复方中药的质量稳定是其疗效稳定的前提和基础。该研究基于质量源于设计(quality by design,QbD)理念,以脱敏定喘方提取工艺中可控性较强的提取次数,提取时间,水倍量为关键工艺参数(critical process parameters,CPPs),采用正交试验从...复方中药的质量稳定是其疗效稳定的前提和基础。该研究基于质量源于设计(quality by design,QbD)理念,以脱敏定喘方提取工艺中可控性较强的提取次数,提取时间,水倍量为关键工艺参数(critical process parameters,CPPs),采用正交试验从固体物质提取量、苦杏仁苷含量、升麻素苷含量与5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷含量4项潜在的关键质量属性(potential critical quality attributes,p CQAs)中筛选CPPs所对应的CQAs。经Box-Behnken试验方差分析确定固体物质提取量与苦杏仁苷含量为提取工艺的CQAs。基于提取工艺的CQAs与CPPs间一项式关系模型得到的最优提取工艺为加水浸泡30 min,提取3次,每次提取100 min,水倍量为10。针对固体物质提取量与苦杏仁苷含量建立控制空间,能同时控制苦杏仁苷含量与固体物质提取量达到优化目标。成型工艺以脱敏定喘颗粒的成型率为CQA,在单因素考察的基础上,确定干膏粉与辅料比例、乙醇比例为CPPs,采用中心点复合设计(central composite design,CCD)优化脱敏定喘颗粒的成型工艺为,以糊精为填充剂,干膏粉-糊精为1∶1,加入0. 3 m L·g-1的70%乙醇作为黏合剂,软材及颗粒状态符合实际生产要求。展开更多
Production of petrochemical catalysts accounts for one of the largest shares of platinum group metals(PGMs) consumption;thus,recycling of spent petrochemical catalysts holds great economic value.Conventionally,PGMs ar...Production of petrochemical catalysts accounts for one of the largest shares of platinum group metals(PGMs) consumption;thus,recycling of spent petrochemical catalysts holds great economic value.Conventionally,PGMs are recovered through hydrometallurgical processes which have a low recovery efficiency and produce a large amount of waste.In this regard,this paper proposed a method to use iron-capturing PGMs based on CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O slag.This method avoided the formation of Fe-Si alloy and achieved efficient enrichment of PGMs.The droplet force model showed that the recovery efficiency of PGMs could be improved if the slag had low density and low viscosity.Based on this result,FactSage software optimized the composition of slag.Furthermore,the effect of B_(2)O_(3) on the 1400 ℃ liquidus of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O_(3)-B_(2)O_(3) phase diagram was revealed.Moreover,it was found that the recovery efficiency of PGMs exceeded 99% under the following optimized conditions:basicity of 1.0,20 wt%Na_(2)O,15 wt% B_(2)O_(3),15 wt% Fe,3 wt% C and a temperature range of 1400-1500℃.The thermodynamic model revealed the mechanism of iron capture.Different chemical bonds prevented the formation of bonds between the alloy and slag,resulting in the separation of the slag from the alloy.PGMs particles and iron microspheres had significant surface Gibbs free energy.Only when iron microspheres and PGMs particles collided and fused with each other to reduce their surface area could the Gibbs free energy of the system be reduced.展开更多
Carbon monoxide （CO）, an endogenous signaling molecule in animals, also provides potent cytoprotective effects including attenuation of lung lipid peroxidation induced by oxidant in the mouse. Our recent work demons...Carbon monoxide （CO）, an endogenous signaling molecule in animals, also provides potent cytoprotective effects including attenuation of lung lipid peroxidation induced by oxidant in the mouse. Our recent work demonstrated that 0.01 μmol/L hematin （a CO donor） treatment of wheat plants alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage in seedling leaves. In this report, we further discovered that hematin pretreatment （≤ 0.1 μmol/L） could delay wheat leaf chlorophyll loss mediated by further treatment of H202 and paraquat, two reactive oxygen species （ROS） sources, in dose-and even time-dependent manners. Also, compared with the control samples, seedling leaves pretreated with 0.01 or 0.1 μmol/L hematin for 24 h exhibited lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Such beneficial effects exerted by hematin were mimicked by the pretreatment of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT）, and differentially reversed when CO scavenger hemoglobin （Hb）, or CO specific synthetic inhibitor ZnPPIX was added, respectively. Taken together, the results presented In this paper directly illustrate for the first time that CO is able to strongly protect plants from oxidative damage caused by the overproduction of ROS, and strengthens the evidence that CO is a potent antioxidant in various abiotic and biotic stresses, as similar results have been shown in animal tissues.展开更多
Spent hydrogenation catalysts are important secondary resources due to richness in the valuable metals of Ni,Mo and V.Recovery of valuable metals from spent catalysts has high economic value and environmental benefits...Spent hydrogenation catalysts are important secondary resources due to richness in the valuable metals of Ni,Mo and V.Recovery of valuable metals from spent catalysts has high economic value and environmental benefits since they are hazardous wastes as well.Traditional recycling processes including hydrometallurgical leaching and soda roasting-leaching have disadvantages such as generating large amounts of wastewater,long process,and low recovery efficiency of valuable metals.Thus,this paper proposed synergistic enrichment