Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9...Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.展开更多
目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组...目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组(n=37)。在会阴切开术或会阴修补术前进行0.75%罗哌卡因或1%利多卡因会阴局部浸润。用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)对分娩过程中及分娩后会阴疼痛进行评价分级,并对产妇满意度进行评价。结果在注药后1 min (33 vs 26例,P=0.043),产后3 h (31 vs 20例,P=0.006)、4 h (27 vs 11例,P<0.001)、6 h (20 vs 0例,P=0.030),罗哌卡因组VAS为0的产妇多于利多卡因组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分娩后坐立(11 vs 0例,P<0.001)、排尿(22 vs 3例,P<0.001)和睡觉(32 vs 24例,P=0.030)时,罗哌卡因组VAS评分为0的产妇人数均多于利多卡因组。罗哌卡因组对分娩镇痛满意的产妇(评价为非常满意和满意)多于利多卡因组(36 vs 29例,P=0.013)。罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组新生儿Apgar评分、脐动静脉pH值、碱剩余、乳酸含量、二氧化碳分压和血红蛋白含量组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论罗哌卡因会阴浸润麻醉较之于利多卡因能提供更快和更长时间的镇痛,可显著提高椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩产妇的满意度。展开更多
Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood.Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the id...Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood.Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the identification of targets against cancer metastasis.Detecting these very rare CTCs among the massive blood cells is challenging.However,emerging technologies for CTCs detection have profoundly contributed to deepening investigation into the biology of CTCs and have facilitated their clinical application.Current technologies for the detection of CTCs are summarized herein,together with their advantages and disadvantages.The detection of CTCs is usually dependent on molecular markers,with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule being the most widely used,although molecular markers vary between different types of cancer.Properties associated with epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and stemness have been identified in CTCs,indicating their increased metastatic capacity.Only a small proportion of CTCs can survive and eventually initiate metastases,suggesting that an interaction and modulation between CTCs and the hostile blood microenvironment is essential for CTC metastasis.Single-cell sequencing of CTCs has been extensively investigated,and has enabled researchers to reveal the genome and transcriptome of CTCs.Herein,we also review the clinical applications of CTCs,especially for monitoring response to cancer treatment and in evaluating prognosis.Hence,CTCs have and will continue to contribute to providing significant insights into metastatic processes and will open new avenues for useful clinical applications.展开更多
目的系统评价加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在小儿急性阑尾炎手术治疗中的应用疗效。方法参考Cochrane协作网制定的检索策略,采用主题词和自由词相结合的方式分别在中国知网、万方医学网、PubMed、EBSCO、Med...目的系统评价加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在小儿急性阑尾炎手术治疗中的应用疗效。方法参考Cochrane协作网制定的检索策略,采用主题词和自由词相结合的方式分别在中国知网、万方医学网、PubMed、EBSCO、Medline及Cochrane数据库中进行检索。其中,英文检索关键词包括:enhanced recovery after surgery、fast track surgery、ERAS、FTS、child、infant和appendicitis;中文检索关键词包括:快速康复、加速康复、儿童、小儿、婴幼儿和阑尾炎。文献截止时间为2019年3月30日,语种限制为英文及中文文献。由2名单独观察者按照标准格式进行数据提取,记录的数据包括病例数、加速康复方案、术后住院时间和并发症发生率等。采集各项指标数据后采用Revman 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入5篇有关小儿急性阑尾炎ERAS治疗的回顾性研究,共计1 295例患者。与传统治疗组相比,ERAS组在术后住院时间(MD=1.69,95%CI:0.94~2.44,P<0.05)、术后腹腔残余脓肿发生率(OR=2.53,95%CI:1.60~3.99,P<0.05)和术后再入院率(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.10~3.18,P<0.05)等方面有明显优势,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义;而在术后切口感染率(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.46~1.92,P>0.05)和术后再手术率(OR=1.72,95%CI:0.64~4.60,P>0.05)方面,两组间差异均无统计学意义。结论小儿急性阑尾炎围手术期应用ERAS理念可促进患儿康复,降低术后并发症,然而仍然需要进一步多中心大样本的前瞻性随机对照研究证实。展开更多
