全球气候变化直接影响作物生产。玉米是中国种植面积最大的粮食作物,系统探究未来气候变化对其生产力的影响对保障玉米高产稳产和粮食安全具有重要意义。为探究未来气候变化对中国玉米生产力影响,该研究基于SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5共2种气...全球气候变化直接影响作物生产。玉米是中国种植面积最大的粮食作物,系统探究未来气候变化对其生产力的影响对保障玉米高产稳产和粮食安全具有重要意义。为探究未来气候变化对中国玉米生产力影响,该研究基于SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5共2种气候情景(shared socioeconomic pathways,SSP)1981—2100年逐日气象资料以及中国气象局农业气象观测站玉米生育期数据和土壤数据,使用调参验证后的农业生产系统模拟模型(agricultural production systems simulator,APSIM-Maize)解析了气候变化对中国玉米主产区高产性和稳产性的影响。结果表明:(1)未来气候情景下,中国玉米主产区生育期内气温和≥10℃有效积温总体呈增加趋势,SSP5-8.5气候情景下升温幅度高于SSP1-2.6气候情景;降水量年际波动大,变化趋势不显著;太阳总辐射呈先增加后减少趋势。(2)若不采取适应措施,未来气候变化使玉米全生育期、营养生长期和生殖生长期总体呈缩短趋势,且SSP5-8.5情景下缩短幅度大于SSP1-2.6情景,2080 s缩短幅度大于2030 s和2050 s。(3)无适应措施条件下,未来气候变化下研究区域玉米光温潜在产量和雨养潜在产量总体呈下降趋势,SSP5-8.5情景下较SSP1-2.6情景下减产效应更大,2个情景光温潜在产量减产率平均值分别为13.8%和11.9%,雨养潜在产量减产率平均值分别为17.5%和14.0%。玉米潜在产量的稳定性略有提高,但区域间存在差异。因此,未来气候变化使中国玉米生产力总体下降,稳定性略有提高。研究为未来玉米高产稳产和中国玉米种植区划提供理论依据。展开更多
This review reports some recent advances on the use of dendrimer-based systems for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are emerging as promising carriers or stabilizers for drugs and nanoparticles（NPs） due to their highly br...This review reports some recent advances on the use of dendrimer-based systems for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are emerging as promising carriers or stabilizers for drugs and nanoparticles（NPs） due to their highly branched 3-dimensional globular shape, internal hydrophobic cavity and multiple peripheral functional groups. The fabricated nanoplatforms loaded with therapeutic agents such as drugs,siRNAs or NPs can be further modified to have targeting specificity, antifouling properties and good biocompatibility.In particular, recent advances in the surface modifications of dendrimers and the application of dendrimers as versatile platforms for different therapeutic treatments to cancer including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and combination therapy will be introduced in detail.展开更多
Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate(MS), sodium benzene sulfonate(BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate(NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), and sodium do...Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate(MS), sodium benzene sulfonate(BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate(NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane(AEM) in electrodialysis(ED),to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order:SDBS > SDS > NSS > BS > MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and/or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the current psychological well-being of older people in the community and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 265 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above in Baoding Ci...Objective:To investigate the current psychological well-being of older people in the community and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 265 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above in Baoding City,Hebei Province,were selected through convenience sampling from November 2023 to March 2024.They were surveyed using a general information questionnaire and a comprehensive well-being questionnaire,with results analyzed statistically using SPSS 27.0.Results:Six dimensions of the psychological well-being scale for community older adults were identified:life vitality(P50=4.83),health concern(P50=4.6),self-worth(P50=5.6),friendly relationships(P50=5.33),altruistic behavior(P50=5.2),personality growth(P50=4.67),and comprehensive well-being(P50=161).Multivariate regression analysis showed that social isolation(β=-0.021,P<0.001),type of work(β=-0.142,P<0.001),chronic disease history(β=0.004,P<0.001),need for mobility aid(β=0.192,P<0.001),and monthly income(β=0.381,P<0.001)were factors influencing psychological well-being.Conclusion:The psychological well-being of the elderly is slightly above moderate and requires improvement.Enhancing factors such as reducing social isolation,addressing chronic disease history,and improving financial support could improve psychological well-being in older adults.展开更多
Potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg)are essential elements with important physiological functions in plants.Previous studies showed that leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing latitud...Potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg)are essential elements with important physiological functions in plants.Previous studies showed that leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing latitudes.However,recent meta-analyses suggested the possibility of a unimodal pattern in the concentrations of these elements along latitudinal gradients.The authenticity of this unimodal latitudinal pattern,however,requires validation through large-scale field experimental data,and exploration of the underlying mechanisms if the pattern is confirmed.Here,we collected leaves of common species of woody plants from 19 montane forests in the north-south transect of eastern China,including 322 species from 160 genera,67 families;and then determined leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations to explore their latitudinal patterns and driving mechanisms.Our results support unimodal latitudinal patterns for all three elements in woody plants across eastern China,with peak values at latitude 36.5±1.0°N.The shift of plant-functional-type compositions from evergreen broadleaves to deciduous broadleaves and to conifers along this latitudinal span was the key factor contributing to these patterns.Climatic factors,mainly temperature,and to a lesser extent solar radiation and precipitation,were the main environmental drivers.These factors,by altering the composition of plant communities and regulating plant physiological activities,influence the latitudinal patterns of plant nutrient concentrations.Our findings also suggest that high leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations may represent an adaptive strategy for plants to withstand water stress,which might be used to predict plant nutrient responses to climate changes at large scales,and broaden the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of K,Ca,and Mg.展开更多
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects perennial orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and causes a widespread viral disease. RNA-silencing of viral genes is a promising and effective way of controlling viral infection...Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects perennial orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and causes a widespread viral disease. RNA-silencing of viral genes is a promising and effective way of controlling viral infection in plants. An inverted repeat (IR) fragment of the ORSV coat protein gene, cp, was inserted into the pXGY1 vector to generate the silencing construct, pXGY1-ORSV, which was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana via Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration. A total of 15 homozygous pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana T1 plants were obtained from five transgenic lines, and ORSV cp gene multiplication was reduced by at least 75% - 95% in 12 T2 plants, demonstrating their increased resistance to ORSV. An infectious ORSV clone, pCAMBIA2300-ORSV, was generated to facilitate rigorous analyses of plant viral resistance. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and northern-blot analyses revealed that levels of ORSV multiplication and ORSV coat protein were significantly reduced in pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana. Western-blot from pXGY1-ORSV inoculated leaves of ORSV infected P. amabilis also revealed the significant decrease and even degradation of ORSV-CP protein. Disease symptoms were not observed in transgenic plants. These results indicate a high level of ORSV-resistance in pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana.展开更多
