Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuropr...Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries.However,there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI.We therefore carried out a prospective,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,parallel-group,placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016.The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI(n=239;155 male,84 female;61.2±9.2 years old)and placebo(n=80;46 male,34 female;63.2±8.28 years old)groups.All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days,including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium,both taken orally,and intravenous infusion of 250–500 mL 0.9%sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate.Based on conventional treatment,patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water,respectively,in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9%sodium chloride(2 mL/min)once daily for 14 days.According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups.Based on the modified Rankin Scale results,the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group,and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment.In the CEGI group,neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment,as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index.Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients.No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups.In conclusion,CEGI may be a 展开更多
Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcome...Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit （NICU） stay in the mainland of China. Methods： All infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight （BW） 〈1000 g were included between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors. Results： A total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age （GA） was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants （23.3%） died and another 69 infants （26.7%） died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas （53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019）. BW 〈750 g and GA 〈28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization. Conclusions： Our study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.展开更多
The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evalua...The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evaluated in randomized clinical trials in Chinese patients.We conducted a phrase Ⅲ trial in which patients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 2:1 to the mIFL [irinotecan(125 mg/m2),leucovorin(20 mg/m2) bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(500 mg/m2) weekly for four weeks every six weeks] plus bevacizumab(5 mg/kg every two weeks) group and the mIFL group,respectively.Co-primary objectives were progression-free survival(PFS) and 6-month PFS rate.In total,214 patients were enrolled.Our results showed that addition of bevacizumab to mIFL significantly improved median PFS(4.2 months in the mIFL group vs.8.3 months in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group,P < 0.001),6-month PFS rate(25.0% vs.62.6%,P < 0.001),median overall survival(13.4 months vs.18.7 months,P = 0.014),and response rate(17% vs.35%,P = 0.013).Grades 3 and 4 adverse events included diarrhea(21% in the mIFL group and 26% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group) and neutropenia(19% in the mIFL group and 33% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group).No wound-healing complications or congestive heart failure occurred.Our results suggested that bevacizumab plus mIFL is effective and well tolerated as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with mCRC.Clinical benefit and safety profiles were consistent with those observed in pivotal phase Ⅲ trials with mainly Caucasian patients.展开更多
There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessar...There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced colitis of rats. METHODS： Acute colitis was induced by giving 2% DSS orally in drinking water for 8 d. Twen...AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced colitis of rats. METHODS： Acute colitis was induced by giving 2% DSS orally in drinking water for 8 d. Twenty-six male rats were randomized into oxymatrine-treated group （group A, 10 rats）, DSS control （group B, 10 rats） and normal control （group C, 6 rats）. The rats in group A were injected muscularly with oxymatrine at the dosage of 63 mg/（kg·d） from d 1 to 11 and drank 2% DSS solution from d 4 to 11. The rats in group B were treated with 0.9% saline in an equal volume as group A and drank 2% DSS solution from d 4 to 11. The rats in group C were treated with 0.9% saline as group B from d 1 to 11 and drank water normally. Diarrhea and bloody stool as well as colonic histology were observed. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were determined by ELISA, and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） activity and the expression of inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in colonic mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS： Compared with DSS control group, the inflammatory symptoms and histological damages of colonic mucosa in oxymatrine-treated group were significantly improved, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and the expression of NF-κB, ICAM-1 in colonic mucosa were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION： The fact that oxymatrine can reduce the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in colonic mucosa in DSS-induced colitis of rats indicates that oxymatrine may ameliorate the colonic inflammation and thus alleviate diarrhea and bloody stool.展开更多
Convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below is one of models for studying patterns of convection in binary fluid mixtures and has been extensively studied. In this article, the convection structures in a ...Convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below is one of models for studying patterns of convection in binary fluid mixtures and has been extensively studied. In this article, the convection structures in a rectangular cell were investigated for the aspect-ratio Г= 12 and the separation ratio ψ = -0.47. Simulations were preformed by solving the hydrodynamic equations using the SIMPLE method. A Counter Propagating Wave （CPW） state was found in binary fluid convection with a periodically horizontal motion of defects, and the pattern dynamics was further discuss.展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,considerable progress has been made in the control and elimination of the country's initial set of 11 neglected tropical diseases.Indeed,elimination...Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,considerable progress has been made in the control and elimination of the country's initial set of 11 neglected tropical diseases.Indeed,elimination as a public health problem has been declared for lymphatic filariasis in 2007 and for trachoma in 2015.The remaining numbers of people affected by soil-transmitted helminth infection,clonorchiasis,taeniasis,and echinococcosis in 2015 were 29.1 million,6.0 million,366200,and 166100,respectively.In 2017,after more than 60 years of uninterrupted,multifaceted schistosomiasis control,has seen the number of cases dwindling from more than 10 million to 37600.Meanwhile,about 6000 dengue cases are reported,while the incidence of leishmaniasis,leprosy,and rabies are down at 600 or fewer per year.Sustained social and economic development,going hand-in-hand with improvement of water,sanitation,and hygiene provide the foundation for continued progress,while rigorous surveillance and specific public health responses will consolidate achievements and shape the elimination agenda.Targets for poverty elimination and strategic plans and intervention packages post-2020 are important opportunities for further control and elimination,when remaining challenges call for sustainable efforts.展开更多
Background Axonal regeneration in lesioned mammalian central nervous system is abortive, and this causes permanent disabilities in individuals with spinal cord injuries. This paper studied the action of neural stem ce...Background Axonal regeneration in lesioned mammalian central nervous system is abortive, and this causes permanent disabilities in individuals with spinal cord injuries. This paper studied the action of neural stem cell （NSC） in promoting corticospinal axons regeneration and synapse reformation in rats with injured spinal cord. Methods NSCs were isolated from the cortical tissue of spontaneous aborted human fetuses in accordance with the ethical request. The cells were discarded from the NSC culture to acquire NSC-conditioned medium. Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups （n=15 in each）： NSC graft, NSC medium, graft control and medium control groups. Microsurgical transection of the spinal cord was performed in all the rats at the T11. The NSC graft group received stereotaxic injections of NSCs suspension into both the spinal cord stumps immediately after transection; graft control group received DMEM injection. In NSC medium group, NSC-conditioned medium was administered into the spinal cord every week; NSC culture medium was administered to the medium control group. Hindlimb motor function was assessed using the BBB Locomotor Rating Scale. Regeneration of biotin dextran amine （BDA） labeled corticospinal tract was assessed. Differentiation of NSCs and the expression of synaptophysin at the distal end of the injured spinal cord were observed under a confocal microscope. Group comparisons of behavioral data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results NSCs transplantation resulted in extensive growth of corticospinal axons and locomotor recovery in adult rats after complete spinal cord transection, the mean BBB scores reached 12.5 in NSC graft group and 2.5 in graft control group （P〈 0.05）. There was also significant difference in BBB score between the NSC medium （11.7） and medium control groups （3.7, P〈 0.05）. BDA traces regenerated fibers sprouted across the lesion site and entered the caudal part of the spinal cord. Synaptophysin expression colocalized with BDA positiv展开更多
AIM To study the effect of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection on gastric epithelial proliferation in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma. METHODS Gastric biopsy specimens from nor...AIM To study the effect of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection on gastric epithelial proliferation in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma. METHODS Gastric biopsy specimens from normal controls ( n =11), superficial gastritis ( n =32), atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia ( n =83), dysplasia ( n =25) and gastric carcinoma ( n =10) were studied by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS The gastric epithelial proliferation, expressed as PCNA labeling index (LI)%, was progressively increased in successive stages from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma regardless of H. pylori status. There was significant difference in PCNA LI% among all groups ( P <0 01). The analysis pursuing the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric epithelial proliferation in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma showed that in superficial gastritis and mild atrophic gastritis groups, PCNA LI% in H. pylori positive patients were 13 14±1 6 and 19 68±2 22 respectively, significantly higher than 6 95±0 78 and 11 34±1 89 in H. pylori negative patients ( P <0 01); but there was no such difference in other groups ( P >0 05). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection causes increased gastric epithelial proliferation in the stages of superficial and mild atrophic gastritis and may play a part in triggering gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
