IL6,TNF,MAPK3,and CASP3,thereby regulating the PI3K-Akt,HIF-1,and MAPK signaling pathways,which are integral to processes like inflammation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress.More importantly,through experimental verification,this study confirmed our prediction that CAE significantly reduced neurological function scores,infarct volume,and the percentage of apoptosis neurons.Conclusion:This indicates that CA acts on CI through multi-target synergistic mechanism,and this study provides theoretical basis for the clinical application of CA.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51171154)the National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology,Nanchang Hangkong University(Grant No.gf 201401001)
文摘The effect of prior corrosion on the mechanical properties of 7475-T761 aluminum alloy was investigated by immersion test, stress corrosion test, cathode charge method and electrochemical polarization test. Results show that prior corrosion in the solution with 3 wt% NaC1 and 0.5 wt% H202 leads to mechanical properties deterioration of 7475-T761 aluminum alloy. Moreover, the elongation decreases significantly. This is mainly attributed to electrochemical corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement, in which corrosion plays a major role. Tensile stress promotes the degradation of the mechanical properties by accelerating the pitting corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170788)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-023)+1 种基金the National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project(ZK108000)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7232123)。
文摘Dear Editor,Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute pancreatic disease of variable severity and outcomes(Mederos et al.,2021).According to systemic and local complications,patients can be classified into severe,moderately severe,and mild AP(Banks et al.,2013).About 20%of AP patients develop severe acute pancreatitis(SAP,with persistent organ failures)of whom 20%–50%die.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51171154)the National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University (No. gf 201401001)
文摘The S–N curves of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy in laboratory air and in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were obtained by axial fatigue tests. Results show that the detrimental effect of the aggressive solution was not noticeable at high-cyclic-stress regions, but the effect was significant at low-stress region. Corrosion fatigue mechanism was discussed by corrosion morphology analysis, fracture surface analysis and microstructure characterization. It was found that the corrosion fatigue crack commonly initialed at the localized intergranular corrosion site. TEM analysis showed that the microstructures of 7A85-T7452 aluminum alloy were characterized by fine and homogeneously distributed matrix precipitates, as well as continually distributed anodic grain boundary precipitates. The types of microstructures are the reason for its intergranular corrosion susceptibility. The corrosion fatigue process of 7A85 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution can be divided into four stages： the crack initiation stage, the stable growth stage with low and high growth rate and the final rupture stage. The sodium chloride solution mainly affected the crack initiation stage and the stable growth stage with low growth rate, and when the crack growth rate reached a threshold, the effect was reduced.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB942800)the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Stem Cell and Translational Research (2016YFA0100500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(3187145 31671500, 31730060, and 81371264).
文摘Pancreatic endocrine islets are vital for glucose homeostasis. However, the islet developmental trajectory and its regulatory network are not well understood. To define the features of these specification and differentiation processes, we isolated individual islet cells from TgBAC(neurod1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish and analyzed islet developmental dynamics across four different embryonic stages using a single-cell RNA-seq strategy. We identified proliferative endocrine progenitors, which could be further categorized by different cell cycle phases with the G1/S subpopulation displaying a distinct differentiation potential. We identified endocrine precursors, a heterogeneous intermediate-state population consisting of lineage-primed alpha, beta and delta cells that were characterized by the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors and relatively low expression of terminally differentiation markers. The terminally differentiated alpha, beta, and delta cells displayed stage-dependent differentiation states, which were related to their functional maturation. Our data unveiled distinct states, events and molecular features during the islet developmental transition, and provided resources to comprehensively understand the lineage hierarchy of islet development at the single-cell level.
