Transcriptional regulation is essential for balancing multiple metabolic pathways that influence oil accumulation in seeds.Thus far,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that govern seed oil accumulation remain la...Transcriptional regulation is essential for balancing multiple metabolic pathways that influence oil accumulation in seeds.Thus far,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that govern seed oil accumulation remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the transcriptional regulatory network composed of MADS-box transcription factors SEEDSTICK(STK)and SEPALLATA3(SEP3),which bridges several key genes to regulate oil accumulation in seeds.We found that STK,highly expressed in the developing embryo,positively regulates seed oil accumulation in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana).Furthermore,we discovered that SEP3 physically interacts with STK in vivo and in vitro.Seed oil content is increased by the SEP3 mutation,while it is decreased by SEP3 overexpression.The chromatin immunoprecipitation,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,and transient dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that STK positively regulates seed oil accumulation by directly repressing the expression of MYB5,SEP3,and SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER 4(SFAR4).Moreover,genetic and molecular analyses demonstrated that STK and SEP3 antagonistically regulate seed oil production and that SEP3 weakens the binding ability of STK to MYB5,SEP3,and SFAR4.Additionally,we demonstrated that TRANSPARENT TESTA 8(TT8)and ACYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE 3(AAD3)are direct targets of MYB5 during seed oil accumulation in Arabidopsis.Together,our findings provide the transcriptional regulatory network antagonistically orchestrated by STK and SEP3,which fine tunes oil accumulation in seeds.展开更多
目的:调查上海地区维持性血液透析患者慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)的管理现况,了解CKD-MBD的临床实践变迁。方法:选取截至2019年3月上海市血液透析质量控制中心单位64家医院进...目的:调查上海地区维持性血液透析患者慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)的管理现况,了解CKD-MBD的临床实践变迁。方法:选取截至2019年3月上海市血液透析质量控制中心单位64家医院进行CKD-MBD问卷调查,并与2011年相应的调查结果对比。调查问卷内容包括:各透析中心维持性血液透析和腹膜透析患者的人数、CKD-MBD指南执行情况、CKD-MBD指南学习情况、CKD-MBD生化指标检测的开展和分布、高磷血症的治疗、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进和肾性骨病的治疗、透析液钙离子浓度。结果:共63家医院参与本研究。上海市血液透析中心共有维持性血液透析患者10168例,维持性腹膜透析患者4610例。84.1%(53/63)的医院执行指南过程顺利,与2011年(55.6%)相比,指南执行顺利的比例提高了28.5%。二级和三级医院指南执行顺利比例分别为83.3%(25/30)和84.8%(28/33),与2011年(39.3%和73.1%)相比,分别提高了44.0%和11.7%。所有医院均开展了血钙、血磷的检测,甲状旁腺素、总碱性磷酸酶、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、25羟维生素D和其他骨代谢相关指标检测的比例分别为98.4%(62/63)、90.5%(57/63)、19.0%(12/63)、90.5%(57/63)和42.9%(27/63);冠状动脉CT、腰椎侧位片、超声心动图、骨密度和血管超声检测的比例分别为68.3%(43/63)、74.6%(47/63)、100.0%(63/63)、68.3%(43/63)和69.8%(44/63)。开展甲状旁腺素、总碱性磷酸酶、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、25羟维生素D、冠状动脉CT、腰椎侧位片和超声心动图的检测比例分别较2011年提高2.1%、1.6%、0.5%、47.9%、14.6%、20.9%和1.9%。血液透析患者生化指标分布调查结果显示,血磷0.80~1.45 mmol/L(KDIGO指南)、血磷0.80~1.78 mmol/L(KDOQI指南)、血钙2.10~2.54 mmol/L和甲状旁腺素150~300 ng/L的患者比例分别为37.0%(3323/8969)、50.7%(4571/9018)、60.2%(5568/9244)和33.2%(3018/9087),理想的血磷(0.80~1.78 mmol/L)展开更多
