Male reproductive development is a complex biological process which includes the formation of the stamen with differentiated anther tissues, in which microspores/pollens are generated, then anther dehiscence and subse...Male reproductive development is a complex biological process which includes the formation of the stamen with differentiated anther tissues, in which microspores/pollens are generated, then anther dehiscence and subsequently pollination. Stamen specification and anther development involve a number of extraordinary events such as meristem transition, cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication, etc., which need the cooperative interaction of sporophytic and gametophytic genes. The advent of various tools for rice functional gene identification, such as complete genome sequence, genome-wide microarrays, collections of mutants, has greatly facilitated our understanding of mechanisms of rice stamen specification and anther development. Male sterile lines are critical for hybrid rice breeding, therefore understanding these processes will not only contribute greatly to the basic knowledge of crop developmental biology, but also to the development of new varieties for hybrid rice breeding in the future.展开更多
Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yie...Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.展开更多
化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂...化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂,同时不用地膜、人工合成激素、转基因种子生产优质安全食品,并在线上与线下销售.10年的长期实验结果表明,所在村庄农田生态环境改善,减少农药用量58.3%;物理+生物控虫效果明显,每盏灯年捕获量从2009年的33 kg下降到2014年的2.1 kg,下降93.8%;年消耗秸秆1000 t,秸秆利用率从1.1%提高到62.5%.有机肥还田提高了土壤生物多样性,有机果园蚯蚓数量317条m^(-2),而普通果园只有16条m^(-2);大量有机肥还田(75 t hm^(-2)),土壤有机质从实验初期的0.7%提高到2.4%.粮食产量从最初的11.43 t hm^(-2)提高到目前的17.43 t hm^(-2),其中冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)、夏玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)产量分别超出山东省平均水平42.6%,60.9%,32.2%和38.1%.由于质量好,产品已销售往除西藏以外的30个省、市、自治区,经济效益明显,平均每公顷效益是普通农田的3~5倍,带动所在村庄67户农民从事高效生态农业.本研究可为国家制定生态农业发展规划、精准扶贫、农村环境保护等提供科学依据.展开更多
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) as a risk factor for post-transplant hepatocellular cancer(HCC) recurrence. METHODS A systematic literature search was performe...AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) as a risk factor for post-transplant hepatocellular cancer(HCC) recurrence. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubM ed. Participants of any age and sex, who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were considered following these criteria:(1) studies comparing pre-transplant low vs high PLR values;(2) studies reporting post-transplant recurrence rates; and(3) if more than one study was reported by the same institute, only the most recent was included. The primary outcome measure was set for HCC recurrence after transplantation. RESULTS A total of 5 articles, published between 2014 and 2017, fulfilled the selection criteria. As for the quality of the reported studies, all the investigated articles presented an overall high quality. A total of 899 cases were investigated: 718 cases(80.0%) were males. Three studies coming from European countries and one from Japan presented HCV as the main cause of cirrhosis. On the opposite, one Chinese study presented a greater incidence of HBV-related cirrhotic cases. In all the studies apart one, the PLR cut-off value of 150 was reported. At meta-analysis, high PLR value was associated with a significant increase in recurrence after transplantation(OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.78-6.25; P < 0.001). A moderate heterogeneity was observed among the identified studies according to the Higgins I^2 statistic value.CONCLUSION Pre-transplant high PLR values are connected with an increased risk of post-operative recurrence of hepatocellular cancer. More studies are needed for better clarify the biological mechanisms of this results.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METHODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFH was induced cryosurgically and...AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METHODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFH was induced cryosurgically and one of the following solutions was administered locally in the femoral head(FH) in each group: Single injection of 500 μg VEGF(t-VEGFμ group); single injection of 500 ng VEGF(t-VEGFn group); continuous delivery of 500 μg VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-μ group); continuous delivery of 500 ng VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-n group); single injection of 0.9% sodium chloride(t-NS group), while one group that served as control group did not receive any local solution(No-t group). FHs were retrieved 12 wk postoperatively, underwent decalcification and hematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. In two canines per group, one half of FH was processed without decalcification and stained with modified Masson Trichrome. Histological sections were observed by light microscopy and measured with a semi-automatized bone histomorphometry system and Bone Volume/Total Volume(BV/TV), Marrow Volume/Total Volume(MaV/TV), and Trabecular Thickness(TbT h) were assessed. Standard and robust tests(Welch, Brown Forsythe) of analysis of variance along with multiple