CRISPR/Cas9 genome targeting systems have been applied to a variety of species. However, most CRISPR/Cas9 systems reported for plants can only modify one or a few target sites. Here, we report a robust CRISPR/Cas9 vec...CRISPR/Cas9 genome targeting systems have been applied to a variety of species. However, most CRISPR/Cas9 systems reported for plants can only modify one or a few target sites. Here, we report a robust CRISPR/Cas9 vector system, utilizing a plant codon optimized Cas9 gene, for convenient and high- efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants. We designed PCR-based procedures to rapidly generate multiple sgRNA expression cassettes, which can be assembled into the binary CRISPR/ Cas9 vectors in one round of cloning by Golden Gate ligation or Gibson Assembly. With this system, we edi- ted 46 target sites in rice with an average 85.4% rate of mutation, mostly in biallelic and homozygous status. We reasoned that about 16% of the homozygous mutations in rice were generated through the non-homol- ogous end-joining mechanism followed by homologous recombination-based repair. We also obtained uni- form biallelic, heterozygous, homozygous, and chimeric mutations in Arabidopsis T1 plants. The targeted mutations in both rice and Arabidopsis were heritable. We provide examples of loss-of-function gene mu- tations in To rice and T1Arabidopsis plants by simultaneous targeting of multiple （up to eight） members of a gene family, multiple genes in a biosynthetic pathway, or multiple sites in a single gene. This system has provided a versatile toolbox for studying functions of multiple genes and gene families in plants for basic research and genetic improvement.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)aims to mimic human cognitive functions.It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare,powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques.We surv...Artificial intelligence(AI)aims to mimic human cognitive functions.It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare,powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques.We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future.AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data(structured and unstructured).Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data,such as the classical support vector machine and neural network,and the modern deep learning,as well as natural language processing for unstructured data.Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer,neurology and cardiology.We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke,in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis,treatment,as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation.We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems,such as IBM Watson,and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI.展开更多
Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means ...Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means of transportation to leisure activities and entertainment. At the same time, new health problems have emerged, and health services are facing new challenges. Presently, cardiovascular diseases （CVD） are among the top health problems of the Chinese people, and pose a serious challenge to all engaged in the prevention and control of these diseases. An epidemic of CVD in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization and longevity. Both national policy decision-making and medical practice urgently need an authoritative report which comprehensively reflects the trends in the epidemic of CVD and current preventive measures. Since 2005, guided by the Bureau of Disease Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, nationwide experts in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine and health economics in the realms of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, completed the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China every year. The report aims to provide a timely review of the trend of the epidemic and to assess the progress of prevention and control of CVD. In addition, as the report is authoritative, representative and readable, it will become an information platform in the CVD field and an important reference book for government, academic institutes, medical organizations and clinical physicians. This publication is expected to play a positive role in the prevention and control of CVD in China. We present an abstract from the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China （2010）, including trends in CVD, morbidity and mortality of major CVDs, up-to-date assessment of risk factors, as well as health resources for CVD, and a profile of medical expenditure, with the aim of p展开更多
A new meta-heuristic method is proposed to enhance current meta-heuristic methods for global optimization and test scheduling for three-dimensional （3D） stacked system-on-chip （SoC） by hybridizing grey wolf optimi...A new meta-heuristic method is proposed to enhance current meta-heuristic methods for global optimization and test scheduling for three-dimensional （3D） stacked system-on-chip （SoC） by hybridizing grey wolf optimization with differential evo- lution （HGWO）. Because basic grey wolf optimization （GWO） is easy to fall into stagnation when it carries out the operation of at- tacking prey, and differential evolution （DE） is integrated into GWO to update the previous best position of grey wolf Alpha, Beta and Delta, in order to force GWO to jump out of the stagnation with DE＇s strong searching ability. The proposed algorithm can accele- rate the convergence speed of GWO and improve its performance. Twenty-three well-known benchmark functions and an NP hard problem of test scheduling for 3D SoC are employed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for exploiting the optimum and it has advantages in terms of exploration.展开更多
AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect and significances of multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombi in portal vein (PVTT). METHODS: HCC patients (n=147) with tumor thrombi in the ...AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect and significances of multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombi in portal vein (PVTT). METHODS: HCC patients (n=147) with tumor thrombi in the main portal vein or the first branch of portal vein were divided into four groups by the several therapeutic methods. There were conservative treatment group in 18 out of patients (group A); and hepatic artery ligation(HAL) and/or hepatic artery infusion (HAI) group in 18 patients (group B), in whom postoperative chemoembolization was done periodically; group of removal of HCC with PVTT in 79 (group C) and group of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or HAI and/or portal vein infusion (PVI) after operation in 32 (group D). RESULTS: The median survival period was 12 months in our series and the 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates were 44.3%, 24.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The median survival times were 2, 5, 12 and 16 months in group A, B, C and D, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 5.6%, 0% and 0% in group A; 22.2%, 5.6% and 0% in group B; 53.9%, 26.9% and 16.6% in group C; 79.3%, 38.9% and 26.8% in group D, respectively. Significant difference appeared in the survival rates among the groups (P 【 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection with removal of tumor thrombi and HCC should increase the curative effects and be encouraged for the prolongation of life span and quality of life for HCC patients with PVTT, whereas the best therapeutic method for HCC with PVTT is with regional hepatic chemotherapy or chemoembolization after hepatic resection with removal of tumor thrombi.展开更多
Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis and to examine the association between BRAF^(V600E) status and clinical features in papillary thyroid microcarcino...Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis and to examine the association between BRAF^(V600E) status and clinical features in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods: A total of 1,587 patients with PTMC, treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January2011 to March 2013, underwent retrospective analysis. We reviewed and analyzed factors including clinical results, pathology records, ultrasound results, and BRAF^(V600E) status.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that gender(male) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.845, P = 0.000], age(< 45 years)(OR = 1.606, P = 0.000), tumor size(> 6 mm)(OR = 2.137, P = 0.000), bilateralism(OR = 2.011, P = 0.000) and extrathyroidal extension(OR = 1.555, P = 0.001) served as independent predictors of central lymph node metastasis(CLNM).Moreover, CLNM(OR = 29.354, P = 0.000) served as an independent predictor of lateral lymph node metastasis(LLNM). Among patients with a solitary primary tumor, those with tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe or the isthmus were more likely to experience CLNM(P < 0.05). Univariate analyses indicated that CLNM, LLNM, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality were not significantly associated with BRAF^(V600E) mutation.Conclusions: The present study suggested that prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment should be considered in patients with PTMC, particularly in men with tumor size greater than 6 mm, age less than 45 years, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor bilaterality. Among patients with PTMC, BRAF^(V600E) mutation is not significantly associated with prognostic factors. For a better understanding of surgical management of PTMC and the risk factors, we recommend multicenter research and long-term follow-up.展开更多
AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridi...AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridization was employedto determine caspase 3 and p21<sup>WAF1</sup>expression inHCC.In situ end-labeling was used to detecthepatocytic apoptosis in HCC.RESULTS Twenty-one of 39（53.8%）cases ofHCC were found to express caspase 3transcripts,while 45.2% of HCC failed toexpress caspase 3.Non-cancerous adjacent livertissues showed more positive caspase 3（87.5%,7/8）as compared with HCC（P【0.05）.The expression of caspase 3 is correlated withHCC differentiation,72.2%（13/18）ofmoderately to highly differentiated HCC showedcaspase 3 transcripts positive,while only 38.1%of poorly differentiated HCC harbored caspase 3transcripts（P【0.05）.No relationship wasfound between caspase 3 expression and tumorsize or grade or metastasis,although 52.5%（5/8）of HCC with metastasis were caspase 3positive and a little higher than that with nometastasis（51.6%,P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 alone did not affect the apoptosisindex（AI）of HCC.The AI was 7.12%o in caspase3-positive tumors（n=21）,while in caspase 3-negative cases（n=18）6.59%0（P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 clearly segregated withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>positive tumors as compared withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>-negative cases（16 of 23,69.6% versus5 of 16,31.3%）with statistical significance（P=0.017）.In the cases with positive caspase 3and negative p21<sup>WAF1</sup>,the Al was found slightlyhigher,but with no statistical significance,thanthat with expression of p21<sup>WAF1</sup>and caspase 3（7.21‰ vs 6.98‰,P】0.05）.CONCLUSION Loss of caspase 3 expressionmay contribute to HCC carcinogenesis,althoughthe expression of caspase 3 does not correlatewell with cell apoptosis in HCC.p21<sup>WAF1</sup>may bemerely one of the inhibitors which can reducecaspase 3 mediated cell apoptosis in HCCs.展开更多
With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G)...With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G), bridging the gap between millimeter wave(mmWave) and optical frequency ranges. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the development towards THz communications and presents some key technologies faced in THz wireless communication systems. Firstly, despite the substantial hardware problems that have to be developed in terms of the THz solid state superheterodyne receiver, high speed THz modulators and THz antennas, the practical THz channel model and the efficient THz beamforming are also described to compensate for the severe path attenuation. Moreover, two different kinds of lab-level THz communication systems are introduced minutely, named a solid state THz communication system and a spatial direct modulation THz communication system, respectively. The solid state THz system converts intermediate frequency(IF) modulated signal to THz frequency while the direct modulation THz system allows the high power THz sources to input for approving the relatively long distance communications. Finally, we discuss several potential application scenarios as well as some vital technical challenges that will be encountered in the future THz communications.展开更多