Background In China,the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly.Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years.We retrospectively analyzed the pathological ...Background In China,the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly.Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years.We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People＇s Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012,in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China.Methods According to the ＂Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy＂ （WHO,1995）,pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified,detection rate of each pathological type was summarized （i.e.,percentage of total renal biopsy cases）,study period was divided at an interval of 5 years,and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed.Results The proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows：primary glomerulonephritis （PGN,70.7％）,secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN,20.7％）,tubular-interstitial nephropathy （4.0％）,hereditary/rare nephropathy （0.3％）,end-stage renal disease （0.9％）,and unclassified renal disease （3.3％）.Among PGN,there was IgA nephropathy （IgAN,37.0％）,membranous nephropathy （MN,11.8％）,mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN,8.9％）,minimal change disease （MCD,6.6％）,and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （3.9％）.Among SGN there was lupus nephritis （LN,5.5％）,Henoch-Sch（o）nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （5.3％）,hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis （HBVAN,3.03％）,diabetic nephropathy （2.2％）,and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage （1.9％）.Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 （after age adjustment）.Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise （P ＜0.001）.Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly （P ＜0.001）,but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly （P ＜0.001）.A展开更多
A laboratory experiment was carried out through a six-month incubation of undredged （control） and dredged cores to study the effect of sediment dredging on phosphorus （P） release from the sediment in the Taihu Lak...A laboratory experiment was carried out through a six-month incubation of undredged （control） and dredged cores to study the effect of sediment dredging on phosphorus （P） release from the sediment in the Taihu Lake. During the experiment, dredging the upper 30 cm layer could efficiently reduce the interstitial PO4^3-P concentration and different P forms in the sediment. The P fluxes of the undredged and dredged cores ranged from -5.1 to 3047.6 and -60.7 to 14.4μg·m^-2·d^-1, respectively. The fluxes of the dredged cores were generally lower than those of the control. Differences in the fluxes between the dredged and undredged cores were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05） from March to June 2006. The sediment P in the dredged cores had a lower release potential than that in the control. Dredging can be considered as a useful measure for rehabilitating the aquatic ecosystem after the external P loading in the Talhu Lake catchment was efficiently reduced.展开更多
文摘Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries.However,there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI.We therefore carried out a prospective,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,parallel-group,placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016.The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI(n=239;155 male,84 female;61.2±9.2 years old)and placebo(n=80;46 male,34 female;63.2±8.28 years old)groups.All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days,including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium,both taken orally,and intravenous infusion of 250–500 mL 0.9%sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate.Based on conventional treatment,patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water,respectively,in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9%sodium chloride(2 mL/min)once daily for 14 days.According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups.Based on the modified Rankin Scale results,the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group,and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment.In the CEGI group,neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment,as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index.Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients.No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups.In conclusion,CEGI may be a
文摘Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit （NICU） stay in the mainland of China. Methods： All infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight （BW） 〈1000 g were included between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors. Results： A total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age （GA） was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants （23.3%） died and another 69 infants （26.7%） died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas （53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019）. BW 〈750 g and GA 〈28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization. Conclusions： Our study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.
文摘The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with modified irinotecan,leucovorin bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(mIFL) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) has not been well evaluated in randomized clinical trials in Chinese patients.We conducted a phrase Ⅲ trial in which patients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 2:1 to the mIFL [irinotecan(125 mg/m2),leucovorin(20 mg/m2) bolus,and 5-fluorouracil intravenous infusion(500 mg/m2) weekly for four weeks every six weeks] plus bevacizumab(5 mg/kg every two weeks) group and the mIFL group,respectively.Co-primary objectives were progression-free survival(PFS) and 6-month PFS rate.In total,214 patients were enrolled.Our results showed that addition of bevacizumab to mIFL significantly improved median PFS(4.2 months in the mIFL group vs.8.3 months in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group,P < 0.001),6-month PFS rate(25.0% vs.62.6%,P < 0.001),median overall survival(13.4 months vs.18.7 months,P = 0.014),and response rate(17% vs.35%,P = 0.013).Grades 3 and 4 adverse events included diarrhea(21% in the mIFL group and 26% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group) and neutropenia(19% in the mIFL group and 33% in the bevacizumab plus mIFL group).No wound-healing complications or congestive heart failure occurred.Our results suggested that bevacizumab plus mIFL is effective and well tolerated as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with mCRC.Clinical benefit and safety profiles were consistent with those observed in pivotal phase Ⅲ trials with mainly Caucasian patients.