comparisons, were carried out among the categories.RESULTS The untreated(No-t) group had signs of osteonecrosis, whereas the VEGF groups revealed reversal of the osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis of the decalcified specimens revealed a significantly better BV/TV ratio and a higher Tb Th between the VEGF treatment groups(except the t-VEGFn group) and the No-t group or the control t-NS group. Single dose 500 μg VEGF group had significantly better BV/TV ratio and higher Tb Th when compared to the No-t group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 29.50 ± 12.27, P = 0.002 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.77 ± 35.15, P = 0.161 respectively) and the control t-NS group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 30.9 ± 6.67, P = 0.004 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.14 ± 35.71, P = 0.151 respectiv展开更多
To the Editor:Donor steatosis represents a well-known risk factor for primary non-function,early allograft dysfunction,and biliary complications after liver transplantation(LT)[1,2].Recently,machine perfusion(MP)techn...To the Editor:Donor steatosis represents a well-known risk factor for primary non-function,early allograft dysfunction,and biliary complications after liver transplantation(LT)[1,2].Recently,machine perfusion(MP)technology has been implemented in the clinical practice,with the primary intent to assess the graft quality and to optimize the organ selection process[3].A limited number of articles has been published specifically investigated the role of MP in steatotic livers[4–10],with few of them looking at the role of hypothermic MP.展开更多
Soybean[Glycine max（L.） Merr.]is one of the world＇s major crops,and soybean seeds are a rich and important resource for proteins and oils.While ＂omics＂ studies,such as genomics,transcriptomics,and proteomics,have...Soybean[Glycine max（L.） Merr.]is one of the world＇s major crops,and soybean seeds are a rich and important resource for proteins and oils.While ＂omics＂ studies,such as genomics,transcriptomics,and proteomics,have been widely applied in soybean molecular research,fewer metabolomic studies have been conducted for largescale detection of low molecular weight metabolites,especially in soybean seeds.In this study,we investigated the seed metabolomes of 29 common soybean cultivars through combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.One hundred sixty-nine named metabolites were identified and subsequently used to construct a metabolic network of mature soybean seed.Among the 169 detected metabolites,104 were found to be significantly variable in their levels across tested cultivars.Metabolite markers that could be used to distinguish genetically related soybean cultivars were also identified,and metabolitemetabolite correlation analysis revealed some significant associations within the same or among different metabolite groups.Findings from this work may potentially provide the basis for further studies on both soybean seed metabolism and metabolic engineering to improve soybean seed quality and yield.展开更多
Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)represents an innovative surgical technique used for the treatment of large hepatic lesions at high risk for post-resection liver failu...Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)represents an innovative surgical technique used for the treatment of large hepatic lesions at high risk for post-resection liver failure due to a small future liver remnant.The most significant amount of literature concerns the use of ALPPS for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),cholangiocarcinoma(CCC),and colorectal liver metastases(CRLM).On the opposite,few is known about the role of ALPPS for the treatment of uncommon liver pathologies.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the current literature on this topic.A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines.Eligible articles published up to February 2020 were included using the MEDLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane databases.Among the 486 articles screened,45 papers met the inclusion criteria,with 136 described cases of ALPPS for rare indications.These 136 cases were reported in 18 different countries.Only in two countries,namely Germany and Brazil,more than ten cases were observed.As for the ALPPS indications,we reported 41(30.1%)cases of neuroendocrine tumor(NET)metastases,followed by 27(19.9%)cases of gallbladder cancer(GBC),nine(6.6%)pediatric cases,six(4.4%)gastrointestinal stromal tumors,six(4.4%)adult cases of benign primary liver disease,four(2.9%)adult cases of malignant primary liver disease,and 43(31.6%)adult cases of malignant secondary liver disease.According to the International ALPPS Registry data,less than 10%of the ALPPS procedures have been performed for the treatment of uncommon liver pathologies.NET and GBC are the unique pathologies with acceptable numerosity.ALPPS for NET appears to be a safe procedure,with satisfactory long-term results.On the opposite,the results observed for the treatment of GBC are poor.However,these data should be considered with caution.The rationale for treating benign pathologies with ALPPS appears to be weak.No definitive response 展开更多