of Ni,Mo and V via pyrometallurgical reduction at 1400-1500℃.The melting temperature and viscosity of slag were reduced through slag designing by software FactSage 7.1.The phase diagram of Al_(2)O_(3)-Cap-SiO_(2)-Na_(2)O-B_(2)O_(3)was drawn,and low-temperature region(≤1300℃)was selected as target slag composition.Ni,Mo,and V can be collaborative captured and recovered through the mutual solubility at molten state.Increasing the melting temperature and the amount of CaO,Na_(2)O and C were conducive to improving the metals recovery rates.The kilogram-scale experiments were carried out,and the recovery efficiencies of Ni,Mo and V were 98.3%,95.3%and 97.9%under optimized conditions:at 1500℃,with the basicity of 1.0,13.1 wt%SiO_(2),7.0 wt%B_(2)O_(3),7.7 wt%Na_(2)O and 20.0wt%C.The distribution behavior of valuable metals was clarified by investigating the melting process of slag and the reduction in valuable metals.Ni was preferentially reduced and acted as a capturing agent,which captured other metals to form NiMoV alloys.展开更多
This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The st...This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.展开更多
目的探讨温肾宣痹汤联合碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2020年1月期间濮阳市中医医院收治的骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)患者84例,按就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组42例和治疗组42例。对照组采用碳酸钙D3咀...目的探讨温肾宣痹汤联合碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2020年1月期间濮阳市中医医院收治的骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)患者84例,按就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组42例和治疗组42例。对照组采用碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用温肾宣痹汤治疗,两组患者均以4周为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程。对两组患者临床疗效、中医症状积分、骨密度(L2~L4及双髋部)、骨代谢指标[血清骨钙素(Bone Glaprotein,BGP)、总Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽(Procollagen type I nterminal propeptide,PINP)、β胶原降解产物(Beta collagen degradation products,β-CTX)]、安全性进行分析及比较,采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)进行疼痛评估。结果治疗后治疗组总有效率95.24%(40/42)与对照组73.81%(31/42)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者中医症状积分及VAS评分与治疗前比较均降低,且组间比较,治疗组中医症状积分及VAS评分更低(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者L2~L4及双髋部骨密度与治疗前比较均增加,且组间比较,治疗组L2~L4及双髋部骨密度更高(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者BGP水平均高于治疗前,且组间比较,治疗组BGP水平更高(P<0.05);两组患者PINP及β-CTX水平均低于治疗前,且组间比较,治疗组PINP及β-CTX水平更低(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应总发生率7.14%和对照组14.29%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论温肾宣痹汤联合碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗OP肝肾不足证的疗效显著,能明显缓解患者疼痛,增加骨密度,改善骨代谢,且安全可靠。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U2002212 and 52204412)the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2019YFC1907101,2019YFC1907103 and 2021YFC1910504)+3 种基金Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No. 2020BCE01001)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2020A1515110408)Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Special Foundation (No.BK21BE002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.FRF-TP20-031A1)。
文摘Production of petrochemical catalysts accounts for one of the largest shares of platinum group metals(PGMs) consumption;thus,recycling of spent petrochemical catalysts holds great economic value.Conventionally,PGMs are recovered through hydrometallurgical processes which have a low recovery efficiency and produce a large amount of waste.In this regard,this paper proposed a method to use iron-capturing PGMs based on CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O slag.This method avoided the formation of Fe-Si alloy and achieved efficient enrichment of PGMs.The droplet force model showed that the recovery efficiency of PGMs could be improved if the slag had low density and low viscosity.Based on this result,FactSage software optimized the composition of slag.Furthermore,the effect of B_(2)O_(3) on the 1400 ℃ liquidus of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O_(3)-B_(2)O_(3) phase diagram was revealed.Moreover,it was found that the recovery efficiency of PGMs exceeded 99% under the following optimized conditions:basicity of 1.0,20 wt%Na_(2)O,15 wt% B_(2)O_(3),15 wt% Fe,3 wt% C and a temperature range of 1400-1500℃.The thermodynamic model revealed the mechanism of iron capture.Different chemical bonds prevented the formation of bonds between the alloy and slag,resulting in the separation of the slag from the alloy.PGMs particles and iron microspheres had significant surface Gibbs free energy.Only when iron microspheres and PGMs particles collided and fused with each other to reduce their surface area could the Gibbs free energy of the system be reduced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30671248） and Special Project on Important Science and Technology from Ministry of Agriculture, and by the Student Research Training （SRT） Project （0512A11） of Nanjing Agricultural University.