Stress response at the protein level to viral infection in orchid plants has not been extensively investigated to date. To understand the proteomic basis of Phalaenopsis amabilis’s responses to Cymbidium Mosaic virus...Stress response at the protein level to viral infection in orchid plants has not been extensively investigated to date. To understand the proteomic basis of Phalaenopsis amabilis’s responses to Cymbidium Mosaic virus (CymMV), and/or Odontoglossum ring spot virus (ORSV), the total proteins were extracted from Phalaenopsis amabilis leaves infected with CymMV, ORSV, or both respectively. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 27 of these proteins that had significant changes were further examined by mass spectrometry. Comparing CymMV-infected leaves with mock-inoculated ones, 2 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 9 were significantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified. 10 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 3 significantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified in ORSV-infected leaves. 6 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 9 significantly down-regulated proteins were found in co-infected leaves. These identified proteins are involved in disease resistance, stress response, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, protein modification and the previously unknown proteins were not involved with known protein pathways. Proteins significantly up-regulated were ATP sulfurylase, down-regulated proteins included glutamate decarboxylase isozyme 2, RNA polymerase alpha subunit and chloroplastic peptide deformylase 1A were proteins with similar alteration trend after all infection treatments. Significantly up-regulated were Thioredoxin H-type and down-regulated Cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase I which were proteins that have been shown to be specifically regulated by the infection with CymMV. Significantly up-regulated were proteins like Rubisco large subunit, Triosephosphate isomerase, NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and Cinnamoyl CoA reductase CCR2 by the infection of ORSV. Protein regulation in coinfected leaves followed a pattern similar to that of any of the single virus infecti展开更多
文摘全球气候变化直接影响作物生产。玉米是中国种植面积最大的粮食作物,系统探究未来气候变化对其生产力的影响对保障玉米高产稳产和粮食安全具有重要意义。为探究未来气候变化对中国玉米生产力影响,该研究基于SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5共2种气候情景(shared socioeconomic pathways,SSP)1981—2100年逐日气象资料以及中国气象局农业气象观测站玉米生育期数据和土壤数据,使用调参验证后的农业生产系统模拟模型(agricultural production systems simulator,APSIM-Maize)解析了气候变化对中国玉米主产区高产性和稳产性的影响。结果表明:(1)未来气候情景下,中国玉米主产区生育期内气温和≥10℃有效积温总体呈增加趋势,SSP5-8.5气候情景下升温幅度高于SSP1-2.6气候情景;降水量年际波动大,变化趋势不显著;太阳总辐射呈先增加后减少趋势。(2)若不采取适应措施,未来气候变化使玉米全生育期、营养生长期和生殖生长期总体呈缩短趋势,且SSP5-8.5情景下缩短幅度大于SSP1-2.6情景,2080 s缩短幅度大于2030 s和2050 s。(3)无适应措施条件下,未来气候变化下研究区域玉米光温潜在产量和雨养潜在产量总体呈下降趋势,SSP5-8.5情景下较SSP1-2.6情景下减产效应更大,2个情景光温潜在产量减产率平均值分别为13.8%和11.9%,雨养潜在产量减产率平均值分别为17.5%和14.0%。玉米潜在产量的稳定性略有提高,但区域间存在差异。因此,未来气候变化使中国玉米生产力总体下降,稳定性略有提高。研究为未来玉米高产稳产和中国玉米种植区划提供理论依据。
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (for Shi X, Xiong Z, and Shen M)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (15520711400 and 17540712000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81761148028 and 21773026)
文摘This review reports some recent advances on the use of dendrimer-based systems for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are emerging as promising carriers or stabilizers for drugs and nanoparticles（NPs） due to their highly branched 3-dimensional globular shape, internal hydrophobic cavity and multiple peripheral functional groups. The fabricated nanoplatforms loaded with therapeutic agents such as drugs,siRNAs or NPs can be further modified to have targeting specificity, antifouling properties and good biocompatibility.In particular, recent advances in the surface modifications of dendrimers and the application of dendrimers as versatile platforms for different therapeutic treatments to cancer including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and combination therapy will be introduced in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878645 and 51425405)the Science and Technology Open Cooperation Project of Henan Province(No.172106000076)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8132047)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(Nos.2014ZX07201-011 and 2014ZX07510-001)financial support from the China Scholarship Council
文摘Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate(MS), sodium benzene sulfonate(BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate(NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane(AEM) in electrodialysis(ED),to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order:SDBS > SDS > NSS > BS > MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and/or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.