There is a vast number of treatments on the market for the management of wounds and burns,representing a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide.These include conventional wound dressings,dressings that incorporate gr...There is a vast number of treatments on the market for the management of wounds and burns,representing a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide.These include conventional wound dressings,dressings that incorporate growth factors to stimulate and facilitate the wound healing process,and skin substitutes that incorporate patientderived cells.This article will review the more established,and the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for wound healing therapies,and their future direction.展开更多
It is well known that a variation in the direction of Earth’s rotation axis is a real astronomical phenomenon, named nutation. It is interesting if a variation of this axis can take place only in intensity, in the si...It is well known that a variation in the direction of Earth’s rotation axis is a real astronomical phenomenon, named nutation. It is interesting if a variation of this axis can take place only in intensity, in the simplest theoretical case of only two rigid body dynamics. This paper presents two positions of the Moon during its monthly orbit, where a sudden variation of Earth’s rotation axis in intensity can take place. The duration of this phenomenon is limited in time, maybe an instant or a day, and then a vortex can appear.展开更多
Cryptococcus is a yeast typically found in bird feces such as pigeon droppings. Infection may occur through inhalation of spores or via direct inoculation into the skin. Typically there is a history of immunosuppressi...Cryptococcus is a yeast typically found in bird feces such as pigeon droppings. Infection may occur through inhalation of spores or via direct inoculation into the skin. Typically there is a history of immunosuppression, but cases are also reported in immunocompetent hosts. Cryptococcus may manifest as pulmonary disease or primary cutaneous infection, but dissemination to a systemic illness is the most life-threatening concern. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with a four-year history of idiopathic lung disease, treated with oral prednisone and mycophenolate, presents with a new onset skin rash on the right wrist. He has a history of cleaning and clearing barns and sheds after a recent storm devastated the area. Birds and bats were present in these structures while he was working. Initial therapy failed, and subsequent biopsy showed the presence of Cryptococcus yeast. Further investigation yielded a positive, low titer Cryptococcus antigen screen but negative blood cultures. This case illustrates three valuable facets of patient care. Ideally, one diagnosis will explain all of the clinical presentation, but when that is not the case then multiple etiologies must be explored. Sometimes first-line therapy is ineffective, and the clinician should not be afraid to recognize that and change course. Importantly with skin lesions, failure to respond to treatment or worsening of the lesion in the face of topical and/or oral steroids should lead one to consider the possibility of infection, particularly in an immunosuppressed patient, and prompt biopsy is prudent.展开更多
Protein aggregation has been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or Parkinson’s disease.AD belongs to a group of heterogeneous and incurable neurodegenerative disorders collect...Protein aggregation has been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or Parkinson’s disease.AD belongs to a group of heterogeneous and incurable neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as tauopathies.They comprise frontotemporal dementia,Pick’s disease,or corticobasal degeneration,among others.The symptomatology varies with the specific tau protein variant involved and the affected brain region or cell type.However,they share a common neuropathological hallmark-the formation of proteinaceous deposits named neurofibrillary tangles.Neurofibrillary tangles,primarily composed of aggregated tau(Zhang et al.,2022),disrupt normal neuronal functions,leading to cell death and cognitive decline.展开更多
Polydactyly is a malformation during the development of the human limb,which is characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes.It is considered to be one of the most common inherited h...Polydactyly is a malformation during the development of the human limb,which is characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes.It is considered to be one of the most common inherited hand disorders.It can be divided into two major groups:Non-syndromic polydactyly or syndromic polydactyly.According to the anatomical location of the duplicated digits,polydactyly can be generally subdivided into pre-,post-axial,and mesoaxial forms.Non-syndromic polydactyly is often inherited with an autosomal dominant trait and defects during the procedure of anterior-posterior patterning of limb development are incriminated for the final phenotype of the malformation.There are several forms of polydactyly,including hand and foot extra digit manifestations.The deformity affects upper limbs with a higher frequency than the lower,and the left foot is more often involved than the right.The treatment is always surgical.Since the clinical presentation is highly diverse,the treatment combines single or multiple surgical operations,depending on the type of polydactyly.The research attention that congenital limb deformities have recently attracted has resulted in broadening the list of isolated gene mutations associated with the disorders.Next generation sequencing technologies have contributed to the correlation of phenotype and genetic profile of the multiple polydactyly manifestations and have helped in early diagnosis and screening of most nonsyndromic and syndromic disorders.展开更多
Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical success.During ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then ...Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical success.During ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor response.While effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many patients.Particulate artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo ACT.While particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after injection.Barriers to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of interest.Biomaterial properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell stimulation.Previous literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in vitro.With the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive transfer.Using this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vascular injuries of the upper extremities are considered relatively rare injuries affecting mostly the young population.They often are complex injuries accompanied by other musculoskeletal trauma or trauma...BACKGROUND Vascular injuries of the upper extremities are considered relatively rare injuries affecting mostly the young population.They often are complex injuries accompanied by other musculoskeletal trauma or trauma in other anatomic locations.Their management is challenging since they can lead to disabilities with major socioeconomic effects.AIM To analyze data about the mechanism of injury,the management algorithm and functional outcomes of vascular injuries of the upper extremity.METHODS One hundred and fifteen patients(96 males and 19 females)with arterial injuries of the upper extremity treated in a tertiary trauma center from January 2003 to December 2022 was conducted.Mean patients’age was 33.7 years and the mean follow up time was 7.4 years.Patients with Mangled Extremity Severity Score≥7 and Injury Severity Score≥20,previous upper limb surgery or major trauma and any neuromuscular or psychiatric disease were excluded,from the study.RESULTS A penetrating trauma was the most common cause of injury.The radial artery was the artery injured in most of the cases(37.4%)followed by the ulnar(29.5%),the brachial(12.1%)and the axillary(6%).A simultaneous injury of both of the forearm’s arteries was in 15.6%of the cases.In 93%of the cases there were other concomitant musculoskeletal injuries of the extremity.Tendon lacerations were the most common,followed by nerve injuries.The postoperative functional scores(full Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand and VAS)had very satisfactory values.CONCLUSION Although vascular injuries of the upper extremity are rare,they may occur in the context of major combined musculoskeletal trauma.Although a multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize outcome,the ability of trained hand surgeons to repair all injuries in combined vascular and musculoskeletal upper extremity trauma,excluding isolated vascular injuries,ensures shorter operative times and better functional outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep dysfunction is a common problem in people with schizophrenia,and side effects of treatment often exacerbate metabolic and cardiovascular risk and may induce extrapyramidal side effects.Melatonin(N-ace...BACKGROUND Sleep dysfunction is a common problem in people with schizophrenia,and side effects of treatment often exacerbate metabolic and cardiovascular risk and may induce extrapyramidal side effects.Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is an endogenously produced hormone which has demonstrated direct and indirect antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.Previous studies have explored the use of exogenous melatonin in improving sleep outcomes in the general population,yet indications for use in schizophrenia are unclear.AIM To synthesize the evidence from clinical trials investigating prescribed melatonin as an adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS A systematic literature review of MEDLINE(Ovid),Embase,PsychINFO,and PubMed on the 27/08/20;and CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases,was conducted.Inclusion criteria were:a peer-reviewed clinical trial published in English;included a group of patients with schizophrenia;used melatonin as an adjunctive therapy;and reported any outcome of any duration.Exclusion criteria were:neurodegenerative diseases,primary sleep disorders,co-morbid substance use or animal studies.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the current review with the following primary outcomes:sleep(n=6),metabolic profile(n=3),tardive dyskinesia(n=3),cognitive function(n=2)and benzodiazepine discontinuation(n=1).CONCLUSION Adjunctive melatonin therapy has some positive outcomes for sleep,metabolic profile and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia.No beneficial effect of melatonin was observed on outcomes of cognition or benzodiazepine discontinuation.Future studies utilizing larger samples and investigations specifically comparing the effect of melatonin as adjunctive therapy with different antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia are required.展开更多
