Acid rain is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, a pot experiment using forest soils planted with the seedlings of four woody species was performed with weekly treatments of pH 4.40, 4.00, 3.52, ...Acid rain is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, a pot experiment using forest soils planted with the seedlings of four woody species was performed with weekly treatments of pH 4.40, 4.00, 3.52, and 3.05 simulated acid rain (SAR) for 42 months compared to a control of pH 5.00 lake water. The cumulative amounts of C and N mineralization in the five treated soils were determined after incubation at 25 ℃ for 65 d to examine the effects of SAR treatments. For all five treatments, cumulative CO2-C production ranged from 20.24 to 27.81 mg kg-1 dry soil, net production of available N from 17.37 to 48.95 mg kg-1 dry soil, and net production of NO-3 -N from 9.09 to 46.23 mg kg-1 dry soil. SAR treatments generally enhanced the emission of CO2-C from the soils; however, SAR with pH 3.05 inhibited the emission. SAR treatments decreased the net production of available N and NO3-N. The cumulative CH4 and N2O productions from the soils increased with increasing amount of simulated acid rain. The cumulative CO2-C production and the net production of available N of the soil under Acmena acuminatissima were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those under Schima superba and Cryptocarya concinna. The mineralization of soil organic C was related to the contents of soil organic C and N, but was not related to soil pH. However, the overall effect of acid rain on the storage of soil organic matter and the cycling of important nutrients depended on the amount of acid deposition and the types of forests.展开更多
We reported a case of huge gastric phytobezoar. The gastric phytobezoar was successfully removed through gastrotomy after two failed attempts in endoscopic fragmentation and removal. Disopyrobezoars could be treated e...We reported a case of huge gastric phytobezoar. The gastric phytobezoar was successfully removed through gastrotomy after two failed attempts in endoscopic fragmentation and removal. Disopyrobezoars could be treated either conservatively or surgically. Gastrotomy or laparoscopical management is recommended for the treatment of huge disopyrobezoars.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by al...BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky perf展开更多
To understand the mechanism of fluoride removal from the simulated zinc sulfate solution by the La(III)-modified zeolite,the adsorbent was characterized by XRD,SEM and EDS.The effects of absorbent dose and contact tim...To understand the mechanism of fluoride removal from the simulated zinc sulfate solution by the La(III)-modified zeolite,the adsorbent was characterized by XRD,SEM and EDS.The effects of absorbent dose and contact time,the adsorption isotherms and the sorption kinetics were investigated.The experimental results were compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model.The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities are 20.83 and 23.04 mg/g at 303 and 313 K,respectively.And the physisorption is revealed using the Temkin isotherm model and the D-R isotherm model.The sorption process is more suitable by the pseudo-second-order kinetic models.Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy change(ΔGΘ<0 kJ/mol),standard enthalpy change(ΔHΘ=8.28 kJ/mol)and standard entropy change(ΔSΘ=0.030 kJ/(mol?K))indicate the spontaneity of adsorption and endothermic physical sorption.Furthermore,the fluoride concentration in the industrial zinc sulfate solution decreases from 98.05 to 44.09 mg/L with the adsorbent dosage of 15 g/L.展开更多
In order to study the coupling problem between methane drainage and spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the collapsed zone after mining ignitable coal seams with high methane,we have analyzed the effects of dif...In order to study the coupling problem between methane drainage and spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the collapsed zone after mining ignitable coal seams with high methane,we have analyzed the effects of differ-ent methane drainage modes on spontaneous combustion of residual coal through numerical simulation. The results show that deep and large flux methane drainage modes increases the air leakage from work faces to the goaf and formed new spontaneous combustion zones induced by drainage near vents,which increases the risk of self-ignition of coal—reducing the self-ignition period and enlarging the scale of self-ignition. The spontaneous upstream combustion oxidation of the main fire zone can be suppressed when both drainage and nitrogen injection were adopted. Our research results provide an effective technical measure and theoretical basis to determine the best methane drainage scheme and drainage parameters.展开更多
Spatial patterns of species at different life stages are an important aspect for understanding causal mechanisms that facilitate species co-existence. Using Ripley＇s univariate L（t） and bivariate L12（t） functions...Spatial patterns of species at different life stages are an important aspect for understanding causal mechanisms that facilitate species co-existence. Using Ripley＇s univariate L（t） and bivariate L12（t） functions, we analyzed the spatial patterns and inter.specific associations of three canopy species at different life history stages in a 20-ha subtropical forest plot in Dinghushan Nature Reserve. Based on diameter at breast height （DBH）, four life stages were distinguished. Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba showed a unimodal DBH distribution. Engelhardtia roxburghiana showed a bimodal curve. L（t） function analysis showed significantly aggregated distributions of all three species at later life stages and random distribution at early life stages at some scales. From the analysis of L12（t） function, the results showed the positive association was a dominant pattern for most species pairs at most scales but the intensity of association decreases with the increase of life stages. Juveniles of the three species had no negative intra- and interspecific associations with the older life stages. Only premature trees were suppressed by overmature trees at some scales. Considering these results, we found three canopy-dominant species that lacked regeneration. There was no direct competition occurring between understorey individuals. Young trees can grow well under conspecific species with two other species. Longevity and lack of regeneration led to a large number of trees stored in mature and overmature stages, therefore, intra- and inter-competition can be strong at later life stages.展开更多
Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from mycelia and spores of the fungus Cordyceps cicadae,respectively.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Seph...Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from mycelia and spores of the fungus Cordyceps cicadae,respectively.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and reversed phase HPLC.The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1 D and 2D NMR.Results Nine known sterols such as ergosterol（1）,ergosterol peroxide（2）,9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide（3）,3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one（4）,3β,5α,9α,14α-tetrahydroxy-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one（5）,5 α,6α-e poxy-（22 E,,24 R）-e rgosta-8（14）,22-diene-3α,7α-diol （6）, 3β,5α,6β-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-3,5,6-triol （7）, 3β,5α,6α-6- methoxyergosta-（22E,24R）-7,22-diene-3,5-diol （8）, 4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol （9）, together with a resorcinol derivative, 5-n-nonadecylresorcinol （10）, a cydo- desipeptide, beauvericin （11）, and a nucleoside, N^6-（2-hydroxyethyl）adenosine （12） were successively isolated from the cultivated C. cicadaemycelia and spores. Conclusion Compounds 3-10 are reported for the first time from the title sample, beauvericin exhibits significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell line and human lung cancer cell line.展开更多
Background： Regulatory T-cells （Treg） play key roles in suppressing cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. Little is known about perioperative Treg fluctuations in nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Video-ass...Background： Regulatory T-cells （Treg） play key roles in suppressing cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. Little is known about perioperative Treg fluctuations in nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Video-assisted thoracoscopic （VATS） lobectomy, as a minimal invasive procedure for treating NSCLC, may have relatively less impact on the patient＇s immune system. This study aimed to observe perioperative dynamics of circulating Treg and natural killer （NK） cell levels in NSCLC patients who underwent major Iobectomy by VATS or thoracotomy. Methods： Totally, 98 consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC were recruited and assigned into VATS or thoracotomy groups. Peripheral blood samples were taken on 1-day prior to operation, postoperative days （PODs） I, 3, 7, 30, and 90. Circulating Treg and NK cell counts were assayed by flow cytometry, defined as CD4＋CD25＋CD127w cells in CD4＋ lymphocytes and CD56＋I6＋CD3 cells within CD45＋ leukocytes respectively. With SPSS software version 21.0 （SPSS Inc., USA）, differences between VATS and thoracotomy groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）, and differences between preoperative baseline and PODs in each group were evaluated by one-way ANOVA Dunnett t-test. Results： In both groups, postoperative Treg percentages were lower than preoperative status. No statistical difference was found between VATS and thoracotomy groups on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 30. On POD 90, Treg percentage in VATS group was significantly lower than in thoracotomy group （5.26 ± 2.75 vs. 6.99 ±3.60, P = 0.012）. However, a higher level of NK was found on all PODs except on POD 90 in VATS group, comparing to thoracotomy group. Conclusions： Lower Treg level on POD 90 and higher NK levels on PODs 1, 3, 7, 30 in VATS group might imply better preserved cell-mediated immune function in NSCLC patients, than those in thoracotomy group.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a novel class of-22-nt, .non-coding, short single-stranded RNAs producedfrom endogenous genes by the sequential action of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Increasing evidence shows that...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a novel class of-22-nt, .non-coding, short single-stranded RNAs producedfrom endogenous genes by the sequential action of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs play a critical role in regulating inflammatory and innate immunity.1,2 However, whether miRNAs are involved in the altered function of innate immune cells and ultimately contribute to the development of acute lung injury （ALl） remains largely unknown. It is worth studying the expression profiles of miRNAs in mouse lungs stimulated by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, which may be very important in the regulation of inflammatory mediators during ALI. In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in LPS-induced ALI in mice.展开更多
The research in circularly polarized luminescence has attracted wide interest in recent years.Efforts on one side are directed toward the development of chiral materials with both high luminescence efficiency and diss...The research in circularly polarized luminescence has attracted wide interest in recent years.Efforts on one side are directed toward the development of chiral materials with both high luminescence efficiency and dissymmetry factors,and on the other side,are focused on the exploitations of these materials in optoelectronic applications.This review summarizes the recent frontiers(mostly within five years)in the research in circularly polarized luminescence,including the development of chiral emissive materials based on organic small molecules,compounds with aggregation-induced emissions,supramolecular assemblies,liquid crystals and liquids,polymers,metal-ligand coordination complexes and assemblies,metal clusters,inorganic nanomaterials,and photon upconversion systems.In addition,recent applications of related materials in organic light-emitting devices,circularly polarized light detectors,and organic lasers and displays are also discussed.展开更多
We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angl...We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was measured.This result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet source.Notably,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.展开更多