Objective： To observe wet cupping therapy（WCT） on local blood perfusion and analgesic effects in patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis（NT-CS）. Methods： Fifty-seven NT-CS patients were randomly divid...Objective： To observe wet cupping therapy（WCT） on local blood perfusion and analgesic effects in patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis（NT-CS）. Methods： Fifty-seven NT-CS patients were randomly divided into WCT group and Jiaji acupoint-acupuncture（JA） group according a random number table. WCT group（30 cases） was treated with WCT for 10 min, and JA group（27 cases） was treated with acupuncture for 10 min. The treatment efficacies were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale（VAS）. Blood perfusion at Dazhui（GV 14） and Jianjing（GB 21） acupoints（affected side） was observed with a laser speckle flowmetry, and its variations before and after treatment in both groups were compared as well. Results： In both groups, the VAS scores significantly decreased after the intervention（P〈0.01）, while the blood perfusion at the two acupoints significantly increased after intervention（P〈0.05）; however, the increasement magnitude caused by WCT was obvious compared with JA（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： WCT could improve analgesic effects in patients with NT-CS, which might be related to increasing local blood perfusion of acupunct points.展开更多
草地是宁夏陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,估算其净初级生产力(NPP)对宁夏草地可持续利用与管理至关重要。采用MODIS数据和CASA模型对2000—2015年间宁夏草地生态系统NPP进行了估算,通过一元线性回归趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法研究草地NP...草地是宁夏陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,估算其净初级生产力(NPP)对宁夏草地可持续利用与管理至关重要。采用MODIS数据和CASA模型对2000—2015年间宁夏草地生态系统NPP进行了估算,通过一元线性回归趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法研究草地NPP的时空变化规律及未来演变趋势,并分析草地NPP与气象因子的相关性。结果表明:(1)基于CASA模型的宁夏草地NPP模拟精度高,其估算值与实测多年草地NPP均值具有良好的线性关系(R=0.93,P<0.01),与MOD17产品的草地NPP空间分布基本一致。(2)近16 a宁夏草地年均NPP为148.28 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),且存在波动上升的趋势,其线性增长率为3.84 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)(P<0.01)。(3)宁夏草地NPP整体处于上升趋势,草地NPP增长的草地面积达98%,且其增率自南向北递减;宁夏草地NPP的Hurst指数在0.27—0.81之间,均值为0.53,大部分草地的NPP变化趋势具有较强同向持续性。(4)在年时间尺度上,宁夏草地NPP主要受降水量的影响,与气温的相关性较弱;在月时间尺度上,生长季草地NPP与月总降水量的相关性高,且不存在时间滞后响应现象,而与月均温的响应则存在1个月的时间滞后性,宁夏大面积分布的干草原与荒漠草原NPP对气温响应滞后是导致这一现象发生的主要原因。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the project of Yunnan Innovation Team Project, the Hundreds Oversea Talents Program of Yunnan Province, the Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （Grant 20080A009）, the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （201401 PC00397）, National Science Foundation of China （U0936603）, Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province （2008CC016）, Frontier Grant of Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS （672705232515）, Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province （20080A009）, and Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） （to L.G.）.
文摘Tea is the world＇s oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. Here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich （80.9%）, 3.02-Gb genome of the cultivated tea tree Camellia sinensis. We show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few LTR retrotransposon families. In addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, lineage-specific expansions of genes associated with flavonoid metabolic biosynthesis were discovered, which enhance catechin production, terpene enzyme activation, and stress tolerance, important features for tea flavor and adaptation. We demonstrate an independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee. A comparative study among 25 Camellia species revealed that higher expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeinebut not theanine-related genes contribute to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and tea quality. These novel findings pave the way for further metabolomic and functional genomic refinement of characteristic biosynthesis pathways and will help develop a more diversified set of tea flavors that would eventually satisfy and attract more tea drinkers worldwide.