Background： Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（MCT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（CSH） into the diets of young and growing pigs would sti...Background： Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（MCT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（CSH） into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and performance.Results： In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT（n = 8） or a control diet（n = 8）. MCT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone（GH; P ＆lt; 0.05） and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring（P ＆lt; 0.05）, maintained villous height in the small intestine（P ＆lt; 0.05） and stabilised daily weight gain（P ＆lt; 0.05）, compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels（0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v） of MCT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight（n = 15 per treatment）. Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.001）, GH（P ＆lt; 0.01） and insulin（P ＆lt; 0.05）concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments： control（n = 20）; 6 % MCT（n = 21）; and 70 mg/kg CSH（n = 21）. After 3 wk of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary treatments.Conclusions： Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conve展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB108700, 2009CB941500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30725022)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B205)
文摘Male reproductive development is a complex biological process which includes the formation of the stamen with differentiated anther tissues, in which microspores/pollens are generated, then anther dehiscence and subsequently pollination. Stamen specification and anther development involve a number of extraordinary events such as meristem transition, cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication, etc., which need the cooperative interaction of sporophytic and gametophytic genes. The advent of various tools for rice functional gene identification, such as complete genome sequence, genome-wide microarrays, collections of mutants, has greatly facilitated our understanding of mechanisms of rice stamen specification and anther development. Male sterile lines are critical for hybrid rice breeding, therefore understanding these processes will not only contribute greatly to the basic knowledge of crop developmental biology, but also to the development of new varieties for hybrid rice breeding in the future.
文摘Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.
文摘化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂,同时不用地膜、人工合成激素、转基因种子生产优质安全食品,并在线上与线下销售.10年的长期实验结果表明,所在村庄农田生态环境改善,减少农药用量58.3%;物理+生物控虫效果明显,每盏灯年捕获量从2009年的33 kg下降到2014年的2.1 kg,下降93.8%;年消耗秸秆1000 t,秸秆利用率从1.1%提高到62.5%.有机肥还田提高了土壤生物多样性,有机果园蚯蚓数量317条m^(-2),而普通果园只有16条m^(-2);大量有机肥还田(75 t hm^(-2)),土壤有机质从实验初期的0.7%提高到2.4%.粮食产量从最初的11.43 t hm^(-2)提高到目前的17.43 t hm^(-2),其中冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)、夏玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)产量分别超出山东省平均水平42.6%,60.9%,32.2%和38.1%.由于质量好,产品已销售往除西藏以外的30个省、市、自治区,经济效益明显,平均每公顷效益是普通农田的3~5倍,带动所在村庄67户农民从事高效生态农业.本研究可为国家制定生态农业发展规划、精准扶贫、农村环境保护等提供科学依据.
文摘AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) as a risk factor for post-transplant hepatocellular cancer(HCC) recurrence. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubM ed. Participants of any age and sex, who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were considered following these criteria:(1) studies comparing pre-transplant low vs high PLR values;(2) studies reporting post-transplant recurrence rates; and(3) if more than one study was reported by the same institute, only the most recent was included. The primary outcome measure was set for HCC recurrence after transplantation. RESULTS A total of 5 articles, published between 2014 and 2017, fulfilled the selection criteria. As for the quality of the reported studies, all the investigated articles presented an overall high quality. A total of 899 cases were investigated: 718 cases(80.0%) were males. Three studies coming from European countries and one from Japan presented HCV as the main cause of cirrhosis. On the opposite, one Chinese study presented a greater incidence of HBV-related cirrhotic cases. In all the studies apart one, the PLR cut-off value of 150 was reported. At meta-analysis, high PLR value was associated with a significant increase in recurrence after transplantation(OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.78-6.25; P < 0.001). A moderate heterogeneity was observed among the identified studies according to the Higgins I^2 statistic value.CONCLUSION Pre-transplant high PLR values are connected with an increased risk of post-operative recurrence of hepatocellular cancer. More studies are needed for better clarify the biological mechanisms of this results.