Bacteria contamination in Auricularia auricular culture bags reduces yield and increases the risk of food safety.In this study,5 species of bacteria,mainly gram-positive bacteria including three species of Bacillus sp...Bacteria contamination in Auricularia auricular culture bags reduces yield and increases the risk of food safety.In this study,5 species of bacteria,mainly gram-positive bacteria including three species of Bacillus spp.,Arthrobacter arilaitensis and Staphylococcus warneri,were isolated and identifi ed from bacteria-contaminated A.auricular culture bags.An in silico predicted antimicrobial peptide from theβ-1,3-glucan-binding protein sequence of Penaeus vannamei,designated Pv GBP2(FLKLGRKSRYGMLKL),was screened and its antibacterial effect and mechanism of action on the isolated Bacillus spp.explored.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of Pv GBP2 on Bacillus spp.were 15.6–31.25μg/m L.Peptide Pv GBP2 could inhibit Bacillus subtilis in A.auricular culture bags to maintain growth and yield of A.auricular.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that Pv GBP2 kills bacteria by perforating the cell wall,destroying membrane integrity and resulting in the leakage of intracellular solutes.In addition,Pv GBP2 inhibits biofi lm formation by B.subtilis by 90.6%at 1×MIC.Thus,peptide Pv GBP2 could be potentially applied as an antibacterial agent to control bacterial infection of A.auricular cultivation and the spread of foodborne pathogens.展开更多
Due to infrequent rainfall, high temperatures, and degraded land, the Sahel region often suffers from droughts. The Sahel region is considered as one of the world’s driest and extreme environmental conditions. In ord...Due to infrequent rainfall, high temperatures, and degraded land, the Sahel region often suffers from droughts. The Sahel region is considered as one of the world’s driest and extreme environmental conditions. In order to assess spatiotemporal vulnerability of potential drought impacts, we used remote sensing and ground station data to evaluate drought conditions in the Sahel region from 1985 to 2015. The standard precipitation index(SPI), standard precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI), vegetation condition index(VCI) anomaly, along with socioeconomic indicators were performed. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient(PCC) was computed between drought indices and three main crops(sorghum, millet, and maize) in the region to estimate the effects. The analysis showed that temperature increased by 0.78°C from 1985 to 2015, which had a significant impact on crop yield for sorghum, maize, and millet with a statistical significance value of P > 0.05. In the decade spanning 1994 to 2005 alone, the temperature increased by 0.57°C, which resulted in extreme drought in Algeria, Sudan, Chad, Nigeria, and Mauritania. For the effect of drought on crop production, high significance was noted on the SPI and SPEI-3 timescale: sorghum with SPI-3(r = 0.71) and SPEI-3(r = 0.65), millet with SPI-3(r = 0.61) and SPEI-3(r = 0.72), and maize with SPI-3(r =0.81) and SPEI-3(r = 0.65) during the study period. In the growing season, VCI anomaly had strong correlations with sorghum and millet(r = 0.67 and 0.75, respectively). A significant agreement was also noticed between the combined drought index(CDI) and vulnerability index(VI) in Burkina Faso(r =-0.676;P < 0.00), Mali(r =-0.768;P < 0.00), Mauritania(r = 0.843;P < 0.001), Niger(r =-0.625;P < 0.001), and Nigeria(r =-0.75;P < 0.005). The results show that the above indices are effective in assessing agricultural drought and its impact on crop production in the Sahel, and in identifying areas most affected by drought.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31971974),the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(grant nos.2021LLRH-07 and 2022NY-158)+1 种基金the PhD Start-up Fund of Northwest A&F University(grant no.Z1090121052)a grant from the Yang Ling Seed Industry Innovation Center(grant no.K3031122024).
