Background:Hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 3,particularly subtype 3b,is increasing in prevalence and distribution in China.This study evaluated the prevalence,regional distribution,clinical characteristics,host factors...Background:Hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 3,particularly subtype 3b,is increasing in prevalence and distribution in China.This study evaluated the prevalence,regional distribution,clinical characteristics,host factors,treatment outcomes,and disease progression of patients with HCV genotype 3 in China.Methods:A 5-year follow-up was preceded by a cross-sectional study.Treatment choices were at the discretion of treating physicians.Estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression(defined by≥1 of:newly diagnosed cirrhosis;cirrhosis at baseline,Child-Turcotte-Pugh score increased 2 points or more;progression from compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis;hepatocellular carcinoma;liver transplantation;or death)was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for disease progression.Results:The cross-sectional study enrolled 997 patients,including 91 with HCV genotype 3 infection.Among them,subtype 3b(57.1%)was more dominant than subtype 3a(38.5%).Five hundred and twelve patients were included into the follow-up phase.Among patients analyzed for estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression,52/304(17.1%)patients with HCV genotype 1 and 4/41(9.8%)with HCV genotype 3(4/26 with genotype 3b,0/13 with genotype 3a,and 0/2 with undefined subtype of genotype 3)experienced overall-disease-progression.Patients with HCV genotype 3 were younger than those with genotype 1(mean age:39.5±8.7 vs.46.9±13.6 years)and demonstrated more rapid disease progression(mean estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression 27.1 vs.35.6 years).Conclusions:HCV genotype 3,specifically subtype 3b,is associated with more rapid progression of liver disease.Further analysis to compare HCV subtype 3a and 3b is needed in high prevalence regions.展开更多
AIM： To comparatively study the preventive effect of gelatinizedly-modified chitosan film on peritoneal adhesions induced by four different factors in rats. METHODS： Chitosan was chemically modified by gelatinizatio...AIM： To comparatively study the preventive effect of gelatinizedly-modified chitosan film on peritoneal adhesions induced by four different factors in rats. METHODS： Chitosan was chemically modified by gelatinization, and made into films of 60 μm in thickness, and sterilized. Two hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, Sham-operation group （group A）, wound-induced adhesion group （group B）, purified talc-induced adhesion group （group C）, vascular ligation-induced adhesion group （group D）, and infection-induced adhesion group （group E）, respectively. In each group, the rats were treated with different adhesion-inducing methods at the cecum of vermiform processes and then were divided into control and experimental subgroups. Serous membrane surface of vermiform processes were covered with the films in the experimental subgroups, and no films were used in the control subgroups. After 2 and 4 wk of treatments, the abdominal cavities were reopened and the adhesive severity was graded blindly according to Bhatia＇s method. The cecum of vermiform processes were resected for hydroxyproline （OHP） measurement and pathological examination. RESULTS： Adhesion severity and OHP level： After 2 and 4 wk of the treatments, in the experimental subgroups, the adhesions were significantly lighter and the OHP levels were significantly lower than those of the control subgroups in group B （2 wk： 0.199 ± 0.026 vs 0.285 ± 0.041 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001; 4 wk： 0.183 ± 0.034 vs 0.276 ± 0.03 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001）, D （2 wk： 0.216 ± 0.036 vs 0.274 ± 0.040 μg/mg pr, P = 0.004; 4 wk： 0.211 ± 0.044 vs 0.281 ± 0.047 μg/mg pr, P = 0.003） and E （2 wk： 0.259 ± 0.039 vs 0.371 ± 0.040 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001; 4 wk： 0.242 ± 0.045 vs 0.355 ± 0.029 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001）, but there were no significant differences in groups A （2wk： 0.141 ± 0.028 vs 0.137 =k 0.026 μg/mg pr, P = 0.737; 4 wk： 0.132 ± 0.031 vs 0.150 ± 0.035 μg/mg pr, P = 0.225） and C展开更多
Quorum sensing（QS） is a type of microbe-microbe communication system that is widespread among the microbial world, particularly among microorganisms that are symbiotic with plants and animals. Thereby, the cell-cell...Quorum sensing（QS） is a type of microbe-microbe communication system that is widespread among the microbial world, particularly among microorganisms that are symbiotic with plants and animals. Thereby, the cell-cell signalling is likely to occur in an anaerobic rumen environment, which is a complex microbial ecosystem. In this study, using six ruminally fistulated Liuyang black goats as experimental animals, we aimed to detect the activity of quorum sensing autoinducers（AI） both in vivo and in vitro and to clone the lux S gene that encoded autoinducer-2（AI-2） synthase of microbial samples that were collected from the rumen of goats. Neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and soluble starch were the two types of substrates that were used for in vitro fermentation. The fermented fluid samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. The acyl-homoserine lactones（AHLs） activity was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS） analysis. However, none of the rumen fluid extracts that were collected from the goat rumen showed the same or similar fragmentation pattern