This study focuses on the effects of different cold-drawing deformations and aging treatments of solid solution A286 superalloy.The grain configuration,texture,precipitates and tensile strength of A286 superalloy afte...This study focuses on the effects of different cold-drawing deformations and aging treatments of solid solution A286 superalloy.The grain configuration,texture,precipitates and tensile strength of A286 superalloy after different deformations and aging treatments were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and mechanical testing machine.The grain size and configuration of A286 alloy can hardly be changed during aging process.The initially equiaxial and twinned crystals are obvious when deformation is less than30%,while the grain boundaries become blurry and slip bands appear after 35% deformation or more.γ’ phase and Cr-rich carbide are the precipitates of A286 alloy.For each deformation,γ’ phase plays a major role during aging and its amount increases gradually when the aging temperature changes from 650 to 680℃,and a maximum tensile strength appears when following two-stage aging.With deformation increasing,the amounts of γ’ phase and Crrich carbide increase in varying degrees.Meanwhile,the<111>wire textures become more obvious,the tensile strength is enhanced and the kernel average misorientation(KAM)increases gradually;the higher KAM of crystal lattices diffuses from the grain boundary to the matrix gradually.展开更多
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and focus on discussing its relationship with the duration of initial invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)in very ...Objectives We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and focus on discussing its relationship with the duration of initial invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)in very preterm neonates less than 32 weeks of gestational age(GA).Methods We performed a prospective cohort study involving infants born at 23–31 weeks of GA who were admitted to 47 different neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)hospitals in China from January 2018 to December 2021.Patient data were obtained from the Sina-northern Neonatal Network(SNN)Database.Results We identified 6538 very preterm infants,of whom 49.5%(3236/6538)received initial IMV support,and 12.6%(823/6538)were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe BPD symptoms.The median duration of initial IMV in the moderateto-severe BPD group was 26(17–41)days,while in the no or mild BPD group,it was 6(3–10)days.The incidence rate of moderate-to-severe BPD and the median duration of initial IMV were quite different across different GAs.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the onset of moderate-to-severe BPD was significantly associated with the duration of initial IMV[adjusted odds ratio(AOR):1.97;95%confidence interval(CI):1.10–2.67],late-onset neonatal sepsis(LONS),and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).Conclusion In this multicenter cohort study,the duration of initial IMV was still relatively long in very premature infants,and the longer duration of initial IMV accounts for the increased risk of moderate-to-severe BPD.展开更多
5Ni/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet materials were prepared by cold pressing sintering method in different atmospheres. The phase compositions were studied by XRD, microstructure was studied by SEM and mechanical properties ...5Ni/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet materials were prepared by cold pressing sintering method in different atmospheres. The phase compositions were studied by XRD, microstructure was studied by SEM and mechanical properties were studied by three-point-bending strength and heat cycle. The results show that Ni/（NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet can be obtained by sintering in vacuum or atmospheres with oxygen content of 2×10-5, 2×10-4 and 2×10-3, respectively, but the phase composition of the ceramics varies greatly with oxygen content of the sintering atmosphere. The cermet tends to have a high content of NiO when sintered in vacuum. The content of NiFe2O4 and Ni in the cermet materials respectively increases and decreases with increasing oxygen in the sintering atmosphere. In the vacuum, cermet has an average grain size of 3.90 μm and bending strength of 138.59 MPa, which is able to withstand thermal shock tests 6.67 times in average.展开更多
Materials with efficient circularly polarized phosphorescences(CPPs) are of potential use in advanced data encryption and anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, optoelectronic devices and so forth. Herein, a simple method is...Materials with efficient circularly polarized phosphorescences(CPPs) are of potential use in advanced data encryption and anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, optoelectronic devices and so forth. Herein, a simple method is presented for the preparations of CPP-active micro/nanocrystals with large luminescence dissymmetry factors(glum), high phosphorescence quantum efficiencies(Φ_(P)) and tunable emission colors. Diastereomeric Ir^(Ⅲ) and Ru^(Ⅱ) complexes with chiral(±)-camphorsulfonate counter-anions are readily synthesized and assembled into crystalline microrods, microplates or nanofibers with ordered morphologies. The chirality information of chiral counter-anions is efficiently transferred to the metal components to afford CPPs with cyan, green,yellow, or red emission colors and Φ_(P)in the range of 5%–85%. The number of chiral anions is found to play a role in influencing the CPP magnitudes of these crystals. The dicationic Ru^(Ⅱ) and tricationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes show glumvalues in the 10^(-2)order, which are much larger with respect to those of monocationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes. Single crystal X-ray analysis is performed to obtain information on the chirality transfer of these materials. In addition, circularly polarized photonic signal waveguiding is demonstrated using the microcrystals of an Ir^(Ⅲ)complex. This work demonstrates an appealing strategy of constructing chiral micro/nano-architectures for potential applications in chiral nanophotonics.展开更多