基金The study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0704100,2018YFA0704104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827805,82130060)Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science(BE2019750).The funding sources had no role in the writing of the report,or decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
基金Supported by the University Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai, No.00B07
文摘AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced colitis of rats. METHODS： Acute colitis was induced by giving 2% DSS orally in drinking water for 8 d. Twenty-six male rats were randomized into oxymatrine-treated group （group A, 10 rats）, DSS control （group B, 10 rats） and normal control （group C, 6 rats）. The rats in group A were injected muscularly with oxymatrine at the dosage of 63 mg/（kg·d） from d 1 to 11 and drank 2% DSS solution from d 4 to 11. The rats in group B were treated with 0.9% saline in an equal volume as group A and drank 2% DSS solution from d 4 to 11. The rats in group C were treated with 0.9% saline as group B from d 1 to 11 and drank water normally. Diarrhea and bloody stool as well as colonic histology were observed. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were determined by ELISA, and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） activity and the expression of inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in colonic mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS： Compared with DSS control group, the inflammatory symptoms and histological damages of colonic mucosa in oxymatrine-treated group were significantly improved, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and the expression of NF-κB, ICAM-1 in colonic mucosa were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION： The fact that oxymatrine can reduce the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in colonic mucosa in DSS-induced colitis of rats indicates that oxymatrine may ameliorate the colonic inflammation and thus alleviate diarrhea and bloody stool.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10872164)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (Grant No. 220542)+1 种基金the Key Project of Shanxi Education Committee (Grant No.05JK271)the Scientific Research Foundation of Xi’an University of Technology (Grant No.210532).
文摘Convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below is one of models for studying patterns of convection in binary fluid mixtures and has been extensively studied. In this article, the convection structures in a rectangular cell were investigated for the aspect-ratio Г= 12 and the separation ratio ψ = -0.47. Simulations were preformed by solving the hydrodynamic equations using the SIMPLE method. A Counter Propagating Wave （CPW） state was found in binary fluid convection with a periodically horizontal motion of defects, and the pattern dynamics was further discuss.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
基金This study was supported by the UBS Optimus Foundation(grant no.9051)joint World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical DiseasesA/Vestern Pacific Region small grants scheme for implementation research in infectious diseases of poverty(grant no.2016/664127-0)M-BQ and X-NZ were financially supported by the Fourth Round of the Three-Year Public Health Aaion Plan(2015-2017)in Shanghai,Peopled Republic of China(grant no.GWTD2015S06).
文摘Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,considerable progress has been made in the control and elimination of the country's initial set of 11 neglected tropical diseases.Indeed,elimination as a public health problem has been declared for lymphatic filariasis in 2007 and for trachoma in 2015.The remaining numbers of people affected by soil-transmitted helminth infection,clonorchiasis,taeniasis,and echinococcosis in 2015 were 29.1 million,6.0 million,366200,and 166100,respectively.In 2017,after more than 60 years of uninterrupted,multifaceted schistosomiasis control,has seen the number of cases dwindling from more than 10 million to 37600.Meanwhile,about 6000 dengue cases are reported,while the incidence of leishmaniasis,leprosy,and rabies are down at 600 or fewer per year.Sustained social and economic development,going hand-in-hand with improvement of water,sanitation,and hygiene provide the foundation for continued progress,while rigorous surveillance and specific public health responses will consolidate achievements and shape the elimination agenda.Targets for poverty elimination and strategic plans and intervention packages post-2020 are important opportunities for further control and elimination,when remaining challenges call for sustainable efforts.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30500517)National "10.5" key Technology Foundation Program (No.2004BA754C).