基金Supported by Piedmont Orthopaedic Foundation,United States
文摘AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METHODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFH was induced cryosurgically and one of the following solutions was administered locally in the femoral head(FH) in each group: Single injection of 500 μg VEGF(t-VEGFμ group); single injection of 500 ng VEGF(t-VEGFn group); continuous delivery of 500 μg VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-μ group); continuous delivery of 500 ng VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-n group); single injection of 0.9% sodium chloride(t-NS group), while one group that served as control group did not receive any local solution(No-t group). FHs were retrieved 12 wk postoperatively, underwent decalcification and hematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. In two canines per group, one half of FH was processed without decalcification and stained with modified Masson Trichrome. Histological sections were observed by light microscopy and measured with a semi-automatized bone histomorphometry system and Bone Volume/Total Volume(BV/TV), Marrow Volume/Total Volume(MaV/TV), and Trabecular Thickness(TbT h) were assessed. Standard and robust tests(Welch, Brown Forsythe) of analysis of variance along with multiple comparisons, were carried out among the categories.RESULTS The untreated(No-t) group had signs of osteonecrosis, whereas the VEGF groups revealed reversal of the osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis of the decalcified specimens revealed a significantly better BV/TV ratio and a higher Tb Th between the VEGF treatment groups(except the t-VEGFn group) and the No-t group or the control t-NS group. Single dose 500 μg VEGF group had significantly better BV/TV ratio and higher Tb Th when compared to the No-t group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 29.50 ± 12.27, P = 0.002 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.77 ± 35.15, P = 0.161 respectively) and the control t-NS group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 30.9 ± 6.67, P = 0.004 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.14 ± 35.71, P = 0.151 respectiv
文摘To the Editor:Donor steatosis represents a well-known risk factor for primary non-function,early allograft dysfunction,and biliary complications after liver transplantation(LT)[1,2].Recently,machine perfusion(MP)technology has been implemented in the clinical practice,with the primary intent to assess the graft quality and to optimize the organ selection process[3].A limited number of articles has been published specifically investigated the role of MP in steatotic livers[4–10],with few of them looking at the role of hypothermic MP.
基金supported by the China National Transgenic Plant Special Fund(2011ZX08012-002 and 2013ZX08012-002)Innovative Research Team Fund(Ministry of Education,China)111 Project Fund(B14016)
文摘Soybean[Glycine max（L.） Merr.]is one of the world＇s major crops,and soybean seeds are a rich and important resource for proteins and oils.While ＂omics＂ studies,such as genomics,transcriptomics,and proteomics,have been widely applied in soybean molecular research,fewer metabolomic studies have been conducted for largescale detection of low molecular weight metabolites,especially in soybean seeds.In this study,we investigated the seed metabolomes of 29 common soybean cultivars through combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.One hundred sixty-nine named metabolites were identified and subsequently used to construct a metabolic network of mature soybean seed.Among the 169 detected metabolites,104 were found to be significantly variable in their levels across tested cultivars.Metabolite markers that could be used to distinguish genetically related soybean cultivars were also identified,and metabolitemetabolite correlation analysis revealed some significant associations within the same or among different metabolite groups.Findings from this work may potentially provide the basis for further studies on both soybean seed metabolism and metabolic engineering to improve soybean seed quality and yield.
文摘Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)represents an innovative surgical technique used for the treatment of large hepatic lesions at high risk for post-resection liver failure due to a small future liver remnant.The most significant amount of literature concerns the use of ALPPS for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),cholangiocarcinoma(CCC),and colorectal liver metastases(CRLM).On the opposite,few is known about the role of ALPPS for the treatment of uncommon liver pathologies.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the current literature on this topic.A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines.Eligible articles published up to February 2020 were included using the MEDLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane databases.Among the 486 articles screened,45 papers met the inclusion criteria,with 136 described cases of ALPPS for rare indications.These 136 cases were reported in 18 different countries.Only in two countries,namely Germany and Brazil,more than ten cases were observed.As for the ALPPS indications,we reported 41(30.1%)cases of neuroendocrine tumor(NET)metastases,followed by 27(19.9%)cases of gallbladder cancer(GBC),nine(6.6%)pediatric cases,six(4.4%)gastrointestinal stromal tumors,six(4.4%)adult cases of benign primary liver disease,four(2.9%)adult cases of malignant primary liver disease,and 43(31.6%)adult cases of malignant secondary liver disease.According to the International ALPPS Registry data,less than 10%of the ALPPS procedures have been performed for the treatment of uncommon liver pathologies.NET and GBC are the unique pathologies with acceptable numerosity.ALPPS for NET appears to be a safe procedure,with satisfactory long-term results.On the opposite,the results observed for the treatment of GBC are poor.However,these data should be considered with caution.The rationale for treating benign pathologies with ALPPS appears to be weak.No definitive response
文摘There is a vast number of treatments on the market for the management of wounds and burns,representing a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide.These include conventional wound dressings,dressings that incorporate growth factors to stimulate and facilitate the wound healing process,and skin substitutes that incorporate patientderived cells.This article will review the more established,and the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for wound healing therapies,and their future direction.