BACKGROUND The ideal depth of general anesthesia should achieve the required levels of hypnosis,analgesia,and muscle relaxation while minimizing physiologic responses to awareness.The choice of anesthetic strategy in ...BACKGROUND The ideal depth of general anesthesia should achieve the required levels of hypnosis,analgesia,and muscle relaxation while minimizing physiologic responses to awareness.The choice of anesthetic strategy in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)undergoing major noncardiac surgery is becoming an increasingly important issue as the population ages.This is because general anesthesia is associated with a risk of perioperative cardiac complications and death,and this risk is much higher in people with CHD.AIM To compare hemodynamic function and cardiovascular event rate between etomidate-and propofol-based anesthesia in patients with CHD.METHODS This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients(American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III)with stable CHD(New York Heart Association class I/II)undergoing major noncardiac surgery.The patients were randomly allocated to receive either etomidate/remifentanil-based or propofol/remifentanil-based general anesthesia.Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random number table and sequentially numbered,opaque,sealed envelopes.Concealment was maintained until the patient had arrived in the operating theater,at which point the consulting anesthetist opened the envelope.All patients,data collectors,and data analyzers were blinded to the type of anesthesia used.The primary endpoints were the occurrence of cardiovascular events(bradycardia,tachycardia,hypotension,ST-T segment changes,and ventricular premature beats)during anesthesia and cardiac troponin I level at 24 h.The secondary endpoints were hemodynamic parameters,bispectral index,and use of vasopressors during anesthesia.RESULTS The final analysis included 40 patients in each of the propofol and etomidate groups.The incidences of bradycardia,hypotension,ST-T segment changes,and ventricular premature beats during anesthesia were significantly higher in the propofol group than in the etomidate group(P<0.05 for all).The incidence of tachycardia was similar between the two groups.Cardiac tropo展开更多
Neural stem cells （NSCs） are effective in treating Parkinsonian animals. Although cell transplantation is considered a promising treatment for Parkinson disease （PD）, its clinical use has been limited to only a fe...Neural stem cells （NSCs） are effective in treating Parkinsonian animals. Although cell transplantation is considered a promising treatment for Parkinson disease （PD）, its clinical use has been limited to only a few patients. The major limiting factors of this therapy are difficulty in obtaining sufficient viable embryonic mesencephalic tissue and the controversial ethical and/or legal issues raised by the use of human fetal allografts. Some reports suggest that Schwann cells （SCs） can promote the proliferation of embryonic stem cells and the induction of dopaminergic neurons. Our research focused on potential curative effects of co-graft SCs with mesencephalic stem cells into Parkinsonian animals and elucidating the underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Gradiently denitrated gun propellant(GDGP)prepared by a“gradient denitration”strategy is obviously superior in progressive burning performance to the traditional deterred gun propellant.Currently,the preparation of ...Gradiently denitrated gun propellant(GDGP)prepared by a“gradient denitration”strategy is obviously superior in progressive burning performance to the traditional deterred gun propellant.Currently,the preparation of GDGP employed a tedious two-step method involving organic solvents,which hinders the large-scale preparation of GDGP.In this paper,GDGP was successfully prepared via a novelty and environmentally friendly one-step method.The obtained samples were characterized by FT-IR,Raman,SEM and XPS.The results showed that the content of nitrate groups gradiently increased from the surface to the core in the surface layer of GDGP and the surface layer of GDGP exhibited a higher compaction than that of raw gun propellant,with a well-preserved nitrocellulose structure.The denitration process enabled the propellant surface with regressive energy density and good progressive burning performance,as confirmed by oxygen bomb and closed bomb test.At the same time,the effects of different solvents on the component loss of propellant were compared.The result showed that water caused the least component loss.Finally,the stability of GDGP was confirmed by methyl-violet test.This work not only provided environmentally friendly,simple and economic preparation of GDGP,but also confirmed the stability of GDGP prepared by this method.展开更多
Dear Editor, MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small non-coding RNAs of -22 nucleotides （nt） in length that bind to the 3＇UTRs of their target mRNAs, leading to translational inhibition or mRNA degradation （Bartel, 2009）....Dear Editor, MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small non-coding RNAs of -22 nucleotides （nt） in length that bind to the 3＇UTRs of their target mRNAs, leading to translational inhibition or mRNA degradation （Bartel, 2009）. miRNAs regulate the expression of hundreds of genes involved in various biological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, metastasis, and autophagy （Flynt and Lai, 2008; Frankel and Lund, 2012; Ventura and Jacks, 2009）. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs may act as oncogenes or antioncogenes in tumorigenesis of various cancers （Hammond, 2015）.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to develop an implementable strategy of brake energy recovery for a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus. Based on brake process analysis, a dynamic programming algorithm of brake energy recovery...The purpose of this paper is to develop an implementable strategy of brake energy recovery for a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus. Based on brake process analysis, a dynamic programming algorithm of brake energy recovery is established. And then an implementable strategy of brake energy recovery is proposed by the constraint variable trajectories analysis of the dynamic programming algorithm in the typical urban bus cycle. The simulation results indicate the brake energy recovery efficiency of the accumulator can reach 60% in the dynamic programming algorithm. And the hydraulic hybrid system can output braking torque as much as possible.Moreover, the accumulator has almost equal efficiency of brake energy recovery between the implementable strategy and the dynamic programming algorithm. Therefore, the implementable strategy is very effective in improving the efficiency of brake energy recovery.The road tests show the fuel economy of the hydraulic hybrid bus improves by 22.6% compared with the conventional bus.展开更多
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-SW-120)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470306)