文摘Carbon monoxide （CO）, an endogenous signaling molecule in animals, also provides potent cytoprotective effects including attenuation of lung lipid peroxidation induced by oxidant in the mouse. Our recent work demonstrated that 0.01 μmol/L hematin （a CO donor） treatment of wheat plants alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage in seedling leaves. In this report, we further discovered that hematin pretreatment （≤ 0.1 μmol/L） could delay wheat leaf chlorophyll loss mediated by further treatment of H202 and paraquat, two reactive oxygen species （ROS） sources, in dose-and even time-dependent manners. Also, compared with the control samples, seedling leaves pretreated with 0.01 or 0.1 μmol/L hematin for 24 h exhibited lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Such beneficial effects exerted by hematin were mimicked by the pretreatment of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT）, and differentially reversed when CO scavenger hemoglobin （Hb）, or CO specific synthetic inhibitor ZnPPIX was added, respectively. Taken together, the results presented In this paper directly illustrate for the first time that CO is able to strongly protect plants from oxidative damage caused by the overproduction of ROS, and strengthens the evidence that CO is a potent antioxidant in various abiotic and biotic stresses, as similar results have been shown in animal tissues.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2002212,52204412 and 52102058)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFC1907101,2019YFC1907103 and 2021YFC1910504)+3 种基金the Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2021BEG01003)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515110408)Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Special Foundation(No.BK21BE002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRFTP-20-031A1 and FRF-BD-20-24A)。
文摘Spent hydrogenation catalysts are important secondary resources due to richness in the valuable metals of Ni,Mo and V.Recovery of valuable metals from spent catalysts has high economic value and environmental benefits since they are hazardous wastes as well.Traditional recycling processes including hydrometallurgical leaching and soda roasting-leaching have disadvantages such as generating large amounts of wastewater,long process,and low recovery efficiency of valuable metals.Thus,this paper proposed synergistic enrichment of Ni,Mo and V via pyrometallurgical reduction at 1400-1500℃.The melting temperature and viscosity of slag were reduced through slag designing by software FactSage 7.1.The phase diagram of Al_(2)O_(3)-Cap-SiO_(2)-Na_(2)O-B_(2)O_(3)was drawn,and low-temperature region(≤1300℃)was selected as target slag composition.Ni,Mo,and V can be collaborative captured and recovered through the mutual solubility at molten state.Increasing the melting temperature and the amount of CaO,Na_(2)O and C were conducive to improving the metals recovery rates.The kilogram-scale experiments were carried out,and the recovery efficiencies of Ni,Mo and V were 98.3%,95.3%and 97.9%under optimized conditions:at 1500℃,with the basicity of 1.0,13.1 wt%SiO_(2),7.0 wt%B_(2)O_(3),7.7 wt%Na_(2)O and 20.0wt%C.The distribution behavior of valuable metals was clarified by investigating the melting process of slag and the reduction in valuable metals.Ni was preferentially reduced and acted as a capturing agent,which captured other metals to form NiMoV alloys.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy(Grant Nos.U1931129,U1631115 and U1831117)under cooperative agreement between NSFC and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)NSFC-STINT Grant 11611130023(CH2015-6360)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.11403054)
文摘This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.
文摘目的探讨温肾宣痹汤联合碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2020年1月期间濮阳市中医医院收治的骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis,OP)患者84例,按就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组42例和治疗组42例。对照组采用碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用温肾宣痹汤治疗,两组患者均以4周为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程。对两组患者临床疗效、中医症状积分、骨密度(L2~L4及双髋部)、骨代谢指标[血清骨钙素(Bone Glaprotein,BGP)、总Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽(Procollagen type I nterminal propeptide,PINP)、β胶原降解产物(Beta collagen degradation products,β-CTX)]、安全性进行分析及比较,采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)进行疼痛评估。结果治疗后治疗组总有效率95.24%(40/42)与对照组73.81%(31/42)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者中医症状积分及VAS评分与治疗前比较均降低,且组间比较,治疗组中医症状积分及VAS评分更低(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者L2~L4及双髋部骨密度与治疗前比较均增加,且组间比较,治疗组L2~L4及双髋部骨密度更高(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者BGP水平均高于治疗前,且组间比较,治疗组BGP水平更高(P<0.05);两组患者PINP及β-CTX水平均低于治疗前,且组间比较,治疗组PINP及β-CTX水平更低(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应总发生率7.14%和对照组14.29%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论温肾宣痹汤联合碳酸钙D3咀嚼片治疗OP肝肾不足证的疗效显著,能明显缓解患者疼痛,增加骨密度,改善骨代谢,且安全可靠。