to AHLs standards. Meanwhile, the AI-2 activity, assayed using a Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioassay, was negative in all samples that were collected from the goat rumen and from in vitro fermentation fluids. Our results indicated that the activities of AHLs and AI-2 were not detected in the ruminal contents from six goats and in ruminal fluids obtained from in vitro fermentation at different sampling time-points. However, the homologues of lux S in Prevotella ruminicola were cloned from in vivo and in vitro ruminal fluids. We concluded that AHLs and AI-2 could not be detected in in vivo and in vitro ruminal fluids of goats using the current detection techniques under current dietary conditions. However, the microbes that inhabited the goat rumen had the potential ability to secrete AI-2 signaling molecules and to communicate with each other via AI-2-mediated QS because of the presence of lux S.展开更多
Objective:To study the involvement of MAPK MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway in the apoptosis process of SW620 tumor cell line and the inhibition effect of resveratrol.Methods:SW620 cell lines were divided into 5...Objective:To study the involvement of MAPK MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway in the apoptosis process of SW620 tumor cell line and the inhibition effect of resveratrol.Methods:SW620 cell lines were divided into 5 groups,namely,control group.PD98059 group,low-dose resveratrol group,mid-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The expression of apoptotic molecules and MEK/ERK signaling pathway related proteins were assayed by realtime PCR and Western blotting.Results:Compared with control group,the proliferation of cells treated with resveratrol was significantly inhibited.In the case of apoptotic molecules,the expression of Bax,Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 was increased significantly while the expression of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dosedependent manner.In the case of molecules in MEK/ERK signaling pathway,the expression of Ras,Raf,MEK and ERKl/2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:PD98059 and resveratrol can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SW620 through inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.展开更多
In the process of photocatalytic water cracking,the migration rate and utilization rate of photogenerated charges determine the hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst.In this paper,a carbon isotope superconduc...In the process of photocatalytic water cracking,the migration rate and utilization rate of photogenerated charges determine the hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst.In this paper,a carbon isotope superconducting material graphdiyne(GDY)is prepared by mechanical ball milling and introduced into the S-scheme heterojunction Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2)inorganic system.In terms of hydrogen evolution kinetics,GDY acts as an electron bridge,not only accelerating the migration of photogenerated carriers but also improving the utilization of photogenerated charges.Morphologically,the large twodimensional layer provides more loading and anchoring points for Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2),which increases the number of active sites.The ternary composite catalyst 20%GDY/Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2)(20-GCSM)generates 69.94μmol of hydrogen(5 h)in triethanolamine solution.It is 2.97 and1.80 times higher than Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S and Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2),respectively.After the cyclic experiment,it still has stable hydrogen evolution performance after standing for24 h(under dark conditions).In addition,the potential mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is demonstrated through in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.This work provides a reference for further research in the field of introducing carbon materials into photocatalytic systems and improving the utilization of photogenerated charges.展开更多
Improving the separation of photogenerated carriers and suppressing the rapid complication of electron-hole pairs are essential ways to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.The high recombination rate o...Improving the separation of photogenerated carriers and suppressing the rapid complication of electron-hole pairs are essential ways to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.The high recombination rate of the photogenerated carriers is an issue encountered when developing CdS as a promising photocatalytic material.This work allowed to accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes by loading monoclinicβ-AgVO_(3)on hexagonal CdS nanorods to construct a one-dimensional(1D)/1D p-n heterojunction.The introduction of monoclinicβ-AgVO_(3)with a narrow band gap effectively improves the light absorption of CdS,which is conducive to improving the use of visible light.The integrated electric field of the p-n heterojunction can effectively transfer electrons and holes in the direction suitable to hydrogen evolution.The photoluminescence and electrochemical characterization of the catalysts showed that the p-n heterojunction formed after loadingβ-AgVO_(3)greatly improved the separation efficiency of photocarriers.The hydrogen evolution experiments show that the composite catalyst has good photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability and stability.The composite catalyst with the best photocatalytic performance was obtained by studyingβ-AgVO_(3)with different loadings.The composite catalyst reached 581.5μmol of hydrogen amount within 5 h,which is 3.8 times higher than that of CdS alone and its apparent quantum efficiency reaches8.02%.The present work provides a possible solution for the development of perovskite and the extensiveness of CdS in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the China National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Diseases Control during the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan Period(Nos.2017ZX10202202,2012ZX10002003,2012ZX10002005)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7182174)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870406),and from the Bristol-Myers Squibb。