文摘Acid rain is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, a pot experiment using forest soils planted with the seedlings of four woody species was performed with weekly treatments of pH 4.40, 4.00, 3.52, and 3.05 simulated acid rain (SAR) for 42 months compared to a control of pH 5.00 lake water. The cumulative amounts of C and N mineralization in the five treated soils were determined after incubation at 25 ℃ for 65 d to examine the effects of SAR treatments. For all five treatments, cumulative CO2-C production ranged from 20.24 to 27.81 mg kg-1 dry soil, net production of available N from 17.37 to 48.95 mg kg-1 dry soil, and net production of NO-3 -N from 9.09 to 46.23 mg kg-1 dry soil. SAR treatments generally enhanced the emission of CO2-C from the soils; however, SAR with pH 3.05 inhibited the emission. SAR treatments decreased the net production of available N and NO3-N. The cumulative CH4 and N2O productions from the soils increased with increasing amount of simulated acid rain. The cumulative CO2-C production and the net production of available N of the soil under Acmena acuminatissima were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those under Schima superba and Cryptocarya concinna. The mineralization of soil organic C was related to the contents of soil organic C and N, but was not related to soil pH. However, the overall effect of acid rain on the storage of soil organic matter and the cycling of important nutrients depended on the amount of acid deposition and the types of forests.
文摘We reported a case of huge gastric phytobezoar. The gastric phytobezoar was successfully removed through gastrotomy after two failed attempts in endoscopic fragmentation and removal. Disopyrobezoars could be treated either conservatively or surgically. Gastrotomy or laparoscopical management is recommended for the treatment of huge disopyrobezoars.
基金supported by business proposals research and special topics of 2012 Annual National TCM Clinical Research Base (No. JDZX2012119)
文摘BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky perf
基金Projects(51474238,51674301)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To understand the mechanism of fluoride removal from the simulated zinc sulfate solution by the La(III)-modified zeolite,the adsorbent was characterized by XRD,SEM and EDS.The effects of absorbent dose and contact time,the adsorption isotherms and the sorption kinetics were investigated.The experimental results were compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model.The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities are 20.83 and 23.04 mg/g at 303 and 313 K,respectively.And the physisorption is revealed using the Temkin isotherm model and the D-R isotherm model.The sorption process is more suitable by the pseudo-second-order kinetic models.Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy change(ΔGΘ<0 kJ/mol),standard enthalpy change(ΔHΘ=8.28 kJ/mol)and standard entropy change(ΔSΘ=0.030 kJ/(mol?K))indicate the spontaneity of adsorption and endothermic physical sorption.Furthermore,the fluoride concentration in the industrial zinc sulfate solution decreases from 98.05 to 44.09 mg/L with the adsorbent dosage of 15 g/L.
基金Project 50574038 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study the coupling problem between methane drainage and spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the collapsed zone after mining ignitable coal seams with high methane,we have analyzed the effects of differ-ent methane drainage modes on spontaneous combustion of residual coal through numerical simulation. The results show that deep and large flux methane drainage modes increases the air leakage from work faces to the goaf and formed new spontaneous combustion zones induced by drainage near vents,which increases the risk of self-ignition of coal—reducing the self-ignition period and enlarging the scale of self-ignition. The spontaneous upstream combustion oxidation of the main fire zone can be suppressed when both drainage and nitrogen injection were adopted. Our research results provide an effective technical measure and theoretical basis to determine the best methane drainage scheme and drainage parameters.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-430) and the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network
文摘Spatial patterns of species at different life stages are an important aspect for understanding causal mechanisms that facilitate species co-existence. Using Ripley＇s univariate L（t） and bivariate L12（t） functions, we analyzed the spatial patterns and inter.specific associations of three canopy species at different life history stages in a 20-ha subtropical forest plot in Dinghushan Nature Reserve. Based on diameter at breast height （DBH）, four life stages were distinguished. Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba showed a unimodal DBH distribution. Engelhardtia roxburghiana showed a bimodal curve. L（t） function analysis showed significantly aggregated distributions of all three species at later life stages and random distribution at early life stages at some scales. From the analysis of L12（t） function, the results showed the positive association was a dominant pattern for most species pairs at most scales but the intensity of association decreases with the increase of life stages. Juveniles of the three species had no negative intra- and interspecific associations with the older life stages. Only premature trees were suppressed by overmature trees at some scales. Considering these results, we found three canopy-dominant species that lacked regeneration. There was no direct competition occurring between understorey individuals. Young trees can grow well under conspecific species with two other species. Longevity and lack of regeneration led to a large number of trees stored in mature and overmature stages, therefore, intra- and inter-competition can be strong at later life stages.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81520108028,81273430,41306130,81302692,41676073,81603022)SCTSM Project(No.14431901100,15431901000)+4 种基金Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CASIMM0120152039)SKLDR/SIMM Projects(SIMM 1501ZZ-03)“Youth Innovation Promotion Association”from Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2016258)“Young Talent Supporting Project”from China Association for Science and Technology(No.2016QNRC001)Shanghai“Pujiang Program”(No.16PJ1410600)