The age of the alkali basalt from Daxizhuang in Jiaozhou, eastern Shandong, was determined to be 73.5±0.3 Ma by 40Ar-39Ar technique. The basalt gave high eNd(t) values of +7.5 and +7.6, suggesting that the primit...The age of the alkali basalt from Daxizhuang in Jiaozhou, eastern Shandong, was determined to be 73.5±0.3 Ma by 40Ar-39Ar technique. The basalt gave high eNd(t) values of +7.5 and +7.6, suggesting that the primitive magma was derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle with a formation depth of about 65—95 km. Spinel-lherzolite xenoliths have been discovered in the basalt. The Fo values of olivine from the xenoliths range from 88 to 89. The estimated equilibrium P-T conditions of spinel-lherzolite xenoliths are about 2.0 GPa and 1010—1140℃, suggesting an equilibrium depth of about 65 km. Geochemical characteristics of the Late Mesozoic (125—115 Ma) mantle-derived rocks in Shandong Province suggest an enriched lithospheric mantle along the southern margin of the North China block. However, geochemical characteristics of the Late Cretaceous basalts in Daxizhuang and the equilibrium P-T condition estimated from the xenoliths suggest that the lithosphere at 73 Ma ago was as thick as that of the Cenozoic in the region. Additionally, the xenoliths are rich in basaltic-component, suggesting a derivation from a newly-formed lithosphere. Therefor, lithospheric thinning took place at a time interval between about 120 and 73 Ma along the southern margin of the North China block.展开更多
Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of eme...Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.展开更多
N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most prevalent,abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs,especially within higher eukaryotic cells.m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltr...N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most prevalent,abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs,especially within higher eukaryotic cells.m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases,or writers,such as METTL3/14/16,RBM15/15B,ZC3H3,VIRMA,CBLL1,WTAP,and KIAA1429,and,removed by the demethylases,or erasers,including FTO and ALKBH5.It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3,YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1,also known as"readers".Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions,especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers.In this review,we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic,central nervous and reproductive systems.We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation,its regulators and downstream target genes,during cancer progression in above systems.We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.展开更多
Integrated energy distribution system(IEDS)is one of the integrated energy and power system forms,which involves electricity/gas/cold/heat and other various energy forms.The energy coupling relationship is close and c...Integrated energy distribution system(IEDS)is one of the integrated energy and power system forms,which involves electricity/gas/cold/heat and other various energy forms.The energy coupling relationship is close and complex.IEDS is the focus of regional energy internet research and development at home and abroad.Compared with the traditional power distribution system,IEDS through the multi-energy coupling link comprehensive utilization,effectively improve the distribution system economy,safety,reliability,flexibility and toughness,but also to ease the regional energy system environmental pressure.IEDS is an important direction for the future development of energy systems,and its related research and practice on China’s energy system development also has important practical and strategic significance.This paper summarizes the related researches of the IEDS and explores the energy operation characteristics and coupling mechanisms.What’s more,the integrated model of IEDS is summarized.On these bases,this paper discusses and prospects some key issues such as joint planning,optimization control and security analysis,state estimation and situational awareness and generalized demand side management.展开更多
AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor stag...AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor staging andhistological subtypes.METHODS Three hundred and twenty-sevenspecimens of gastric mucosa obtained viaendoscopy or surgical resection,and ABCimmunohistochemical staining were used todetect the expression of p53,p16,Bcl-2 andCOX-2 proteins.H.pylori was determined byrapid urea test combined with pathologicalstaining or<sup>14</sup>C urea breath test.Cellular image analysis was performed in 66 patients withintestinal metaplasia（IM）and/or dysplasia（Dys）.In 30 of them,both cancer and theparacancerous tissues were obtained at the timeof surgery.Histological pattern,tumor staging,lymph node metastasis,grading ofdifferentiation and other clinical data werestudied in the medical records.RESULTS p16 expression of IM or Dys wassignificantly lower in positive H.pylori chronicatrophic gastritis（CAG）than those withnegative H.pylori（CAG:54.8% vs 88.0%,IM:34.4% vs 69.6%,Dys:23.8% vs 53.6%,allP【0.05）,Bcl-2 or COX-2 expression of IM orDys in positive H.pylori cases was significantlyhigher than that without H.pylori（Bcl-2:68.8%vs23.9%,90.5% vs 60.7%;COX-2:50.0% vs10.8%,61.8% vs 17.8%;all P【0.05）.Themean number of most parameters of cellularimage analysis in positive H.pylori group wassignificantly higher than that in negative H.pylori group（Ellipser:53±14,40±12μm,Area<sub>1</sub>:748±572,302±202 μm<sup>2</sup>,Area<sub>2</sub>:3050±1661,1681±1990 μm<sup>2</sup>,all P【0.05;Ellipseb:79±23,58±15 μm,Ratio<sub>1</sub>:22%±5%,13%±4%,Ratio<sub>2</sub>:79%±17%,53%±20%,all P【0.01）.There was significant correlation between Bcl-2and histologic pattern of gastric carcinoma,andbetween COX-2 and tumor staging or lymph nodemetastasis（Bcl-2:75.0% vs 16.7%;COX-2:76.0% vs 20.0%,79.2% vs 16.7%;allP【0.05）.CONCLUSION p1l6, Bcl-2, and COX-2 but not p53 gene may play a role 展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the relationship between H-ras oncogene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. METHODS: Activated H-ras oncogene