文摘Background:Hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 3,particularly subtype 3b,is increasing in prevalence and distribution in China.This study evaluated the prevalence,regional distribution,clinical characteristics,host factors,treatment outcomes,and disease progression of patients with HCV genotype 3 in China.Methods:A 5-year follow-up was preceded by a cross-sectional study.Treatment choices were at the discretion of treating physicians.Estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression(defined by≥1 of:newly diagnosed cirrhosis;cirrhosis at baseline,Child-Turcotte-Pugh score increased 2 points or more;progression from compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis;hepatocellular carcinoma;liver transplantation;or death)was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for disease progression.Results:The cross-sectional study enrolled 997 patients,including 91 with HCV genotype 3 infection.Among them,subtype 3b(57.1%)was more dominant than subtype 3a(38.5%).Five hundred and twelve patients were included into the follow-up phase.Among patients analyzed for estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression,52/304(17.1%)patients with HCV genotype 1 and 4/41(9.8%)with HCV genotype 3(4/26 with genotype 3b,0/13 with genotype 3a,and 0/2 with undefined subtype of genotype 3)experienced overall-disease-progression.Patients with HCV genotype 3 were younger than those with genotype 1(mean age:39.5±8.7 vs.46.9±13.6 years)and demonstrated more rapid disease progression(mean estimated infection time to overall-disease-progression 27.1 vs.35.6 years).Conclusions:HCV genotype 3,specifically subtype 3b,is associated with more rapid progression of liver disease.Further analysis to compare HCV subtype 3a and 3b is needed in high prevalence regions.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 50173023
文摘AIM： To comparatively study the preventive effect of gelatinizedly-modified chitosan film on peritoneal adhesions induced by four different factors in rats. METHODS： Chitosan was chemically modified by gelatinization, and made into films of 60 μm in thickness, and sterilized. Two hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, Sham-operation group （group A）, wound-induced adhesion group （group B）, purified talc-induced adhesion group （group C）, vascular ligation-induced adhesion group （group D）, and infection-induced adhesion group （group E）, respectively. In each group, the rats were treated with different adhesion-inducing methods at the cecum of vermiform processes and then were divided into control and experimental subgroups. Serous membrane surface of vermiform processes were covered with the films in the experimental subgroups, and no films were used in the control subgroups. After 2 and 4 wk of treatments, the abdominal cavities were reopened and the adhesive severity was graded blindly according to Bhatia＇s method. The cecum of vermiform processes were resected for hydroxyproline （OHP） measurement and pathological examination. RESULTS： Adhesion severity and OHP level： After 2 and 4 wk of the treatments, in the experimental subgroups, the adhesions were significantly lighter and the OHP levels were significantly lower than those of the control subgroups in group B （2 wk： 0.199 ± 0.026 vs 0.285 ± 0.041 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001; 4 wk： 0.183 ± 0.034 vs 0.276 ± 0.03 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001）, D （2 wk： 0.216 ± 0.036 vs 0.274 ± 0.040 μg/mg pr, P = 0.004; 4 wk： 0.211 ± 0.044 vs 0.281 ± 0.047 μg/mg pr, P = 0.003） and E （2 wk： 0.259 ± 0.039 vs 0.371 ± 0.040 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001; 4 wk： 0.242 ± 0.045 vs 0.355 ± 0.029 μg/mg pr, P 〈 0.001）, but there were no significant differences in groups A （2wk： 0.141 ± 0.028 vs 0.137 =k 0.026 μg/mg pr, P = 0.737; 4 wk： 0.132 ± 0.031 vs 0.150 ± 0.035 μg/mg pr, P = 0.225） and C
基金financially support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-455)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,China (KZCX2-YW-T07) and K C Wong Education, Hong Kong
文摘Quorum sensing（QS） is a type of microbe-microbe communication system that is widespread among the microbial world, particularly among microorganisms that are symbiotic with plants and animals. Thereby, the cell-cell signalling is likely to occur in an anaerobic rumen environment, which is a complex microbial ecosystem. In this study, using six ruminally fistulated Liuyang black goats as experimental animals, we aimed to detect the activity of quorum sensing autoinducers（AI） both in vivo and in vitro and to clone the lux S gene that encoded autoinducer-2（AI-2） synthase of microbial samples that were collected from the rumen of goats. Neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and soluble starch were the two types of substrates that were used for in vitro fermentation. The fermented fluid samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. The acyl-homoserine