文摘Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from mycelia and spores of the fungus Cordyceps cicadae,respectively.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and reversed phase HPLC.The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1 D and 2D NMR.Results Nine known sterols such as ergosterol（1）,ergosterol peroxide（2）,9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide（3）,3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one（4）,3β,5α,9α,14α-tetrahydroxy-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one（5）,5 α,6α-e poxy-（22 E,,24 R）-e rgosta-8（14）,22-diene-3α,7α-diol （6）, 3β,5α,6β-（22E,24R）-ergosta-7,22-dien-3,5,6-triol （7）, 3β,5α,6α-6- methoxyergosta-（22E,24R）-7,22-diene-3,5-diol （8）, 4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol （9）, together with a resorcinol derivative, 5-n-nonadecylresorcinol （10）, a cydo- desipeptide, beauvericin （11）, and a nucleoside, N^6-（2-hydroxyethyl）adenosine （12） were successively isolated from the cultivated C. cicadaemycelia and spores. Conclusion Compounds 3-10 are reported for the first time from the title sample, beauvericin exhibits significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell line and human lung cancer cell line.
文摘Background： Regulatory T-cells （Treg） play key roles in suppressing cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. Little is known about perioperative Treg fluctuations in nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Video-assisted thoracoscopic （VATS） lobectomy, as a minimal invasive procedure for treating NSCLC, may have relatively less impact on the patient＇s immune system. This study aimed to observe perioperative dynamics of circulating Treg and natural killer （NK） cell levels in NSCLC patients who underwent major Iobectomy by VATS or thoracotomy. Methods： Totally, 98 consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC were recruited and assigned into VATS or thoracotomy groups. Peripheral blood samples were taken on 1-day prior to operation, postoperative days （PODs） I, 3, 7, 30, and 90. Circulating Treg and NK cell counts were assayed by flow cytometry, defined as CD4＋CD25＋CD127w cells in CD4＋ lymphocytes and CD56＋I6＋CD3 cells within CD45＋ leukocytes respectively. With SPSS software version 21.0 （SPSS Inc., USA）, differences between VATS and thoracotomy groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）, and differences between preoperative baseline and PODs in each group were evaluated by one-way ANOVA Dunnett t-test. Results： In both groups, postoperative Treg percentages were lower than preoperative status. No statistical difference was found between VATS and thoracotomy groups on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 30. On POD 90, Treg percentage in VATS group was significantly lower than in thoracotomy group （5.26 ± 2.75 vs. 6.99 ±3.60, P = 0.012）. However, a higher level of NK was found on all PODs except on POD 90 in VATS group, comparing to thoracotomy group. Conclusions： Lower Treg level on POD 90 and higher NK levels on PODs 1, 3, 7, 30 in VATS group might imply better preserved cell-mediated immune function in NSCLC patients, than those in thoracotomy group.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a novel class of-22-nt, .non-coding, short single-stranded RNAs producedfrom endogenous genes by the sequential action of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs play a critical role in regulating inflammatory and innate immunity.1,2 However, whether miRNAs are involved in the altered function of innate immune cells and ultimately contribute to the development of acute lung injury （ALl） remains largely unknown. It is worth studying the expression profiles of miRNAs in mouse lungs stimulated by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, which may be very important in the regulation of inflammatory mediators during ALI. In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in LPS-induced ALI in mice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21925112,22090021,21890734,21975118,51973011,52003022,91956119,92061201,21825106,91856115,21874058,21771114,91956130)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(C6014-20W)the Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC-CNERC14SC01)。
文摘The research in circularly polarized luminescence has attracted wide interest in recent years.Efforts on one side are directed toward the development of chiral materials with both high luminescence efficiency and dissymmetry factors,and on the other side,are focused on the exploitations of these materials in optoelectronic applications.This review summarizes the recent frontiers(mostly within five years)in the research in circularly polarized luminescence,including the development of chiral emissive materials based on organic small molecules,compounds with aggregation-induced emissions,supramolecular assemblies,liquid crystals and liquids,polymers,metal-ligand coordination complexes and assemblies,metal clusters,inorganic nanomaterials,and photon upconversion systems.In addition,recent applications of related materials in organic light-emitting devices,circularly polarized light detectors,and organic lasers and displays are also discussed.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205360)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2018297)。
文摘We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was measured.This result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet source.Notably,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 11502285)
文摘This study focuses on the effects of different cold-drawing deformations and aging treatments of solid solution A286 superalloy.The grain configuration,texture,precipitates and tensile strength of A286 superalloy after different deformations and aging treatments were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and mechanical testing machine.The grain size and configuration of A286 alloy can hardly be changed during aging process.The initially equiaxial and twinned crystals are obvious when deformation is less than30%,while the grain boundaries become blurry and slip bands appear after 35% deformation or more.γ’ phase and Cr-rich carbide are the precipitates of A286 alloy.For each deformation,γ’ phase plays a major role during aging and its amount increases gradually when the aging temperature changes from 650 to 680℃,and a maximum tensile strength appears when following two-stage aging.With deformation increasing,the amounts of γ’ phase and Crrich carbide increase in varying degrees.Meanwhile,the<111>wire textures become more obvious,the tensile strength is enhanced and the kernel average misorientation(KAM)increases gradually;the higher KAM of crystal lattices diffuses from the grain boundary to the matrix gradually.