was transfected into SMMC 7721, a cell line derived from human HCC, by calci...AIM: To demonstrate the relationship between H-ras oncogene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. METHODS: Activated H-ras oncogene was transfected into SMMC 7721, a cell line derived from human HCC, by calcium phosphate transfection method. Some metastasis-related parameters were detected in vitro, including adhesion assay, migration assay, expression of collagenase IV(c IV ase) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS: The abilities of H-ras-transfected cell clones in adhesion to laminin (LN) or fibronectin (FN), migration, c IV ase secretion increased markedly, and the expression of EGFR elevated moderately. More importantly, these alterations were consistent positively with the expression of p21, the protein product of H-ras oncogene. CONCLUSION: H-ras oncogene could induce the metastatic phenotype of HCC cell in vitro to raise its metastatic potential.展开更多
The rapid growth of lithium ion batteries （LIBs） for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has resulted in an increased number of spent LIBs. Spent LIBs contain not only dangerous heavy metals but also t...The rapid growth of lithium ion batteries （LIBs） for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has resulted in an increased number of spent LIBs. Spent LIBs contain not only dangerous heavy metals but also toxic chemicals that pose a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of an efficient process to recycle spent LIBs for both economic aspects and environmental protection. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art processes for metal recycling from spent LIBs, introduce the structure of a LIB, and summarize all available technologies that are used in different recovery processes. It is notable that metal extraction and pretreatment play impor- tant roles in the whole recovery process, based on one or more of the principles of pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and so forth. By further comparing different recycling methods, existing challenges are identified and suggestions for improving the recycling effectiveness can be proposed.展开更多
The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including me...The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including measurements of the solar magnetic field. NVST is the primary ground-based facility used by the Chinese solar research community in this solar cycle. It is located by Fuxian Lake in southwest China, where the seeing is good enough to perform high resolution observations. We first introduce the general conditions at the Fuxian Solar Observatory and the primary science cases of NVST. Then, the basic structures of this telescope and instruments are described in detail. Finally, some typical high resolution data of the solar photosphere and chromosphere are also shown.展开更多
Objective To examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure （BP） in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Body mass index （BMI） and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7-17 ye...Objective To examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure （BP） in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Body mass index （BMI） and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7-17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs） of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent （PAR%）, were also calculated. Results The prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs （95% CI） for high BP were 4.1 （3.9, 4.4） in obese boys and 4.0 （3.7, 4.3） in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%. Conclusion Overweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.展开更多
AIM To investigate effect of losartan,an AT1receptor antagonist,on hepatic fibrosis induced byCCl<sub>;</sub>and to determine whether or not AT1receptors are expressed on hepatic stellate cells,METHODS AND...AIM To investigate effect of losartan,an AT1receptor antagonist,on hepatic fibrosis induced byCCl<sub>;</sub>and to determine whether or not AT1receptors are expressed on hepatic stellate cells,METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing（180±20）g,wererandomized into five groups（control group,modelgroup,and three losartan treated groups）,inwhich all rats were given the subcutaneousinjection of 40% CCl<sub>4</sub>（every 3 days for 6 weeks）except for rats of control group.Rats of losartan-treated groups were treated with losartan（20 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,5 mg/kg,daily gavage）,After 6weeks liver tissue and serum samples of all ratswere examined.Serum hyaluronic acid（HA）,procollagen typeⅢ（PCⅢ）were detected byradioimmunoassays,van Giesion collagen stainingwas used to evaluate the extracellular matrix of ratswith liver fibrosis.The expression of AT1receptors,transforming growth factor-beta（TGF-β）,and alpha-smooth muscle actin（a-SMA）inliver tissue were determined byimmunohistochemical techniques.Compared withmodel group,serum ALT and AST of losartan-treated groups were significantly reduced（t=4.20,P【0.01 and t=4.57,P【0.01）.Serum HAand PCⅢalso had significant differences（t=3.53,P【0.01 and t=2.20,P【0.05）.Thedegree of fibrosis was improved by losartan and correlated with the expressions of AT1 receptors,TGF-β,and α-SMA in liver tissue.CONCLUSION AT1 receptor antagonist,losartan,could limit the progression of the hepatic fibrosisinduced by CCl<sub>4</sub>.The mechanism may be related tothe decrease in the expression of AT1 receptorsand TGF-β,ameliorating the injury of hepatocytes;activation of local renin-angiotensin system mightrelate to hepatic fibrosis;and during progressionof fibrosis,activated hepatic stellate cells mightexpress AT1 receptors.展开更多
Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 i...Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 immunohistochemistry(IHC)2+and fluorescence in-situ hybridization-negative patients.Here,we report the efficacy and safety of a novel anti-HER2 antibody RC48 for patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.Methods:Patients with HER2-overexpressing(IHC 2+or 3+),locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who were under at least second-line therapy were eligible and received RC482.5 mg/kg alone every 2 weeks.The primary endpoint was the objective response rate(ORR)assessed by an independent review committee.Secondary endpoints included progressionfree survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),duration of response,time to progression,disease control rate,and safety.Results:Of 179 patients screened,125 were eligible and received RC48 treatment.The ORR was 24.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:17.5%-33.3%).The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months(95%CI:3.7-4.9 months)and 7.9 months(95%CI:6.7-9.9 months),respectively.The most frequently reported adverse events were decreased white blood cell count(53.6%),asthenia(53.6%),hair loss(53.6%),decreased neutrophil count(52.0%),anemia(49.6%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(43.2%).Serious adverse events(SAEs)occurred in 45(36.0%)patients,and RC48-related SAEs were mainly decreased neutrophil count(3.2%).Seven patients had adverse events that led to death were not RC48-related.Conclusions:RC48 showed promising activity with manageable safety,suggesting potential application in patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.展开更多
文摘CRISPR/Cas9 genome targeting systems have been applied to a variety of species. However, most CRISPR/Cas9 systems reported for plants can only modify one or a few target sites. Here, we report a robust CRISPR/Cas9 vector system, utilizing a plant codon optimized Cas9 gene, for convenient and high- efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants. We designed PCR-based procedures to rapidly generate multiple sgRNA expression cassettes, which can be assembled into the binary CRISPR/ Cas9 vectors in one round of cloning by Golden Gate ligation or Gibson Assembly. With this system, we edi- ted 46 target sites in rice with an average 85.4% rate of mutation, mostly in biallelic and homozygous status. We reasoned that about 16% of the homozygous mutations in rice were generated through the non-homol- ogous end-joining mechanism followed by homologous recombination-based repair. We also obtained uni- form biallelic, heterozygous, homozygous, and chimeric mutations in Arabidopsis T1 plants. The targeted mutations in both rice and Arabidopsis were heritable. We provide examples of loss-of-function gene mu- tations in To rice and T1Arabidopsis plants by simultaneous targeting of multiple （up to eight） members of a gene family, multiple genes in a biosynthetic pathway, or multiple sites in a single gene. This system has provided a versatile toolbox for studying functions of multiple genes and gene families in plants for basic research and genetic improvement.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)aims to mimic human cognitive functions.It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare,powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques.We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future.AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data(structured and unstructured).Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data,such as the classical support vector machine and neural network,and the modern deep learning,as well as natural language processing for unstructured data.Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer,neurology and cardiology.We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke,in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis,treatment,as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation.We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems,such as IBM Watson,and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI.
文摘Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means of transportation to leisure activities and entertainment. At the same time, new health problems have emerged, and health services are facing new challenges. Presently, cardiovascular diseases （CVD） are among the top health problems of the Chinese people, and pose a serious challenge to all engaged in the prevention and control of these diseases. An epidemic of CVD in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization and longevity. Both national policy decision-making and medical practice urgently need an authoritative report which comprehensively reflects the trends in the epidemic of CVD and current preventive measures. Since 2005, guided by the Bureau of Disease Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, nationwide experts in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine and health economics in the realms of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, completed the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China every year. The report aims to provide a timely review of the trend of the epidemic and to assess the progress of prevention and control of CVD. In addition, as the report is authoritative, representative and readable, it will become an information platform in the CVD field and an important reference book for government, academic institutes, medical organizations and clinical physicians. This publication is expected to play a positive role in the prevention and control of CVD in China. We present an abstract from the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China （2010）, including trends in CVD, morbidity and mortality of major CVDs, up-to-date assessment of risk factors, as well as health resources for CVD, and a profile of medical expenditure, with the aim of p
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6076600161105004)+1 种基金the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments(YQ14110)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Guilin University of Electronic Technology(IRTGUET)
文摘A new meta-heuristic method is proposed to enhance current meta-heuristic methods for global optimization and test scheduling for three-dimensional （3D） stacked system-on-chip （SoC） by hybridizing grey wolf optimization with differential evo- lution （HGWO）. Because basic grey wolf optimization （GWO） is easy to fall into stagnation when it carries out the operation of at- tacking prey, and differential evolution （DE） is integrated into GWO to update the previous best position of grey wolf Alpha, Beta and Delta, in order to force GWO to jump out of the stagnation with DE＇s strong searching ability. The proposed algorithm can accele- rate the convergence speed of GWO and improve its performance. Twenty-three well-known benchmark functions and an NP hard problem of test scheduling for 3D SoC are employed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for exploiting the optimum and it has advantages in terms of exploration.