文摘It is well known that a variation in the direction of Earth’s rotation axis is a real astronomical phenomenon, named nutation. It is interesting if a variation of this axis can take place only in intensity, in the simplest theoretical case of only two rigid body dynamics. This paper presents two positions of the Moon during its monthly orbit, where a sudden variation of Earth’s rotation axis in intensity can take place. The duration of this phenomenon is limited in time, maybe an instant or a day, and then a vortex can appear.
文摘Cryptococcus is a yeast typically found in bird feces such as pigeon droppings. Infection may occur through inhalation of spores or via direct inoculation into the skin. Typically there is a history of immunosuppression, but cases are also reported in immunocompetent hosts. Cryptococcus may manifest as pulmonary disease or primary cutaneous infection, but dissemination to a systemic illness is the most life-threatening concern. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with a four-year history of idiopathic lung disease, treated with oral prednisone and mycophenolate, presents with a new onset skin rash on the right wrist. He has a history of cleaning and clearing barns and sheds after a recent storm devastated the area. Birds and bats were present in these structures while he was working. Initial therapy failed, and subsequent biopsy showed the presence of Cryptococcus yeast. Further investigation yielded a positive, low titer Cryptococcus antigen screen but negative blood cultures. This case illustrates three valuable facets of patient care. Ideally, one diagnosis will explain all of the clinical presentation, but when that is not the case then multiple etiologies must be explored. Sometimes first-line therapy is ineffective, and the clinician should not be afraid to recognize that and change course. Importantly with skin lesions, failure to respond to treatment or worsening of the lesion in the face of topical and/or oral steroids should lead one to consider the possibility of infection, particularly in an immunosuppressed patient, and prompt biopsy is prudent.
基金funded by European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA 952334(PhasAGE)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2019-105017RB-I00)by ICREA,ICREA Academia 2015,and 2020(to SV).
文摘Protein aggregation has been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or Parkinson’s disease.AD belongs to a group of heterogeneous and incurable neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as tauopathies.They comprise frontotemporal dementia,Pick’s disease,or corticobasal degeneration,among others.The symptomatology varies with the specific tau protein variant involved and the affected brain region or cell type.However,they share a common neuropathological hallmark-the formation of proteinaceous deposits named neurofibrillary tangles.Neurofibrillary tangles,primarily composed of aggregated tau(Zhang et al.,2022),disrupt normal neuronal functions,leading to cell death and cognitive decline.
文摘Polydactyly is a malformation during the development of the human limb,which is characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes.It is considered to be one of the most common inherited hand disorders.It can be divided into two major groups:Non-syndromic polydactyly or syndromic polydactyly.According to the anatomical location of the duplicated digits,polydactyly can be generally subdivided into pre-,post-axial,and mesoaxial forms.Non-syndromic polydactyly is often inherited with an autosomal dominant trait and defects during the procedure of anterior-posterior patterning of limb development are incriminated for the final phenotype of the malformation.There are several forms of polydactyly,including hand and foot extra digit manifestations.The deformity affects upper limbs with a higher frequency than the lower,and the left foot is more often involved than the right.The treatment is always surgical.Since the clinical presentation is highly diverse,the treatment combines single or multiple surgical operations,depending on the type of polydactyly.The research attention that congenital limb deformities have recently attracted has resulted in broadening the list of isolated gene mutations associated with the disorders.Next generation sequencing technologies have contributed to the correlation of phenotype and genetic profile of the multiple polydactyly manifestations and have helped in early diagnosis and screening of most nonsyndromic and syndromic disorders.