基金supported by the Project of“2021 Shandong Medical Association Clinical Research Fund”(Qilu Special Project,YXH2022DZX0200X)Shandong Key Research and Development Project(2018GSF118163).
文摘Objectives We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and focus on discussing its relationship with the duration of initial invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)in very preterm neonates less than 32 weeks of gestational age(GA).Methods We performed a prospective cohort study involving infants born at 23–31 weeks of GA who were admitted to 47 different neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)hospitals in China from January 2018 to December 2021.Patient data were obtained from the Sina-northern Neonatal Network(SNN)Database.Results We identified 6538 very preterm infants,of whom 49.5%(3236/6538)received initial IMV support,and 12.6%(823/6538)were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe BPD symptoms.The median duration of initial IMV in the moderateto-severe BPD group was 26(17–41)days,while in the no or mild BPD group,it was 6(3–10)days.The incidence rate of moderate-to-severe BPD and the median duration of initial IMV were quite different across different GAs.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the onset of moderate-to-severe BPD was significantly associated with the duration of initial IMV[adjusted odds ratio(AOR):1.97;95%confidence interval(CI):1.10–2.67],late-onset neonatal sepsis(LONS),and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).Conclusion In this multicenter cohort study,the duration of initial IMV was still relatively long in very premature infants,and the longer duration of initial IMV accounts for the increased risk of moderate-to-severe BPD.
基金Project (2001AA335013) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘5Ni/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet materials were prepared by cold pressing sintering method in different atmospheres. The phase compositions were studied by XRD, microstructure was studied by SEM and mechanical properties were studied by three-point-bending strength and heat cycle. The results show that Ni/（NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet can be obtained by sintering in vacuum or atmospheres with oxygen content of 2×10-5, 2×10-4 and 2×10-3, respectively, but the phase composition of the ceramics varies greatly with oxygen content of the sintering atmosphere. The cermet tends to have a high content of NiO when sintered in vacuum. The content of NiFe2O4 and Ni in the cermet materials respectively increases and decreases with increasing oxygen in the sintering atmosphere. In the vacuum, cermet has an average grain size of 3.90 μm and bending strength of 138.59 MPa, which is able to withstand thermal shock tests 6.67 times in average.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2022YFA1204401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21925112, 22090021)the BMS Junior Fellow of Beijing National Labortory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)。
文摘Materials with efficient circularly polarized phosphorescences(CPPs) are of potential use in advanced data encryption and anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, optoelectronic devices and so forth. Herein, a simple method is presented for the preparations of CPP-active micro/nanocrystals with large luminescence dissymmetry factors(glum), high phosphorescence quantum efficiencies(Φ_(P)) and tunable emission colors. Diastereomeric Ir^(Ⅲ) and Ru^(Ⅱ) complexes with chiral(±)-camphorsulfonate counter-anions are readily synthesized and assembled into crystalline microrods, microplates or nanofibers with ordered morphologies. The chirality information of chiral counter-anions is efficiently transferred to the metal components to afford CPPs with cyan, green,yellow, or red emission colors and Φ_(P)in the range of 5%–85%. The number of chiral anions is found to play a role in influencing the CPP magnitudes of these crystals. The dicationic Ru^(Ⅱ) and tricationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes show glumvalues in the 10^(-2)order, which are much larger with respect to those of monocationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes. Single crystal X-ray analysis is performed to obtain information on the chirality transfer of these materials. In addition, circularly polarized photonic signal waveguiding is demonstrated using the microcrystals of an Ir^(Ⅲ)complex. This work demonstrates an appealing strategy of constructing chiral micro/nano-architectures for potential applications in chiral nanophotonics.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Foundation,No.JCYJ20170307100314152Shenzhen Health Research Fund,No.SZLY2018011, No.SZXJ2017029+2 种基金Guangdong Medical Research Fund,No.A2018008 and No.A2019382Scientific Research Fund of Shenzhen People’s Hospital,No.SYLY201706and Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund,No.SZXK012.