基金Surported by the Funds of Hundred Outsdanding Persons project of Shanghai(97BR029)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(984419067)
文摘AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect and significances of multimodality treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombi in portal vein (PVTT). METHODS: HCC patients (n=147) with tumor thrombi in the main portal vein or the first branch of portal vein were divided into four groups by the several therapeutic methods. There were conservative treatment group in 18 out of patients (group A); and hepatic artery ligation(HAL) and/or hepatic artery infusion (HAI) group in 18 patients (group B), in whom postoperative chemoembolization was done periodically; group of removal of HCC with PVTT in 79 (group C) and group of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or HAI and/or portal vein infusion (PVI) after operation in 32 (group D). RESULTS: The median survival period was 12 months in our series and the 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates were 44.3%, 24.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The median survival times were 2, 5, 12 and 16 months in group A, B, C and D, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 5.6%, 0% and 0% in group A; 22.2%, 5.6% and 0% in group B; 53.9%, 26.9% and 16.6% in group C; 79.3%, 38.9% and 26.8% in group D, respectively. Significant difference appeared in the survival rates among the groups (P 【 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection with removal of tumor thrombi and HCC should increase the curative effects and be encouraged for the prolongation of life span and quality of life for HCC patients with PVTT, whereas the best therapeutic method for HCC with PVTT is with regional hepatic chemotherapy or chemoembolization after hepatic resection with removal of tumor thrombi.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81402392, 81472580, 81502322)Tianjin Municipal Science and technology project (Grant No. 15JCQNJC12800 and 17YFZCSY00690)
文摘Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis and to examine the association between BRAF^(V600E) status and clinical features in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods: A total of 1,587 patients with PTMC, treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January2011 to March 2013, underwent retrospective analysis. We reviewed and analyzed factors including clinical results, pathology records, ultrasound results, and BRAF^(V600E) status.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that gender(male) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.845, P = 0.000], age(< 45 years)(OR = 1.606, P = 0.000), tumor size(> 6 mm)(OR = 2.137, P = 0.000), bilateralism(OR = 2.011, P = 0.000) and extrathyroidal extension(OR = 1.555, P = 0.001) served as independent predictors of central lymph node metastasis(CLNM).Moreover, CLNM(OR = 29.354, P = 0.000) served as an independent predictor of lateral lymph node metastasis(LLNM). Among patients with a solitary primary tumor, those with tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe or the isthmus were more likely to experience CLNM(P < 0.05). Univariate analyses indicated that CLNM, LLNM, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality were not significantly associated with BRAF^(V600E) mutation.Conclusions: The present study suggested that prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment should be considered in patients with PTMC, particularly in men with tumor size greater than 6 mm, age less than 45 years, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor bilaterality. Among patients with PTMC, BRAF^(V600E) mutation is not significantly associated with prognostic factors. For a better understanding of surgical management of PTMC and the risk factors, we recommend multicenter research and long-term follow-up.
文摘AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridization was employedto determine caspase 3 and p21<sup>WAF1</sup>expression inHCC.In situ end-labeling was used to detecthepatocytic apoptosis in HCC.RESULTS Twenty-one of 39（53.8%）cases ofHCC were found to express caspase 3transcripts,while 45.2% of HCC failed toexpress caspase 3.Non-cancerous adjacent livertissues showed more positive caspase 3（87.5%,7/8）as compared with HCC（P【0.05）.The expression of caspase 3 is correlated withHCC differentiation,72.2%（13/18）ofmoderately to highly differentiated HCC showedcaspase 3 transcripts positive,while only 38.1%of poorly differentiated HCC harbored caspase 3transcripts（P【0.05）.No relationship wasfound between caspase 3 expression and tumorsize or grade or metastasis,although 52.5%（5/8）of HCC with metastasis were caspase 3positive and a little higher than that with nometastasis（51.6%,P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 alone did not affect the apoptosisindex（AI）of HCC.The AI was 7.12%o in caspase3-positive tumors（n=21）,while in caspase 3-negative cases（n=18）6.59%0（P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 clearly segregated withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>positive tumors as compared withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>-negative cases（16 of 23,69.6% versus5 of 16,31.3%）with statistical significance（P=0.017）.In the cases with positive caspase 3and negative p21<sup>WAF1</sup>,the Al was found slightlyhigher,but with no statistical significance,thanthat with expression of p21<sup>WAF1</sup>and caspase 3（7.21‰ vs 6.98‰,P】0.05）.CONCLUSION Loss of caspase 3 expressionmay contribute to HCC carcinogenesis,althoughthe expression of caspase 3 does not correlatewell with cell apoptosis in HCC.p21<sup>WAF1</sup>may bemerely one of the inhibitors which can reducecaspase 3 mediated cell apoptosis in HCCs.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) of China under Grant No.2011AA010200 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No.61771116 and No.91738102
文摘With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G), bridging the gap between millimeter wave(mmWave) and optical frequency ranges. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the development towards THz communications and presents some key technologies faced in THz wireless communication systems. Firstly, despite the substantial hardware problems that have to be developed in terms of the THz solid state superheterodyne receiver, high speed THz modulators and THz antennas, the practical THz channel model and the efficient THz beamforming are also described to compensate for the severe path attenuation. Moreover, two different kinds of lab-level THz communication systems are introduced minutely, named a solid state THz communication system and a spatial direct modulation THz communication system, respectively. The solid state THz system converts intermediate frequency(IF) modulated signal to THz frequency while the direct modulation THz system allows the high power THz sources to input for approving the relatively long distance communications. Finally, we discuss several potential application scenarios as well as some vital technical challenges that will be encountered in the future THz communications.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-107).
文摘The age of the alkali basalt from Daxizhuang in Jiaozhou, eastern Shandong, was determined to be 73.5±0.3 Ma by 40Ar-39Ar technique. The basalt gave high eNd(t) values of +7.5 and +7.6, suggesting that the primitive magma was derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle with a formation depth of about 65—95 km. Spinel-lherzolite xenoliths have been discovered in the basalt. The Fo values of olivine from the xenoliths range from 88 to 89. The estimated equilibrium P-T conditions of spinel-lherzolite xenoliths are about 2.0 GPa and 1010—1140℃, suggesting an equilibrium depth of about 65 km. Geochemical characteristics of the Late Mesozoic (125—115 Ma) mantle-derived rocks in Shandong Province suggest an enriched lithospheric mantle along the southern margin of the North China block. However, geochemical characteristics of the Late Cretaceous basalts in Daxizhuang and the equilibrium P-T condition estimated from the xenoliths suggest that the lithosphere at 73 Ma ago was as thick as that of the Cenozoic in the region. Additionally, the xenoliths are rich in basaltic-component, suggesting a derivation from a newly-formed lithosphere. Therefor, lithospheric thinning took place at a time interval between about 120 and 73 Ma along the southern margin of the North China block.