基金Medical Science Foundation of Hebei University(2022X01)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the current psychological well-being of older people in the community and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 265 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above in Baoding City,Hebei Province,were selected through convenience sampling from November 2023 to March 2024.They were surveyed using a general information questionnaire and a comprehensive well-being questionnaire,with results analyzed statistically using SPSS 27.0.Results:Six dimensions of the psychological well-being scale for community older adults were identified:life vitality(P50=4.83),health concern(P50=4.6),self-worth(P50=5.6),friendly relationships(P50=5.33),altruistic behavior(P50=5.2),personality growth(P50=4.67),and comprehensive well-being(P50=161).Multivariate regression analysis showed that social isolation(β=-0.021,P<0.001),type of work(β=-0.142,P<0.001),chronic disease history(β=0.004,P<0.001),need for mobility aid(β=0.192,P<0.001),and monthly income(β=0.381,P<0.001)were factors influencing psychological well-being.Conclusion:The psychological well-being of the elderly is slightly above moderate and requires improvement.Enhancing factors such as reducing social isolation,addressing chronic disease history,and improving financial support could improve psychological well-being in older adults.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26040202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41173083)+1 种基金SL was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001165)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1753)。
文摘Potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg)are essential elements with important physiological functions in plants.Previous studies showed that leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing latitudes.However,recent meta-analyses suggested the possibility of a unimodal pattern in the concentrations of these elements along latitudinal gradients.The authenticity of this unimodal latitudinal pattern,however,requires validation through large-scale field experimental data,and exploration of the underlying mechanisms if the pattern is confirmed.Here,we collected leaves of common species of woody plants from 19 montane forests in the north-south transect of eastern China,including 322 species from 160 genera,67 families;and then determined leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations to explore their latitudinal patterns and driving mechanisms.Our results support unimodal latitudinal patterns for all three elements in woody plants across eastern China,with peak values at latitude 36.5±1.0°N.The shift of plant-functional-type compositions from evergreen broadleaves to deciduous broadleaves and to conifers along this latitudinal span was the key factor contributing to these patterns.Climatic factors,mainly temperature,and to a lesser extent solar radiation and precipitation,were the main environmental drivers.These factors,by altering the composition of plant communities and regulating plant physiological activities,influence the latitudinal patterns of plant nutrient concentrations.Our findings also suggest that high leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations may represent an adaptive strategy for plants to withstand water stress,which might be used to predict plant nutrient responses to climate changes at large scales,and broaden the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of K,Ca,and Mg.
文摘Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects perennial orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and causes a widespread viral disease. RNA-silencing of viral genes is a promising and effective way of controlling viral infection in plants. An inverted repeat (IR) fragment of the ORSV coat protein gene, cp, was inserted into the pXGY1 vector to generate the silencing construct, pXGY1-ORSV, which was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana via Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration. A total of 15 homozygous pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana T1 plants were obtained from five transgenic lines, and ORSV cp gene multiplication was reduced by at least 75% - 95% in 12 T2 plants, demonstrating their increased resistance to ORSV. An infectious ORSV clone, pCAMBIA2300-ORSV, was generated to facilitate rigorous analyses of plant viral resistance. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and northern-blot analyses revealed that levels of ORSV multiplication and ORSV coat protein were significantly reduced in pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana. Western-blot from pXGY1-ORSV inoculated leaves of ORSV infected P. amabilis also revealed the significant decrease and even degradation of ORSV-CP protein. Disease symptoms were not observed in transgenic plants. These results indicate a high level of ORSV-resistance in pXGY1-ORSV transgenic N. benthamiana.
文摘Stress response at the protein level to viral infection in orchid plants has not been extensively investigated to date. To understand the proteomic basis of Phalaenopsis amabilis’s responses to Cymbidium Mosaic virus (CymMV), and/or Odontoglossum ring spot virus (ORSV), the total proteins were extracted from Phalaenopsis amabilis leaves infected with CymMV, ORSV, or both respectively. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 27 of these proteins that had significant changes were further examined by mass spectrometry. Comparing CymMV-infected leaves with mock-inoculated ones, 2 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 9 were significantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified. 10 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 3 significantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified in ORSV-infected leaves. 6 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 9 significantly down-regulated proteins were found in co-infected leaves. These identified proteins are involved in disease resistance, stress response, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, protein modification and the previously unknown proteins were not involved with known protein pathways. Proteins significantly up-regulated were ATP sulfurylase, down-regulated proteins included glutamate decarboxylase isozyme 2, RNA polymerase alpha subunit and chloroplastic peptide deformylase 1A were proteins with similar alteration trend after all infection treatments. Significantly up-regulated were Thioredoxin H-type and down-regulated Cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase I which were proteins that have been shown to be specifically regulated by the infection with CymMV. Significantly up-regulated were proteins like Rubisco large subunit, Triosephosphate isomerase, NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and Cinnamoyl CoA reductase CCR2 by the infection of ORSV. Protein regulation in coinfected leaves followed a pattern similar to that of any of the single virus infecti