文摘Background Axonal regeneration in lesioned mammalian central nervous system is abortive, and this causes permanent disabilities in individuals with spinal cord injuries. This paper studied the action of neural stem cell （NSC） in promoting corticospinal axons regeneration and synapse reformation in rats with injured spinal cord. Methods NSCs were isolated from the cortical tissue of spontaneous aborted human fetuses in accordance with the ethical request. The cells were discarded from the NSC culture to acquire NSC-conditioned medium. Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups （n=15 in each）： NSC graft, NSC medium, graft control and medium control groups. Microsurgical transection of the spinal cord was performed in all the rats at the T11. The NSC graft group received stereotaxic injections of NSCs suspension into both the spinal cord stumps immediately after transection; graft control group received DMEM injection. In NSC medium group, NSC-conditioned medium was administered into the spinal cord every week; NSC culture medium was administered to the medium control group. Hindlimb motor function was assessed using the BBB Locomotor Rating Scale. Regeneration of biotin dextran amine （BDA） labeled corticospinal tract was assessed. Differentiation of NSCs and the expression of synaptophysin at the distal end of the injured spinal cord were observed under a confocal microscope. Group comparisons of behavioral data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results NSCs transplantation resulted in extensive growth of corticospinal axons and locomotor recovery in adult rats after complete spinal cord transection, the mean BBB scores reached 12.5 in NSC graft group and 2.5 in graft control group （P〈 0.05）. There was also significant difference in BBB score between the NSC medium （11.7） and medium control groups （3.7, P〈 0.05）. BDA traces regenerated fibers sprouted across the lesion site and entered the caudal part of the spinal cord. Synaptophysin expression colocalized with BDA positiv
文摘AIM To study the effect of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection on gastric epithelial proliferation in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma. METHODS Gastric biopsy specimens from normal controls ( n =11), superficial gastritis ( n =32), atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia ( n =83), dysplasia ( n =25) and gastric carcinoma ( n =10) were studied by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS The gastric epithelial proliferation, expressed as PCNA labeling index (LI)%, was progressively increased in successive stages from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma regardless of H. pylori status. There was significant difference in PCNA LI% among all groups ( P <0 01). The analysis pursuing the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric epithelial proliferation in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma showed that in superficial gastritis and mild atrophic gastritis groups, PCNA LI% in H. pylori positive patients were 13 14±1 6 and 19 68±2 22 respectively, significantly higher than 6 95±0 78 and 11 34±1 89 in H. pylori negative patients ( P <0 01); but there was no such difference in other groups ( P >0 05). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection causes increased gastric epithelial proliferation in the stages of superficial and mild atrophic gastritis and may play a part in triggering gastric carcinogenesis.
基金This study was supported by the Twelfth Five-Year Plan （No. 2011BAI10B08, 2011BAI10B03）, 863 program （No. 2012AA02A512）, National Natural Science Foundation （No. 81330019, 81270794, 81370867）, and Scientific Program of Beijing （No. D131100004713003, D131100005313006）.
文摘Background In China,the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly.Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years.We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People＇s Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012,in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China.Methods According to the ＂Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy＂ （WHO,1995）,pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified,detection rate of each pathological type was summarized （i.e.,percentage of total renal biopsy cases）,study period was divided at an interval of 5 years,and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed.Results The proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows：primary glomerulonephritis （PGN,70.7％）,secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN,20.7％）,tubular-interstitial nephropathy （4.0％）,hereditary/rare nephropathy （0.3％）,end-stage renal disease （0.9％）,and unclassified renal disease （3.3％）.Among PGN,there was IgA nephropathy （IgAN,37.0％）,membranous nephropathy （MN,11.8％）,mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN,8.9％）,minimal change disease （MCD,6.6％）,and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （3.9％）.Among SGN there was lupus nephritis （LN,5.5％）,Henoch-Sch（o）nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （5.3％）,hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis （HBVAN,3.03％）,diabetic nephropathy （2.2％）,and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage （1.9％）.Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 （after age adjustment）.Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise （P ＜0.001）.Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly （P ＜0.001）,but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly （P ＜0.001）.A
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX3-SW-348)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.20577053 and 40730528)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No.2005AA60101005).
文摘A laboratory experiment was carried out through a six-month incubation of undredged （control） and dredged cores to study the effect of sediment dredging on phosphorus （P） release from the sediment in the Taihu Lake. During the experiment, dredging the upper 30 cm layer could efficiently reduce the interstitial PO4^3-P concentration and different P forms in the sediment. The P fluxes of the undredged and dredged cores ranged from -5.1 to 3047.6 and -60.7 to 14.4μg·m^-2·d^-1, respectively. The fluxes of the dredged cores were generally lower than those of the control. Differences in the fluxes between the dredged and undredged cores were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05） from March to June 2006. The sediment P in the dredged cores had a lower release potential than that in the control. Dredging can be considered as a useful measure for rehabilitating the aquatic ecosystem after the external P loading in the Talhu Lake catchment was efficiently reduced.