文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Stem Cell and Translational Research(to Y.B.C.,2016YFA0100900)also National Nature Science Foundation of China(U1902216,81772996,81672764,82060515)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2019FJ009,202001AS070037,2019FB106,2019FB1112019HB076 and AMHD-2020-1)。
文摘N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most prevalent,abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs,especially within higher eukaryotic cells.m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases,or writers,such as METTL3/14/16,RBM15/15B,ZC3H3,VIRMA,CBLL1,WTAP,and KIAA1429,and,removed by the demethylases,or erasers,including FTO and ALKBH5.It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3,YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1,also known as"readers".Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions,especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers.In this review,we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic,central nervous and reproductive systems.We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation,its regulators and downstream target genes,during cancer progression in above systems.We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China(2015AA050403)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(17JCQNJC06600)+2 种基金Independent Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University(Research on Key Technology of Distributed Demand Response)Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technical Think Tank Joint Project of Qingdao(201707071003)the Distributed Energy and Microgrid Project conducted in collaboration with APPLIED ENERGY UNiLAB-DEM.
文摘Integrated energy distribution system(IEDS)is one of the integrated energy and power system forms,which involves electricity/gas/cold/heat and other various energy forms.The energy coupling relationship is close and complex.IEDS is the focus of regional energy internet research and development at home and abroad.Compared with the traditional power distribution system,IEDS through the multi-energy coupling link comprehensive utilization,effectively improve the distribution system economy,safety,reliability,flexibility and toughness,but also to ease the regional energy system environmental pressure.IEDS is an important direction for the future development of energy systems,and its related research and practice on China’s energy system development also has important practical and strategic significance.This paper summarizes the related researches of the IEDS and explores the energy operation characteristics and coupling mechanisms.What’s more,the integrated model of IEDS is summarized.On these bases,this paper discusses and prospects some key issues such as joint planning,optimization control and security analysis,state estimation and situational awareness and generalized demand side management.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Educational Committee of Jiangsu Province,No.125FA9608.
文摘AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor staging andhistological subtypes.METHODS Three hundred and twenty-sevenspecimens of gastric mucosa obtained viaendoscopy or surgical resection,and ABCimmunohistochemical staining were used todetect the expression of p53,p16,Bcl-2 andCOX-2 proteins.H.pylori was determined byrapid urea test combined with pathologicalstaining or<sup>14</sup>C urea breath test.Cellular image analysis was performed in 66 patients withintestinal metaplasia（IM）and/or dysplasia（Dys）.In 30 of them,both cancer and theparacancerous tissues were obtained at the timeof surgery.Histological pattern,tumor staging,lymph node metastasis,grading ofdifferentiation and other clinical data werestudied in the medical records.RESULTS p16 expression of IM or Dys wassignificantly lower in positive H.pylori chronicatrophic gastritis（CAG）than those withnegative H.pylori（CAG:54.8% vs 88.0%,IM:34.4% vs 69.6%,Dys:23.8% vs 53.6%,allP【0.05）,Bcl-2 or COX-2 expression of IM orDys in positive H.pylori cases was significantlyhigher than that without H.pylori（Bcl-2:68.8%vs23.9%,90.5% vs 60.7%;COX-2:50.0% vs10.8%,61.8% vs 17.8%;all P【0.05）.Themean number of most parameters of cellularimage analysis in positive H.pylori group wassignificantly higher than that in negative H.pylori group（Ellipser:53±14,40±12μm,Area<sub>1</sub>:748±572,302±202 μm<sup>2</sup>,Area<sub>2</sub>:3050±1661,1681±1990 μm<sup>2</sup>,all P【0.05;Ellipseb:79±23,58±15 μm,Ratio<sub>1</sub>:22%±5%,13%±4%,Ratio<sub>2</sub>:79%±17%,53%±20%,all P【0.01）.There was significant correlation between Bcl-2and histologic pattern of gastric carcinoma,andbetween COX-2 and tumor staging or lymph nodemetastasis（Bcl-2:75.0% vs 16.7%;COX-2:76.0% vs 20.0%,79.2% vs 16.7%;allP【0.05）.CONCLUSION p1l6, Bcl-2, and COX-2 but not p53 gene may play a role
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the relationship between H-ras oncogene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. METHODS: Activated H-ras oncogene was transfected into SMMC 7721, a cell line derived from human HCC, by calcium phosphate transfection method. Some metastasis-related parameters were detected in vitro, including adhesion assay, migration assay, expression of collagenase IV(c IV ase) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS: The abilities of H-ras-transfected cell clones in adhesion to laminin (LN) or fibronectin (FN), migration, c IV ase secretion increased markedly, and the expression of EGFR elevated moderately. More importantly, these alterations were consistent positively with the expression of p21, the protein product of H-ras oncogene. CONCLUSION: H-ras oncogene could induce the metastatic phenotype of HCC cell in vitro to raise its metastatic potential.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support on this research from the ＂1000 talents program＂ of China （Zhi Sun）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51425405）. This research was also supported by the National Science-Technology Support Program （2015 BAB02B05）.