文摘目的比较罗哌卡因和利多卡因对椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩后会阴疼痛的镇痛效果。方法纳入2016年2月至2017年4月我院产科74名经阴道分娩并接受椎管内分娩镇痛的足月单胎产妇,其中初产妇60例,经产妇14例。采用随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组(n=37)。在会阴切开术或会阴修补术前进行0.75%罗哌卡因或1%利多卡因会阴局部浸润。用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)对分娩过程中及分娩后会阴疼痛进行评价分级,并对产妇满意度进行评价。结果在注药后1 min (33 vs 26例,P=0.043),产后3 h (31 vs 20例,P=0.006)、4 h (27 vs 11例,P<0.001)、6 h (20 vs 0例,P=0.030),罗哌卡因组VAS为0的产妇多于利多卡因组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分娩后坐立(11 vs 0例,P<0.001)、排尿(22 vs 3例,P<0.001)和睡觉(32 vs 24例,P=0.030)时,罗哌卡因组VAS评分为0的产妇人数均多于利多卡因组。罗哌卡因组对分娩镇痛满意的产妇(评价为非常满意和满意)多于利多卡因组(36 vs 29例,P=0.013)。罗哌卡因组和利多卡因组新生儿Apgar评分、脐动静脉pH值、碱剩余、乳酸含量、二氧化碳分压和血红蛋白含量组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论罗哌卡因会阴浸润麻醉较之于利多卡因能提供更快和更长时间的镇痛,可显著提高椎管内分娩镇痛下自然分娩产妇的满意度。
基金This study was supported by the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172344,81702866,Jiaojiao Zhou)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY21H160039,Jiaojiao Zhou)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021FZJD009,Jiaojiao Zhou)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072900,Yiding Chen).
文摘Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood.Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the identification of targets against cancer metastasis.Detecting these very rare CTCs among the massive blood cells is challenging.However,emerging technologies for CTCs detection have profoundly contributed to deepening investigation into the biology of CTCs and have facilitated their clinical application.Current technologies for the detection of CTCs are summarized herein,together with their advantages and disadvantages.The detection of CTCs is usually dependent on molecular markers,with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule being the most widely used,although molecular markers vary between different types of cancer.Properties associated with epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and stemness have been identified in CTCs,indicating their increased metastatic capacity.Only a small proportion of CTCs can survive and eventually initiate metastases,suggesting that an interaction and modulation between CTCs and the hostile blood microenvironment is essential for CTC metastasis.Single-cell sequencing of CTCs has been extensively investigated,and has enabled researchers to reveal the genome and transcriptome of CTCs.Herein,we also review the clinical applications of CTCs,especially for monitoring response to cancer treatment and in evaluating prognosis.Hence,CTCs have and will continue to contribute to providing significant insights into metastatic processes and will open new avenues for useful clinical applications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273673)Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,Tianjin Health Bureau,China(No.11027)
文摘Objective： To observe wet cupping therapy（WCT） on local blood perfusion and analgesic effects in patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis（NT-CS）. Methods： Fifty-seven NT-CS patients were randomly divided into WCT group and Jiaji acupoint-acupuncture（JA） group according a random number table. WCT group（30 cases） was treated with WCT for 10 min, and JA group（27 cases） was treated with acupuncture for 10 min. The treatment efficacies were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale（VAS）. Blood perfusion at Dazhui（GV 14） and Jianjing（GB 21） acupoints（affected side） was observed with a laser speckle flowmetry, and its variations before and after treatment in both groups were compared as well. Results： In both groups, the VAS scores significantly decreased after the intervention（P〈0.01）, while the blood perfusion at the two acupoints significantly increased after intervention（P〈0.05）; however, the increasement magnitude caused by WCT was obvious compared with JA（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： WCT could improve analgesic effects in patients with NT-CS, which might be related to increasing local blood perfusion of acupunct points.
文摘草地是宁夏陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,估算其净初级生产力(NPP)对宁夏草地可持续利用与管理至关重要。采用MODIS数据和CASA模型对2000—2015年间宁夏草地生态系统NPP进行了估算,通过一元线性回归趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法研究草地NPP的时空变化规律及未来演变趋势,并分析草地NPP与气象因子的相关性。结果表明:(1)基于CASA模型的宁夏草地NPP模拟精度高,其估算值与实测多年草地NPP均值具有良好的线性关系(R=0.93,P<0.01),与MOD17产品的草地NPP空间分布基本一致。(2)近16 a宁夏草地年均NPP为148.28 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),且存在波动上升的趋势,其线性增长率为3.84 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)(P<0.01)。(3)宁夏草地NPP整体处于上升趋势,草地NPP增长的草地面积达98%,且其增率自南向北递减;宁夏草地NPP的Hurst指数在0.27—0.81之间,均值为0.53,大部分草地的NPP变化趋势具有较强同向持续性。(4)在年时间尺度上,宁夏草地NPP主要受降水量的影响,与气温的相关性较弱;在月时间尺度上,生长季草地NPP与月总降水量的相关性高,且不存在时间滞后响应现象,而与月均温的响应则存在1个月的时间滞后性,宁夏大面积分布的干草原与荒漠草原NPP对气温响应滞后是导致这一现象发生的主要原因。