文摘BACKGROUND The ideal depth of general anesthesia should achieve the required levels of hypnosis,analgesia,and muscle relaxation while minimizing physiologic responses to awareness.The choice of anesthetic strategy in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)undergoing major noncardiac surgery is becoming an increasingly important issue as the population ages.This is because general anesthesia is associated with a risk of perioperative cardiac complications and death,and this risk is much higher in people with CHD.AIM To compare hemodynamic function and cardiovascular event rate between etomidate-and propofol-based anesthesia in patients with CHD.METHODS This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients(American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III)with stable CHD(New York Heart Association class I/II)undergoing major noncardiac surgery.The patients were randomly allocated to receive either etomidate/remifentanil-based or propofol/remifentanil-based general anesthesia.Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random number table and sequentially numbered,opaque,sealed envelopes.Concealment was maintained until the patient had arrived in the operating theater,at which point the consulting anesthetist opened the envelope.All patients,data collectors,and data analyzers were blinded to the type of anesthesia used.The primary endpoints were the occurrence of cardiovascular events(bradycardia,tachycardia,hypotension,ST-T segment changes,and ventricular premature beats)during anesthesia and cardiac troponin I level at 24 h.The secondary endpoints were hemodynamic parameters,bispectral index,and use of vasopressors during anesthesia.RESULTS The final analysis included 40 patients in each of the propofol and etomidate groups.The incidences of bradycardia,hypotension,ST-T segment changes,and ventricular premature beats during anesthesia were significantly higher in the propofol group than in the etomidate group(P<0.05 for all).The incidence of tachycardia was similar between the two groups.Cardiac tropo
文摘Neural stem cells （NSCs） are effective in treating Parkinsonian animals. Although cell transplantation is considered a promising treatment for Parkinson disease （PD）, its clinical use has been limited to only a few patients. The major limiting factors of this therapy are difficulty in obtaining sufficient viable embryonic mesencephalic tissue and the controversial ethical and/or legal issues raised by the use of human fetal allografts. Some reports suggest that Schwann cells （SCs） can promote the proliferation of embryonic stem cells and the induction of dopaminergic neurons. Our research focused on potential curative effects of co-graft SCs with mesencephalic stem cells into Parkinsonian animals and elucidating the underlying mechanisms.
文摘Gradiently denitrated gun propellant(GDGP)prepared by a“gradient denitration”strategy is obviously superior in progressive burning performance to the traditional deterred gun propellant.Currently,the preparation of GDGP employed a tedious two-step method involving organic solvents,which hinders the large-scale preparation of GDGP.In this paper,GDGP was successfully prepared via a novelty and environmentally friendly one-step method.The obtained samples were characterized by FT-IR,Raman,SEM and XPS.The results showed that the content of nitrate groups gradiently increased from the surface to the core in the surface layer of GDGP and the surface layer of GDGP exhibited a higher compaction than that of raw gun propellant,with a well-preserved nitrocellulose structure.The denitration process enabled the propellant surface with regressive energy density and good progressive burning performance,as confirmed by oxygen bomb and closed bomb test.At the same time,the effects of different solvents on the component loss of propellant were compared.The result showed that water caused the least component loss.Finally,the stability of GDGP was confirmed by methyl-violet test.This work not only provided environmentally friendly,simple and economic preparation of GDGP,but also confirmed the stability of GDGP prepared by this method.
文摘Dear Editor, MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small non-coding RNAs of -22 nucleotides （nt） in length that bind to the 3＇UTRs of their target mRNAs, leading to translational inhibition or mRNA degradation （Bartel, 2009）. miRNAs regulate the expression of hundreds of genes involved in various biological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, metastasis, and autophagy （Flynt and Lai, 2008; Frankel and Lund, 2012; Ventura and Jacks, 2009）. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs may act as oncogenes or antioncogenes in tumorigenesis of various cancers （Hammond, 2015）.
基金supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.0904H155100)
文摘The purpose of this paper is to develop an implementable strategy of brake energy recovery for a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus. Based on brake process analysis, a dynamic programming algorithm of brake energy recovery is established. And then an implementable strategy of brake energy recovery is proposed by the constraint variable trajectories analysis of the dynamic programming algorithm in the typical urban bus cycle. The simulation results indicate the brake energy recovery efficiency of the accumulator can reach 60% in the dynamic programming algorithm. And the hydraulic hybrid system can output braking torque as much as possible.Moreover, the accumulator has almost equal efficiency of brake energy recovery between the implementable strategy and the dynamic programming algorithm. Therefore, the implementable strategy is very effective in improving the efficiency of brake energy recovery.The road tests show the fuel economy of the hydraulic hybrid bus improves by 22.6% compared with the conventional bus.