文摘Transcriptional regulation is essential for balancing multiple metabolic pathways that influence oil accumulation in seeds.Thus far,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that govern seed oil accumulation remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the transcriptional regulatory network composed of MADS-box transcription factors SEEDSTICK(STK)and SEPALLATA3(SEP3),which bridges several key genes to regulate oil accumulation in seeds.We found that STK,highly expressed in the developing embryo,positively regulates seed oil accumulation in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana).Furthermore,we discovered that SEP3 physically interacts with STK in vivo and in vitro.Seed oil content is increased by the SEP3 mutation,while it is decreased by SEP3 overexpression.The chromatin immunoprecipitation,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,and transient dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that STK positively regulates seed oil accumulation by directly repressing the expression of MYB5,SEP3,and SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER 4(SFAR4).Moreover,genetic and molecular analyses demonstrated that STK and SEP3 antagonistically regulate seed oil production and that SEP3 weakens the binding ability of STK to MYB5,SEP3,and SFAR4.Additionally,we demonstrated that TRANSPARENT TESTA 8(TT8)and ACYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE 3(AAD3)are direct targets of MYB5 during seed oil accumulation in Arabidopsis.Together,our findings provide the transcriptional regulatory network antagonistically orchestrated by STK and SEP3,which fine tunes oil accumulation in seeds.
基金sponsored by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFD09009)。
文摘Bacteria contamination in Auricularia auricular culture bags reduces yield and increases the risk of food safety.In this study,5 species of bacteria,mainly gram-positive bacteria including three species of Bacillus spp.,Arthrobacter arilaitensis and Staphylococcus warneri,were isolated and identifi ed from bacteria-contaminated A.auricular culture bags.An in silico predicted antimicrobial peptide from theβ-1,3-glucan-binding protein sequence of Penaeus vannamei,designated Pv GBP2(FLKLGRKSRYGMLKL),was screened and its antibacterial effect and mechanism of action on the isolated Bacillus spp.explored.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of Pv GBP2 on Bacillus spp.were 15.6–31.25μg/m L.Peptide Pv GBP2 could inhibit Bacillus subtilis in A.auricular culture bags to maintain growth and yield of A.auricular.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that Pv GBP2 kills bacteria by perforating the cell wall,destroying membrane integrity and resulting in the leakage of intracellular solutes.In addition,Pv GBP2 inhibits biofi lm formation by B.subtilis by 90.6%at 1×MIC.Thus,peptide Pv GBP2 could be potentially applied as an antibacterial agent to control bacterial infection of A.auricular cultivation and the spread of foodborne pathogens.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1510203 and 2018YFC1506502)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610132020014)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(OFSLRSS201910)。
文摘Due to infrequent rainfall, high temperatures, and degraded land, the Sahel region often suffers from droughts. The Sahel region is considered as one of the world’s driest and extreme environmental conditions. In order to assess spatiotemporal vulnerability of potential drought impacts, we used remote sensing and ground station data to evaluate drought conditions in the Sahel region from 1985 to 2015. The standard precipitation index(SPI), standard precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI), vegetation condition index(VCI) anomaly, along with socioeconomic indicators were performed. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient(PCC) was computed between drought indices and three main crops(sorghum, millet, and maize) in the region to estimate the effects. The analysis showed that temperature increased by 0.78°C from 1985 to 2015, which had a significant impact on crop yield for sorghum, maize, and millet with a statistical significance value of P > 0.05. In the decade spanning 1994 to 2005 alone, the temperature increased by 0.57°C, which resulted in extreme drought in Algeria, Sudan, Chad, Nigeria, and Mauritania. For the effect of drought on crop production, high significance was noted on the SPI and SPEI-3 timescale: sorghum with SPI-3(r = 0.71) and SPEI-3(r = 0.65), millet with SPI-3(r = 0.61) and SPEI-3(r = 0.72), and maize with SPI-3(r =0.81) and SPEI-3(r = 0.65) during the study period. In the growing season, VCI anomaly had strong correlations with sorghum and millet(r = 0.67 and 0.75, respectively). A significant agreement was also noticed between the combined drought index(CDI) and vulnerability index(VI) in Burkina Faso(r =-0.676;P < 0.00), Mali(r =-0.768;P < 0.00), Mauritania(r = 0.843;P < 0.001), Niger(r =-0.625;P < 0.001), and Nigeria(r =-0.75;P < 0.005). The results show that the above indices are effective in assessing agricultural drought and its impact on crop production in the Sahel, and in identifying areas most affected by drought.