lactones（AHLs） activity was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS） analysis. However, none of the rumen fluid extracts that were collected from the goat rumen showed the same or similar fragmentation pattern to AHLs standards. Meanwhile, the AI-2 activity, assayed using a Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioassay, was negative in all samples that were collected from the goat rumen and from in vitro fermentation fluids. Our results indicated that the activities of AHLs and AI-2 were not detected in the ruminal contents from six goats and in ruminal fluids obtained from in vitro fermentation at different sampling time-points. However, the homologues of lux S in Prevotella ruminicola were cloned from in vivo and in vitro ruminal fluids. We concluded that AHLs and AI-2 could not be detected in in vivo and in vitro ruminal fluids of goats using the current detection techniques under current dietary conditions. However, the microbes that inhabited the goat rumen had the potential ability to secrete AI-2 signaling molecules and to communicate with each other via AI-2-mediated QS because of the presence of lux S.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(201918283)
文摘Objective:To study the involvement of MAPK MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway in the apoptosis process of SW620 tumor cell line and the inhibition effect of resveratrol.Methods:SW620 cell lines were divided into 5 groups,namely,control group.PD98059 group,low-dose resveratrol group,mid-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The expression of apoptotic molecules and MEK/ERK signaling pathway related proteins were assayed by realtime PCR and Western blotting.Results:Compared with control group,the proliferation of cells treated with resveratrol was significantly inhibited.In the case of apoptotic molecules,the expression of Bax,Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 was increased significantly while the expression of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dosedependent manner.In the case of molecules in MEK/ERK signaling pathway,the expression of Ras,Raf,MEK and ERKl/2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:PD98059 and resveratrol can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SW620 through inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22062001)。
文摘In the process of photocatalytic water cracking,the migration rate and utilization rate of photogenerated charges determine the hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst.In this paper,a carbon isotope superconducting material graphdiyne(GDY)is prepared by mechanical ball milling and introduced into the S-scheme heterojunction Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2)inorganic system.In terms of hydrogen evolution kinetics,GDY acts as an electron bridge,not only accelerating the migration of photogenerated carriers but also improving the utilization of photogenerated charges.Morphologically,the large twodimensional layer provides more loading and anchoring points for Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2),which increases the number of active sites.The ternary composite catalyst 20%GDY/Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2)(20-GCSM)generates 69.94μmol of hydrogen(5 h)in triethanolamine solution.It is 2.97 and1.80 times higher than Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S and Zn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)S/MoS_(2),respectively.After the cyclic experiment,it still has stable hydrogen evolution performance after standing for24 h(under dark conditions).In addition,the potential mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is demonstrated through in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.This work provides a reference for further research in the field of introducing carbon materials into photocatalytic systems and improving the utilization of photogenerated charges.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22062001,21975084)。
文摘Improving the separation of photogenerated carriers and suppressing the rapid complication of electron-hole pairs are essential ways to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.The high recombination rate of the photogenerated carriers is an issue encountered when developing CdS as a promising photocatalytic material.This work allowed to accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes by loading monoclinicβ-AgVO_(3)on hexagonal CdS nanorods to construct a one-dimensional(1D)/1D p-n heterojunction.The introduction of monoclinicβ-AgVO_(3)with a narrow band gap effectively improves the light absorption of CdS,which is conducive to improving the use of visible light.The integrated electric field of the p-n heterojunction can effectively transfer electrons and holes in the direction suitable to hydrogen evolution.The photoluminescence and electrochemical characterization of the catalysts showed that the p-n heterojunction formed after loadingβ-AgVO_(3)greatly improved the separation efficiency of photocarriers.The hydrogen evolution experiments show that the composite catalyst has good photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability and stability.The composite catalyst with the best photocatalytic performance was obtained by studyingβ-AgVO_(3)with different loadings.The composite catalyst reached 581.5μmol of hydrogen amount within 5 h,which is 3.8 times higher than that of CdS alone and its apparent quantum efficiency reaches8.02%.The present work provides a possible solution for the development of perovskite and the extensiveness of CdS in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