文摘The rapid growth of lithium ion batteries （LIBs） for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has resulted in an increased number of spent LIBs. Spent LIBs contain not only dangerous heavy metals but also toxic chemicals that pose a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of an efficient process to recycle spent LIBs for both economic aspects and environmental protection. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art processes for metal recycling from spent LIBs, introduce the structure of a LIB, and summarize all available technologies that are used in different recovery processes. It is notable that metal extraction and pretreatment play impor- tant roles in the whole recovery process, based on one or more of the principles of pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and so forth. By further comparing different recycling methods, existing challenges are identified and suggestions for improving the recycling effectiveness can be proposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The New Vacuum Solar Telescope （NVST） is a one meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe fine structures on the Sun. The main goals of NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including measurements of the solar magnetic field. NVST is the primary ground-based facility used by the Chinese solar research community in this solar cycle. It is located by Fuxian Lake in southwest China, where the seeing is good enough to perform high resolution observations. We first introduce the general conditions at the Fuxian Solar Observatory and the primary science cases of NVST. Then, the basic structures of this telescope and instruments are described in detail. Finally, some typical high resolution data of the solar photosphere and chromosphere are also shown.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81172683)
文摘Objective To examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure （BP） in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Body mass index （BMI） and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7-17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs） of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent （PAR%）, were also calculated. Results The prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs （95% CI） for high BP were 4.1 （3.9, 4.4） in obese boys and 4.0 （3.7, 4.3） in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%. Conclusion Overweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.
文摘AIM To investigate effect of losartan,an AT1receptor antagonist,on hepatic fibrosis induced byCCl<sub>;</sub>and to determine whether or not AT1receptors are expressed on hepatic stellate cells,METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing（180±20）g,wererandomized into five groups（control group,modelgroup,and three losartan treated groups）,inwhich all rats were given the subcutaneousinjection of 40% CCl<sub>4</sub>（every 3 days for 6 weeks）except for rats of control group.Rats of losartan-treated groups were treated with losartan（20 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,5 mg/kg,daily gavage）,After 6weeks liver tissue and serum samples of all ratswere examined.Serum hyaluronic acid（HA）,procollagen typeⅢ（PCⅢ）were detected byradioimmunoassays,van Giesion collagen stainingwas used to evaluate the extracellular matrix of ratswith liver fibrosis.The expression of AT1receptors,transforming growth factor-beta（TGF-β）,and alpha-smooth muscle actin（a-SMA）inliver tissue were determined byimmunohistochemical techniques.Compared withmodel group,serum ALT and AST of losartan-treated groups were significantly reduced（t=4.20,P【0.01 and t=4.57,P【0.01）.Serum HAand PCⅢalso had significant differences（t=3.53,P【0.01 and t=2.20,P【0.05）.Thedegree of fibrosis was improved by losartan and correlated with the expressions of AT1 receptors,TGF-β,and α-SMA in liver tissue.CONCLUSION AT1 receptor antagonist,losartan,could limit the progression of the hepatic fibrosisinduced by CCl<sub>4</sub>.The mechanism may be related tothe decrease in the expression of AT1 receptorsand TGF-β,ameliorating the injury of hepatocytes;activation of local renin-angiotensin system mightrelate to hepatic fibrosis;and during progressionof fibrosis,activated hepatic stellate cells mightexpress AT1 receptors.
基金This study was funded by RemeGen Co.,Ltd.This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91959205)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017YFC1308900,No.2018ZX09201-015)Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.2020-1-1022)。
文摘Background:Current treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing gastric cancer at third-line have shown limited clinical benefit.Further,there is no specific treatment for HER2 immunohistochemistry(IHC)2+and fluorescence in-situ hybridization-negative patients.Here,we report the efficacy and safety of a novel anti-HER2 antibody RC48 for patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.Methods:Patients with HER2-overexpressing(IHC 2+or 3+),locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who were under at least second-line therapy were eligible and received RC482.5 mg/kg alone every 2 weeks.The primary endpoint was the objective response rate(ORR)assessed by an independent review committee.Secondary endpoints included progressionfree survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),duration of response,time to progression,disease control rate,and safety.Results:Of 179 patients screened,125 were eligible and received RC48 treatment.The ORR was 24.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:17.5%-33.3%).The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months(95%CI:3.7-4.9 months)and 7.9 months(95%CI:6.7-9.9 months),respectively.The most frequently reported adverse events were decreased white blood cell count(53.6%),asthenia(53.6%),hair loss(53.6%),decreased neutrophil count(52.0%),anemia(49.6%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(43.2%).Serious adverse events(SAEs)occurred in 45(36.0%)patients,and RC48-related SAEs were mainly decreased neutrophil count(3.2%).Seven patients had adverse events that led to death were not RC48-related.Conclusions:RC48 showed promising activity with manageable safety,suggesting potential application in patients with HER2-overexpressing,advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.