基金the NIH for support of this research(P41EB028239)the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship(Nos.DGE-1746891(SEW)and DGE-1746891(SRS)).
文摘Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical success.During ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor response.While effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many patients.Particulate artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo ACT.While particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after injection.Barriers to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of interest.Biomaterial properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell stimulation.Previous literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in vitro.With the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive transfer.Using this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.
文摘BACKGROUND Vascular injuries of the upper extremities are considered relatively rare injuries affecting mostly the young population.They often are complex injuries accompanied by other musculoskeletal trauma or trauma in other anatomic locations.Their management is challenging since they can lead to disabilities with major socioeconomic effects.AIM To analyze data about the mechanism of injury,the management algorithm and functional outcomes of vascular injuries of the upper extremity.METHODS One hundred and fifteen patients(96 males and 19 females)with arterial injuries of the upper extremity treated in a tertiary trauma center from January 2003 to December 2022 was conducted.Mean patients’age was 33.7 years and the mean follow up time was 7.4 years.Patients with Mangled Extremity Severity Score≥7 and Injury Severity Score≥20,previous upper limb surgery or major trauma and any neuromuscular or psychiatric disease were excluded,from the study.RESULTS A penetrating trauma was the most common cause of injury.The radial artery was the artery injured in most of the cases(37.4%)followed by the ulnar(29.5%),the brachial(12.1%)and the axillary(6%).A simultaneous injury of both of the forearm’s arteries was in 15.6%of the cases.In 93%of the cases there were other concomitant musculoskeletal injuries of the extremity.Tendon lacerations were the most common,followed by nerve injuries.The postoperative functional scores(full Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand and VAS)had very satisfactory values.CONCLUSION Although vascular injuries of the upper extremity are rare,they may occur in the context of major combined musculoskeletal trauma.Although a multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize outcome,the ability of trained hand surgeons to repair all injuries in combined vascular and musculoskeletal upper extremity trauma,excluding isolated vascular injuries,ensures shorter operative times and better functional outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep dysfunction is a common problem in people with schizophrenia,and side effects of treatment often exacerbate metabolic and cardiovascular risk and may induce extrapyramidal side effects.Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is an endogenously produced hormone which has demonstrated direct and indirect antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.Previous studies have explored the use of exogenous melatonin in improving sleep outcomes in the general population,yet indications for use in schizophrenia are unclear.AIM To synthesize the evidence from clinical trials investigating prescribed melatonin as an adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS A systematic literature review of MEDLINE(Ovid),Embase,PsychINFO,and PubMed on the 27/08/20;and CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases,was conducted.Inclusion criteria were:a peer-reviewed clinical trial published in English;included a group of patients with schizophrenia;used melatonin as an adjunctive therapy;and reported any outcome of any duration.Exclusion criteria were:neurodegenerative diseases,primary sleep disorders,co-morbid substance use or animal studies.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the current review with the following primary outcomes:sleep(n=6),metabolic profile(n=3),tardive dyskinesia(n=3),cognitive function(n=2)and benzodiazepine discontinuation(n=1).CONCLUSION Adjunctive melatonin therapy has some positive outcomes for sleep,metabolic profile and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia.No beneficial effect of melatonin was observed on outcomes of cognition or benzodiazepine discontinuation.Future studies utilizing larger samples and investigations specifically comparing the effect of melatonin as adjunctive therapy with different antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia are required.
基金supported by the Co-operative Research Centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork IndustryPork CRC Ltd(ACN:113 703 174)P.O.Box 466,Willaston,South Australia,5118,Australia
文摘Background： Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（MCT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（CSH） into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and performance.Results： In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT（n = 8） or a control diet（n = 8）. MCT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone（GH; P ＆lt; 0.05） and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring（P ＆lt; 0.05）, maintained villous height in the small intestine（P ＆lt; 0.05） and stabilised daily weight gain（P ＆lt; 0.05）, compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels（0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v） of MCT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight（n = 15 per treatment）. Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.001）, GH（P ＆lt; 0.01） and insulin（P ＆lt; 0.05）concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments： control（n = 20）; 6 % MCT（n = 21）; and 70 mg/kg CSH（n = 21）. After 3 wk of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary treatments.Conclusions： Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conve
